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Inorganics
Volume 14
Issue 3
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Inorganics, Volume 14, Issue 3 (March 2026) – 24 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Topological materials exhibit unusual electronic behavior and are promising candidates for high-efficiency electronic, spintronic, and quantum devices. In a topological insulator, the bulk material behaves as an insulator while the surface conducts electrons. Zintl phases are a class of intermetallic compounds which are intrinsic semiconductors by nature and can provide new insights into the topologically non-trivial phases. It is expected that such behavior will be prevalent in compounds containing heavy p-block elements, which enhance spin–orbit coupling. In this work, the focus was on bismuth and its ternary compounds KCaBi, RbCaBi, and CsCaBi (anti-PbFCl structure type, space group P4/nmm). The reported crystal structures are all elucidated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. View this paper
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31 pages, 1251 KB  
Review
Electrochemical Determination of Oxyanions: Measurands, Signal Attribution, and the Limits of Analytical Translation
by Angel A. J. Torriero
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030089 - 22 Mar 2026
Viewed by 271
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors for oxyanion detection are widely reported across environmental, industrial, and biological contexts, with recent literature often emphasising material innovation and increasingly low detection limits. Despite this activity, translation beyond laboratory demonstrations remains limited, raising questions about how electrochemical signals are interpreted [...] Read more.
Electrochemical sensors for oxyanion detection are widely reported across environmental, industrial, and biological contexts, with recent literature often emphasising material innovation and increasingly low detection limits. Despite this activity, translation beyond laboratory demonstrations remains limited, raising questions about how electrochemical signals are interpreted and validated. In this review, recent electrochemical oxyanion sensors are examined from a measurement-centred perspective, focusing on how signals are generated, conditioned, and calibrated across major sensing strategies, including direct faradaic detection, modified-electrode and electrocatalytic systems, accumulation-based approaches, and enzyme- or mediator-assisted architectures. Rather than cataloguing sensor materials or device configurations, the analysis examines the assumptions underlying commonly reported performance metrics. Across sensing strategies, signal behaviour is frequently governed by interfacial chemistry, surface history, and experimental constraints rather than by invariant properties of the target oxyanion. Consequently, sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limits often reflect context-dependent behaviour within narrowly defined laboratory regimes. By synthesising these patterns, the review identifies recurring interpretive limitations in how electrochemical responses are linked to analyte determination. The resulting framework clarifies the analytical basis of the existing literature and highlights design-relevant constraints and validation practices that must be addressed for electrochemical oxyanion sensors to progress from feasibility demonstrations to robust analytical tools. Full article
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22 pages, 6410 KB  
Article
Characterization of Fe-CDs/Mn-CeO2 and Its Colorimetric Sensing Studies of H2O2, Glu, and GSH
by Naifeng Chen, Yi Li, Chenxia Gao, Chao Xue, Shuang Liu, Jinghang Li, Xi Cao, Kuilin Lv and Yuguang Lv
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030088 - 21 Mar 2026
Viewed by 267
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the characterization of 2Fe-CDs/12Mn-CeO2 composites and the colorimetric sensing properties of H2O2, glucose (Glu), and glutathione (GSH). The morphology, structure, and optical properties of the 2Fe-CDs/12Mn-CeO2 composite were analyzed in detail by XRD, [...] Read more.
This study systematically investigated the characterization of 2Fe-CDs/12Mn-CeO2 composites and the colorimetric sensing properties of H2O2, glucose (Glu), and glutathione (GSH). The morphology, structure, and optical properties of the 2Fe-CDs/12Mn-CeO2 composite were analyzed in detail by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy, and its formation was supported by multiple complementary characterization techniques. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of the nanozyme is 152-fold higher than natural HRP under optimal conditions and remains 59-fold higher even after temperature normalization to 25 °C. In the colorimetric sensing experiments, the detection limits of Fe-CDs/Mn-CeO2 were 0.21 μM, 2.7 μM, and 0.63 μM for H2O2, Glu, and GSH, respectively. Rapid and accurate determination of the concentrations of these biomolecules can be achieved by observing the color changes after Fe-CDs/Mn-CeO2 reaction with the objects to be measured. The experimental results show that Fe-CDs/Mn-CeO2 have high sensitivity and selectivity for H2O2, Glu, and GSH, which provides a solid theoretical and experimental basis for the application of Fe-CDs/Mn-CeO2 in the field of biosensing and medical diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multifunctional Composites and Hybrid Materials)
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23 pages, 1456 KB  
Review
Research Progress of Functional Materials in Drug Degradation, Adsorption and Integrated Diagnosis and Treatment
by Yuxin Wang, Xiaoxue Tang, Siqi Huang, Weie Wang, Xi Cao, Yuguang Lv and Xiaoyi Chen
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030087 - 21 Mar 2026
Viewed by 296
Abstract
With the deep integration of pharmacy and materials science, functional materials are increasingly applied in drug development, environmental remediation of pharmaceutical pollutants, and clinical diagnosis and treatment. This article focuses on multiple application scenarios of functional materials, including drug degradation, drug adsorption, drug [...] Read more.
With the deep integration of pharmacy and materials science, functional materials are increasingly applied in drug development, environmental remediation of pharmaceutical pollutants, and clinical diagnosis and treatment. This article focuses on multiple application scenarios of functional materials, including drug degradation, drug adsorption, drug analysis and detection, electrochemical detection, and bioimaging. It systematically reviews the structural characteristics, modification strategies, and latest research progress of typical functional materials such as metal–organic framework materials, nanocomposites and bio-based materials in various application fields. The article also analyzes key challenges faced by functional materials in multi-scenario applications, such as biocompatibility, stability, and large-scale preparation. In light of the trends in precision medicine, it outlines future directions for the application of functional materials in the field of pharmacy, aiming to provide references for the design and development of multifunctional materials and innovative applications in pharmaceuticals. Full article
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19 pages, 4682 KB  
Article
Facile Synthesis of Modified Single-Crystal NCM811 Cathode Materials and the Electrochemical Performance for Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Zixiang Wang, Binhao Li, Jing Wang, Kemeng Nong and Shuhui Liu
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030086 - 20 Mar 2026
Viewed by 387
Abstract
To address the capacity decay of NCM811 caused by microcracks and cation disorder during cycling, La, Al, and F tri-doped micron-sized single-crystal NCM811 material with a LiNbO3 coating was synthesized via a facile co-solvent method. Using a mixed glucose–urea thermal solution as [...] Read more.
To address the capacity decay of NCM811 caused by microcracks and cation disorder during cycling, La, Al, and F tri-doped micron-sized single-crystal NCM811 material with a LiNbO3 coating was synthesized via a facile co-solvent method. Using a mixed glucose–urea thermal solution as the reaction medium, metal salts were incorporated, followed by step-wise sintering, ball-milling, heat treatment, and wet-chemical coating. This approach enables atomic-level precursor mixing and ensures homogeneous element distribution. La3+ enlarges the lithium layer spacing to enhance ion diffusion and Al3+ suppresses Ni3+ reduction to Ni2+, mitigating cation mixing and improving conductivity, while F− stabilizes the crystal structure via its strong electronegativity. The LiNbO3 coating protects the interface from electrolyte attack, and the single-crystal morphology effectively suppresses microcracking. Compared to unmodified single-crystal NCM811 prepared identically, the modified material exhibits reduced cation disorder, improved crystallinity, and superior thermal stability. Electrochemical tests in half-cells with 1 M LiPF6/(EC/EMC/DMC) electrolyte (2.8–4.3 V) show an initial discharge capacity of 208.32 mAh/g at 0.1 C and 194.05 mAh/g at 1 C. After 200 cycles at 1 C, the capacity retention remains at 92.21%, exceeding the market average. Rate performance is also notably enhanced, with the 5 C discharge capacity increasing from 141.12 mAh/g (unmodified) to 166.81 mAh/g, demonstrating improved kinetics and structural stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Materials)
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17 pages, 2581 KB  
Article
An Investigation into Carnosine as a Coordinating Ligand of Essential Metals, Copper, Zinc and Iron, and Some of Its Biological Activity
by Giovanna Claudino de Lima, João Honorato de Araujo-Neto, Marcelo Cecconi Portes, Ana Paula Araujo de Oliveira and Ana Maria da Costa Ferreira
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030085 - 17 Mar 2026
Viewed by 424
Abstract
Carnosine (or β-alanyl-L-histidine) is an endogenous compound playing very important roles in human organisms as antiglycation and antioxidant agents, and, in addition, helping to mitigate illnesses such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Aiming to explore the chelating ability of carnosine, [...] Read more.
Carnosine (or β-alanyl-L-histidine) is an endogenous compound playing very important roles in human organisms as antiglycation and antioxidant agents, and, in addition, helping to mitigate illnesses such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Aiming to explore the chelating ability of carnosine, based on its coordinating possibilities, we started to investigate the metal complexes of essential copper(II), zinc(II), and iron(II) ions coordinated to this dipeptide. Different compounds were isolated in the solid state by adding stoichiometric amounts of metal salts to carnosine at controlled pH or under a controlled atmosphere, with the formation of mono-, bi- and polynuclear species. These complexes were subsequently characterized mainly by spectroscopic techniques (UV–Vis, IR, EPR), in addition to elemental analysis. A binuclear species was isolated with copper(II) and had its structure determined by X-ray diffraction, improving previously reported data in the literature. Two insoluble correlated trinuclear species were isolated with zinc(II) ions, using perchlorate or chloride as counter-ions. In the case of iron, a mononuclear species was verified with Fe(II) ions, obtained under an inert atmosphere. Further, the antioxidant properties of free carnosine and the copper–carnosine complex were verified by their scavenging activity toward the ABTS•+ radical, using Trolox as a reference, showing significant activity. The carnosine–metal complexes were also tested as potential antineoplastic agents, in comparison to the free ligand, after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C, using malignant HeLa, SKMEL 28 and SKMEL 147, and non-tumor fibroblast cells. Results indicated neglected or poor anti-proliferative properties of these metal complexes, when compared to other similar compounds described in the literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Structural Analysis and Biological Activity of Metal Complexes)
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37 pages, 4652 KB  
Article
Synthesis, Characterization, and Bioactivity of a Dioxime-Based Copper(II) Complex: SOD/Catalase Mimicry, DNA/HSA Binding, and In Silico Evaluation for Cuproptosis-Mediated Anticancer Activity
by Mortaga M. Abou-Krisha, Abd El-Motaleb M. Ramadan, Heba A. Sahyon and Ahmed M. Fathy
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030084 - 16 Mar 2026
Viewed by 448
Abstract
Cisplatin’s chemotherapy is hindered by drug resistance and toxicity, making copper complexes a potential alternative. A novel copper(II) complex, [CuLBr], was synthesized from a tetradentate vicinal dioxime ligand (H2L) and characterized. [CuLBr] features a distorted square pyramidal geometry with a CuN [...] Read more.
Cisplatin’s chemotherapy is hindered by drug resistance and toxicity, making copper complexes a potential alternative. A novel copper(II) complex, [CuLBr], was synthesized from a tetradentate vicinal dioxime ligand (H2L) and characterized. [CuLBr] features a distorted square pyramidal geometry with a CuN4Br chromophore. DFT calculations showed a narrowed HOMO-LUMO gap and increased electrophilicity, enhancing its chemical reactivity. [CuLBr] exhibited potent biomimetic catalytic activity, functioning as an efficient superoxide dismutase mimic and catalase mimic. Biophysical studies (UV-Vis, fluorescence, and viscosity) demonstrated a strong, spontaneous affinity of [CuLBr] for calf thymus DNA and Human Serum Albumin, suggesting groove-binding and static quenching mechanisms. In vitro assays revealed superior anticancer activity against HepG-2, HCT-116, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, with greater selectivity than the free ligand and doxorubicin. Molecular docking studies reveal a high binding affinity of [CuLBr] with key proteins, including ferredoxin-1 and VEGF. This may suggest potential dual mechanisms of action, involving the induction of cuproptosis and the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. These findings position [CuLBr] as an effective multi-metal-based anticancer agent with advantageous selectivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coordination and Organometallic Chemistry for Catalytic and Biomedical Applications)
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18 pages, 5539 KB  
Article
Oxidation Path and Protonation of [Fe2(CO)4(µ-edt){κ2-(R2PCH2)2NCH2Fc}] (R = Ph, Cy) Biomimetics of [FeFe]-hydrogenases Incorporating a Proton Relay and a Second Redox Center
by Georgia R. F. Orton, Martin Pižl, Sara Belazregue, Andrew J. Lake, Mark R. J. Elsegood, Jeremy K. Cockcroft, Martin B. Smith, František Hartl and Graeme Hogarth
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030083 - 16 Mar 2026
Viewed by 400
Abstract
While many [FeFe]-hydrogenase biomimetics are effective proton-reduction catalysts, few are active for H2 oxidation, and examples containing both a pendant amine group, able to act as a proton relay, and a second redox center, both essential features of the enzymes, are rare. [...] Read more.
While many [FeFe]-hydrogenase biomimetics are effective proton-reduction catalysts, few are active for H2 oxidation, and examples containing both a pendant amine group, able to act as a proton relay, and a second redox center, both essential features of the enzymes, are rare. Here we report the preparation and oxidation chemistry of two ferrocene-functionalized amino-diphosphines (PCNCP), (CH2PR2)2NCH2Fc (R = Ph (1), Cy (2)), and their ethylenedithiolate (edt) diiron complexes, [Fe2(CO)4(μ-edt){κ2-(R2PCH2)2NCH2Fc}] (R = Ph (3), Cy (4)). Their crystallographic characterization shows that PCNCP occupies an apical–basal position. CV responses are slightly R-dependent, showing for 3 and 4 in three separate oxidative processes assigned to successive one-electron oxidation of the diiron core (quasireversible), appended Fc (reversible), and the amine–diiron moiety (irreversible), as confirmed by IR and UV–Vis spectroelectrochemical studies supported by Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) calculations. The first oxidation results in a structural rearrangement of the Fe(PNP)(CO) unit and the formation of a semi-bridging carbonyl. Slow protonation of 3 with HBF4∙Et2O affords the corresponding N-protonated cation in acetone, whilst μ-hydride products dominate for both 3 and 4 in CD2Cl2. A preliminary H2 oxidation study was carried out with 3, and while there was some evidence of activity, it was much lower than reported for alkyl-functionalized PCNPC diiron derivatives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Iron Complexes as Models of [FeFe] Hydrogenases)
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20 pages, 3544 KB  
Article
Study on the Construction and Performance Measurement of Tm2FeSbO7/BiYO3 Heterojunction Photocatalyst and the Photocatalytic Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole in Pharmaceutical Wastewater Under Visible Light Irradiation
by Jingfei Luan, Yu Cao, Jian Wang, Liang Hao, Anan Liu and Hengchang Zeng
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030082 - 13 Mar 2026
Viewed by 380
Abstract
A novel catalyst, Tm2FeSbO7, was synthesized by employing the solid-phase high-temperature sintering method, and, for the first time, it was utilized to create a Z-type heterojunction with BiYO3. A direct Z-scheme Tm2FeSbO7/BiYO3 [...] Read more.
A novel catalyst, Tm2FeSbO7, was synthesized by employing the solid-phase high-temperature sintering method, and, for the first time, it was utilized to create a Z-type heterojunction with BiYO3. A direct Z-scheme Tm2FeSbO7/BiYO3 heterojunction photocatalyst (TBHP) was successfully produced by employing the ball-milling technique. X-ray diffraction analysis results indicated that Tm2FeSbO7 crystallized in a cubic pyrochlorestructure which owned the Fd-3m space group, with a unit cell parameter of 10.1769 Å, whereas BiYO3 displayed a fluorite structure in the Fm-3m space group, with a unit cell parameter of 5.4222 Å. The Mossbauer spectrum of Tm2FeSbO7 showed that Fe3+ ions might locate at octahedral sites. The measured bandgap widths for the TBHP, Tm2FeSbO7, and BiYO3 were 2.14 eV, 2.21 eV, and 2.30 eV, respectively. Multiple experimental results demonstrated that the TBHP exhibited a higher valence band ionization potential, a narrower band gap width, and a higher removal efficiency of the sulfamethoxazole (SMX) compared with the Dy2TmSbO7/BiHoO3 heterojunction photocatalyst. Under visible-light irradiation (VISLI) of 115 min, the TBHP showcased exceptional photocatalytic elimination performance; therefore, the elimination rate of the SMX and the total organic carbon (TOC) mineralization rate reached 99.51% and 98.10%, respectively. In contrast to single-component Tm2FeSbO7, BiYO3, or conventional nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO2) catalyst, the TBHP exhibited removal efficiency enhancement for degrading the SMX by 1.17 times, 1.31 times, or 4.06 times. Simultaneously, the matching mineralization rate for removing the TOC density by employing the TBHP was 1.20 times, 1.34 times, or 4.73 times higher than that by employing Tm2FeSbO7, BiYO3, or conventional N-TiO2. Above experimental results indicated that the mineralization efficiency for removing TOC density by employing the TBHP was higher than that by employing Tm2FeSbO7, BiYO3, or N-TiO2. Radicals trapping experiments and the electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy results revealed that hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, and photoinduced holes were the primary active species during the catalytic elimination course of the SMX by employing the TBHP under VISLI. The results demonstrated that the direct Z-scheme TBHP, which was developed in this study, exhibited the maximal removal efficiency for degrading the SMX in contrast to Tm2FeSbO7, BiYO3, or N-TiO2. Additionally, the possible elimination routes and elimination mechanisms of the SMX were proposed. Therefore, an important scientific foundation for developing high-performance heterojunction catalysts was established. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal-Based Photocatalysts: From Synthesis to Applications)
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15 pages, 1805 KB  
Article
Efficient Catalysis of Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters by Anilido-Oxazoline Iron(II) Chloride Complexes
by Yi Meng, Na Liu, Mingyang Hao, Peng Du, Xue-Zhi Song, Xia Li, Kaitao Zhang, Gangqiang Zhang and Yu Pan
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030081 - 13 Mar 2026
Viewed by 314
Abstract
Anilido-oxazoline iron(II) chloride complexes were synthesized and evaluated for their catalytic performance in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters. Complexes 1–5 were obtained via transmetalation of FeCl2(THF)1.5 and pyridine derivatives with in situ generated anilido-oxazoline lithium. They [...] Read more.
Anilido-oxazoline iron(II) chloride complexes were synthesized and evaluated for their catalytic performance in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters. Complexes 1–5 were obtained via transmetalation of FeCl2(THF)1.5 and pyridine derivatives with in situ generated anilido-oxazoline lithium. They exhibited excellent controllability and high initiating efficiency in the ROP of ε-caprolactone (CL). In the presence of benzyl alcohol as the initiator, these iron complexes efficiently catalyzed the ROP of CL, reaching a TOF of 3.2 × 103 h−1. High molecular weight polycaprolactone was obtained with a number-average molecular weight of 161.38 kg/mol. The chain initiation and propagation processes were investigated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and kinetic analyses. Kinetic studies confirmed a pseudo-first-order dependence of the polymerization rate on catalyst concentration. Furthermore, the iron(II) complexes were also found to be efficient catalysts for the ROP of δ-valerolactone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coordination and Organometallic Complexes for Catalytic Polymerization and Electrocatalytic Performance)
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16 pages, 2577 KB  
Article
Development of Modified Zeolites for Methane Separation from Diluted Streams
by Giulia De Felice, Devi Rejendran, Gaetano Anello, Negar Amani Tehrani and Fausto Gallucci
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030080 - 12 Mar 2026
Viewed by 414
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is the second-largest contributor to climate change after carbon dioxide (CO2) and has a global warming potential about 72 times greater than CO2 over a 20-year timescale. A possible solution to mitigate CH4 emissions from [...] Read more.
Methane (CH4) is the second-largest contributor to climate change after carbon dioxide (CO2) and has a global warming potential about 72 times greater than CO2 over a 20-year timescale. A possible solution to mitigate CH4 emissions from diluted sources is direct removal of CH4 through tailored sorbents. In this work, ion-exchanged zeolites have been investigated, owing to their low cost, excellent chemical stability, and ease of production. The impact of barium, lithium, and nickel exchange was investigated, along with one, three, and five ion-exchange sequences. XRD analysis confirmed that the structure remained intact after ion exchange. However, nitrogen physisorption revealed that nickel- and barium-exchanged zeolites had reduced pore volume and surface area compared to the parent zeolite, possibly due to mesopore formation from lattice strain relaxation. ICP-OES and SEM-EDX confirmed the successful incorporation of metals into the zeolite. Finally, breakthrough experiments were carried out to assess the saturation capacity of the synthesized sample. The results demonstrated that the lithium-exchanged samples provided the highest saturation capacity, namely 1.58 ± 0.05 mmol g−1 for the Li-13X-3 and 1.76 ± 0.07 mmol g−1 for the Li-SAPO34-5 over 10 adsorption cycles. Furthermore, the stability of the Li-SAPO34-5 was confirmed over 100 adsorption cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Materials)
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19 pages, 4198 KB  
Article
Influence of Surface Morphology of High-Carbon Steel on Roughness of Copper Coating Fabricated During Electrolysis of Aqueous KOH Solution with Copper Anode
by Svetlana V. Sidorova, Alexey D. Kouptsov, Anastasia A. Felde and Alexandre N. Zakharov
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030079 - 11 Mar 2026
Viewed by 293
Abstract
Electrodeposition of copper on the surface of the high-carbon steel (HCS) cathode was carried out in situ during the electrolysis of an aqueous KOH solution with a copper anode. A mechanism was proposed for the transfer of the copper from the anode to [...] Read more.
Electrodeposition of copper on the surface of the high-carbon steel (HCS) cathode was carried out in situ during the electrolysis of an aqueous KOH solution with a copper anode. A mechanism was proposed for the transfer of the copper from the anode to the cathode, followed by the formation of a copper film on the HCS. The surface roughness of the substrate and the copper coating was studied using AFM and profilographic data. There is a discrepancy between the roughness values of the substrate and coating obtained using different techniques. The surface morphology of the substrate was found to affect the copper film quality. The roughness of the copper coating calculated using AFM data replicated the roughness of the substrate surface. It was found that, despite some difference in the roughness calculated by profilographic and AFM data, the overall roughness trend remains unchanged. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structure and Component-Designed Functional Materials for Electrochemical Application)
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2 pages, 747 KB  
Correction
Correction: Blanco et al. Dual-Promoted Trimetallic CoMo-Ni/Al2O3-K2O Catalysts: Impact of K2O Doping on Guaiacol Hydrodeoxygenation Selectivity. Inorganics 2026, 14, 45
by Kenian L. Arévalo Blanco, Wilder S. Campo Baca and Esneyder Puello Polo
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030078 - 9 Mar 2026
Viewed by 245
Abstract
In the original publication [...] Full article
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13 pages, 3782 KB  
Article
A Self-Powered, High-Performance Photodetector Based on a g-C3N4/Textured Si n-n Heterojunction
by Xiwei Zhang, Junshuai Li, Jiale Sang, Jiabao Luo, Jiayi Shi, Huijuan Geng and Zhenjie Tang
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030077 - 6 Mar 2026
Viewed by 386
Abstract
g-C3N4 has emerged as a promising metal-free semiconductor for optoelectronic applications due to its suitable bandgap, excellent stability, and low cost. However, enhancing its photoresponse efficiency in practical devices remains a challenge. In this work, a high-performance self-powered photodetector was [...] Read more.
g-C3N4 has emerged as a promising metal-free semiconductor for optoelectronic applications due to its suitable bandgap, excellent stability, and low cost. However, enhancing its photoresponse efficiency in practical devices remains a challenge. In this work, a high-performance self-powered photodetector was developed using a g-C3N4/textured Si n-n heterojunction fabricated via a simple solution process. The device exhibits excellent diode characteristics with a rectification ratio of ~4.9 × 102 and an ideality factor of 1.41. It achieves broadband detection from 405 to 980 nm, a high responsivity of 3.2 A/W, a specific detectivity of 1.9 × 1014 Jones, and fast response speeds of 44/36 ms at 650 nm under zero bias. Significantly, the textured Si-based device shows approximately tenfold higher performance than its planar Si counterpart, owing to enhanced light absorption from the textured surface. The combination of excellent photoresponse and simple fabrication makes the g-C3N4/textured Si n-n heterojunction a promising candidate for low-cost, high-performance optoelectronic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Materials)
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13 pages, 3033 KB  
Article
Synergistic Enhancement of Structural and Thermal Properties in Samaria-Doped Zirconia (ZrO2-Sm2O3)
by Cristina Florentina Ciobota, Florentina-Gabriela Ioniță, Năstase-Dan Ciobota, Dumitru-Valentin Drăguț, Miruna-Adriana Ioța, Ioan-Albert Tudor, Ștefania Caramarin, Bogdan Florea and Dragos-Florin Marcu
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030076 - 6 Mar 2026
Viewed by 289
Abstract
The study investigates the structural and thermal properties of zirconia ceramics doped with Sm2O3. The powders were prepared via a mild hydrothermal synthesis route at a temperature of 200 °C, for 2 h with a pressure of 60–100 atm, [...] Read more.
The study investigates the structural and thermal properties of zirconia ceramics doped with Sm2O3. The powders were prepared via a mild hydrothermal synthesis route at a temperature of 200 °C, for 2 h with a pressure of 60–100 atm, starting from ZrO2-Sm2O3 compositions. Structural and physicochemical characterization was performed using XRD, SEM-EDAX, BET and FT-IR analyses after synthesis and subsequent heat treatments up to 1500 °C. The results indicate good thermal stability of the materials, while a single cubic phase is achieved after calcination at 1500 °C. The ceramics show low thermal conductivity (0.41 W·m−1·K−1), reduced heat capacity (0.26 J·g−1·K−1), and low thermal diffusivity (0.34 mm2·s−1), with all measured parameters lower than those commonly reported for conventional rare-earth-stabilized zirconia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Materials)
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6 pages, 194 KB  
Editorial
Metal Complexes Containing Bioactive Ligands: Structure and Biological Evaluation
by Dušan Dimić
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030075 - 5 Mar 2026
Viewed by 404
Abstract
Currently, the development of medicinal chemistry depends on naturally occurring scaffolds, as nearly 50% of FDA-approved compounds are related to compounds already present in nature [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes Containing Bioactive Ligands: Structure and Biological Evaluation)
14 pages, 3370 KB  
Article
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Potentially Topologically Non-Trivial Zintl Phases ACaBi (A = K, Rb, Cs)
by Alexander Selverian and Svilen Bobev
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030074 - 5 Mar 2026
Viewed by 690
Abstract
For the first time, the ternary Zintl phases RbCaBi and CsCaBi have been synthesized and structurally characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. These two compounds, alongside KCaBi, are confirmed to crystallize in a tetragonal crystal system with the space group P4/nmm [...] Read more.
For the first time, the ternary Zintl phases RbCaBi and CsCaBi have been synthesized and structurally characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. These two compounds, alongside KCaBi, are confirmed to crystallize in a tetragonal crystal system with the space group P4/nmm (no. 129) with two formula units per cell. The lattice constants increase monotonically from a = 5.3812(10) Å and c = 8.410(3) Å for KCaBi, to a = 5.4139(7) Å and c = 8.6180(17) Å for RbCaBi, and to a = 5.4709(11) Å and c = 8.914(3) Å for CsCaBi. The crystal structure can be visualized as an array of square prisms formed of Bi atoms, which are centered by alkali metal atoms, while the Ca atoms fill tetrahedra formed of Bi atoms. There are no direct Bi–Bi interactions in the crystal structure; therefore, with full cation ordering present, the chemical bonding in the ACaBi compounds can be rationalized within the fully ionic approximation as A+Ca2+Bi3− (A = K, Rb, Cs). This suggests the opening of an (narrow) energy gap between the valence and conduction bands, i.e., semiconducting behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry 2026)
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13 pages, 1524 KB  
Article
First-Principles Study of Two-Dimensional A2SnI4 (A = MA, DMA, GUA) Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites
by Baseerat Bibi, Zahra Karimi, Syed Hatim Shah, Fan Shen, Najm Us Sama, Linlin Guan, Jingjing Zhang, Jiale Lin and Zhu Liu
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030073 - 28 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 459
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) tin halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention as lead-free photovoltaic absorbers; however, the impact of organic A-site cations on their structure and pressure-dependent optoelectronic behavior remains underexplored. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) is used to investigate the [...] Read more.
Two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) tin halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention as lead-free photovoltaic absorbers; however, the impact of organic A-site cations on their structure and pressure-dependent optoelectronic behavior remains underexplored. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) is used to investigate the structural, electronic, and optical properties of A2SnI4 (A = GUA+, DMA+, MA+) under ambient conditions and under hydrostatic pressure. All three compounds adopt layered frameworks in which the organic cations occupy the interlayer region, while SnI6 octahedra form the inorganic slabs. Band-gap calculations are performed using HSE06 for ambient pressure, known for its accuracy in electronic structure predictions, and PBE for pressure simulations, due to its computational efficiency in large-scale systems. At ambient pressure, Hybrid-functional (HSE06) calculations indicate that all three materials are direct-gap semiconductors, with band gaps of 2.25 eV for MA2SnI4, 2.98 eV for DMA2SnI4, and 2.85 eV for GUA2SnI4. Under hydrostatic compression, DMA2SnI4 shows comparatively modest band-gap variation and saturates near 1.7 eV. In contrast, GUA2SnI4 and MA2SnI4 exhibit pronounced band-gap narrowing, including a pressure-induced direct-to-indirect transition near 2 GPa, with band gaps decreasing to 0.59 eV (GUA2SnI4) and 0.34 eV (MA2SnI4) at elevated pressures. Overall, these findings highlight that A-site chemistry, combined with hydrostatic pressure, enables tuning the electronic and optical responses in tin-based 2D RP perovskites, demonstrating their promise as tunable, lead-free photovoltaic absorbers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Materials)
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28 pages, 2040 KB  
Review
Research Progress on Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries
by Ran Li, Haiyang Pan, Mingze Zhang and Yanling Lv
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030072 - 27 Feb 2026
Viewed by 1235
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as an important complementary technology to lithium-ion batteries due to their abundant resources and low cost, demonstrating broad application prospects, especially in large-scale energy storage. As a core component of SIBs, the cathode material directly determines key performance [...] Read more.
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as an important complementary technology to lithium-ion batteries due to their abundant resources and low cost, demonstrating broad application prospects, especially in large-scale energy storage. As a core component of SIBs, the cathode material directly determines key performance indicators such as energy density, cycling stability, and rate capability. Currently, the main cathode material systems under extensive research include transition metal oxides, polyanionic compounds, and Prussian blue analogues (PBAs), each exhibiting distinct characteristics in terms of crystal structure and electrochemical performance. Transition metal oxides have attracted significant research interest owing to their high specific capacity, while polyanionic compounds are known for their excellent structural stability and operating voltage. PBAs, on the other hand, have gained considerable attention due to their open framework structure and simple synthesis process. In recent years, modification strategies such as nanostructure engineering, surface coating, and elemental doping have significantly enhanced the electrochemical performance of these cathode materials. Future research should focus on addressing critical scientific challenges, including low intrinsic electronic conductivity and poor interfacial stability, while also exploring novel composite cathode material systems to facilitate the practical application of sodium-ion batteries. Full article
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11 pages, 2042 KB  
Article
Enhanced Secondary Electron Emission from Strontium Titanate Films via High-Temperature Annealing
by Weiqiang Li, Dan Wang, Wei Zhao, Xiangping Zhu, Yongning He and Guohe Zhang
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030071 - 27 Feb 2026
Viewed by 341
Abstract
The versatile surface reconstruction mechanisms, tunable surface properties, and exceptional electron emission characteristics of SrTiO3 films have garnered significant research interest. In this study, SrTiO3 films were synthesized on n-Si(100) substrates via radio frequency magnetron sputtering. To evaluate the impact of [...] Read more.
The versatile surface reconstruction mechanisms, tunable surface properties, and exceptional electron emission characteristics of SrTiO3 films have garnered significant research interest. In this study, SrTiO3 films were synthesized on n-Si(100) substrates via radio frequency magnetron sputtering. To evaluate the impact of thermal annealing, the as-deposited films underwent post-deposition annealing in an oxygen ambient at 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C for a duration of 2 h each. The structural, chemical, and secondary electron emission (SEE) characteristics of the SrTiO3 films were characterized as a function of their high thermal process. Post-deposition annealing induced a significant improvement in crystallinity, which directly correlated with a heightened SEE yield (SEY). Furthermore, composition analysis revealed a marked stoichiometric reconfiguration at the surface, with the Sr:Ti:O ratio evolving from 1:0.32:1.14 to 1:0.22:0.94, suggesting a move toward an Sr-O terminated surface. The Sr-O terminated surface inherent to these SrTiO3 films promotes efficient electron escape due to its reduced work function. Following a 1000 °C annealing process, the peak SEY undergoes a significant shift from 2.11 to 2.76, representing a thermal optimization of the SEE performance by approximately 30.8%. High-temperature annealing enhances the SEE performance of SrTiO3 films, validating their significant potential for electron multiplication applications. This study provides a scalable pathway for developing highly efficient SEE materials with optimized crystalline and surface properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Perovskites)
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17 pages, 3178 KB  
Article
Triple Modification by g-C3N4 Induces Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of Bi2MoO6 for Efficient Visible-Light Water Treatment
by Qiuqin Wang, Jinlei Wang, Chao Feng, Jinlong Ge, Dazhang Wang, Dong Wang and Cuishuan Xu
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030070 - 27 Feb 2026
Viewed by 427
Abstract
The degradation of aquatic pollutants using eco-friendly and non-toxic photocatalytic materials is a pivotal strategy for water pollution remediation. However, single-component photocatalysts typically suffer from low photocatalytic efficiency due to limited light absorption spectra and rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. This study [...] Read more.
The degradation of aquatic pollutants using eco-friendly and non-toxic photocatalytic materials is a pivotal strategy for water pollution remediation. However, single-component photocatalysts typically suffer from low photocatalytic efficiency due to limited light absorption spectra and rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. This study reports a novel and facile one-step mixing strategy for realizing triple synergistic modifications: heterostructured composite construction, specific surface area regulation, and efficient photogenerated electron–hole pair separation of Bi2MoO6 (BMO) via composite enhancement with low-cost and intrinsically green g-C3N4 (CN), which avoids the high cost, complex processes, and potential pollution risks of precious metal/heavy metal modification for BMO. Under visible-light irradiation, the BMO composite modified with 15 wt% CN achieved a dye removal rate of 85.1% within 60 min, representing a 1.6-fold enhancement in photocatalytic performance compared with that achieved using pristine BMO. We further clarify the unique photocatalytic mechanism of the CN/BMO heterojunction via radical quenching experiments, identifying photogenerated holes (h+) and superoxide radicals (·O2−) as the dominant active species for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation. This study systematically demonstrates a scalable photocatalyst preparation method that integrates controllable specific surface area, rational heterostructure construction, and simple operation, and we provide an in-depth investigation into the photocatalytic reaction process and underlying synergistic enhancement mechanism. The proposed non-metallic modification route provides a new theoretical and experimental basis for the design of high-efficiency BMO-based photocatalysts, and the as-prepared CN/BMO composite holds great potential for practical application in sustainable solar-driven water purification. Full article
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17 pages, 3868 KB  
Article
One-Pot Synthesis of NiO-Doped Fe3O4/MgAl2O4 Nanocomposites for Effective Removal of Pharmaceutical Pollutants from Water
by Soad S. Alzahrani
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030069 - 27 Feb 2026
Viewed by 351
Abstract
The presence of antibiotics in aquatic systems presents significant ecological and health risks. Herein, Fe3O4/MgAl2O4 (MgFeAl-1), 2.5%NiO@Fe3O4/MgAl2O4 (MgFeAl-2), 5%NiO@Fe3O4/MgAl2O4 (MgFeAl-3), and 10%NiO@Fe [...] Read more.
The presence of antibiotics in aquatic systems presents significant ecological and health risks. Herein, Fe3O4/MgAl2O4 (MgFeAl-1), 2.5%NiO@Fe3O4/MgAl2O4 (MgFeAl-2), 5%NiO@Fe3O4/MgAl2O4 (MgFeAl-3), and 10%NiO@Fe3O4/MgAl2O4 (MgFeAl-4) were synthesized, selecting glucose as a capping agent, and 600 °C as calcination temperature. The TEM, EDX, BET, XRD, and FTIR techniques were employed to characterize the preidentified sorbents. The average size of MgFeAl-1, MgFeAl-2, MgFeAl-3, and MgFeAl-4 was about 6.53, 5.0, 7.61, and 10.52 nm, respectively, and they exhibited surface areas of 114.15, 154.02, 153.36, and 128.54 m2 g−1, respectively. The sorbents were tested for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CFCN) from aqueous solutions using the batch protocol. The MgFeAl-2 exhibited the highest performance, achieving an adsorption capacity of 99.45 mg g−1, and the sorption equilibrium was reached within 60 min. The pseudo-second-order model best described CFCN sorption onto MgFeAl-2, and liquid-film diffusion influenced CFCN sorption. The CFCN adsorption onto MgFeAl-2 was well represented by the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.93), indicating a monolayer adsorption. The thermodynamic results indicated a spontaneous, endothermic sorption process. A four-cycle MgFeAl-2 reusability study showed an average efficiency of 90%. Notably, MgFeAl-2 was effective in treating natural-water matrices, with a slight reduction in seawater due to ionic interference. The findings highlight the potential of MgFeAl-2 as an affordable and reusable adsorbent for removing antibiotics from contaminated water. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Materials)
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26 pages, 4495 KB  
Article
Understanding Electrochemical Interactions of Iodide and Chloride Species in LiCl-KCl Molten Salt
by Nikunja Shrestha, Kavindan Balakrishnan, Vivek Utgikar and Krishnan S. Raja
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030068 - 25 Feb 2026
Viewed by 450
Abstract
Iodine is produced through nuclear fission reactions in nuclear reactors. Understanding the electrochemistry of iodine species is crucial for reprocessing used nuclear fuels via molten salt electrolysis, deploying next-generation molten salt nuclear reactors, and developing iodide-based molten salt batteries. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was [...] Read more.
Iodine is produced through nuclear fission reactions in nuclear reactors. Understanding the electrochemistry of iodine species is crucial for reprocessing used nuclear fuels via molten salt electrolysis, deploying next-generation molten salt nuclear reactors, and developing iodide-based molten salt batteries. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was conducted in LiCl-KCl eutectic molten salts at 450, 500, and 550 °C, both with and without the addition of KI as an iodine source. Based on the CV results, the diffusivities of iodide and triiodide species, as well as the activation energies for diffusion, were determined. Additionally, formal potentials of various iodide and interhalogen complexes were derived, allowing for the calculation of the stability constants for halide exchange reactions. The diffusivities of iodide ranged from 0.14 to 6.9 × 10−7 cm2/s, while those of triiodide were roughly an order of magnitude lower. Increasing the KI content from 1 wt% to 5 wt% reduced the diffusion coefficient, whereas increasing temperature, as expected, boosted diffusivity. The activation energy for iodide diffusion in LiCl-KCl increased from 46.5 kJ/mol to 112 kJ/mol as KI concentration rose from 1 wt% to 5 wt%. Full article
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15 pages, 5620 KB  
Article
Study on Secondary Electron Emission from Silver Oxide Coatings and the Effect of Surface Oxidation on Changes in Secondary Electron Emission of Silver
by Yuqing Gu, Wei Fu, Juannan Li and Shiyu Gong
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030067 - 25 Feb 2026
Viewed by 335
Abstract
Metal surfaces exposed to air environments invariably undergo various surface modifications, altering their secondary electron emission coefficient (SEEC). However, the physical mechanisms underlying these surface modifications differ across metals, yielding distinct effects on SEEC. To investigate the SEEC properties of silver oxide and [...] Read more.
Metal surfaces exposed to air environments invariably undergo various surface modifications, altering their secondary electron emission coefficient (SEEC). However, the physical mechanisms underlying these surface modifications differ across metals, yielding distinct effects on SEEC. To investigate the SEEC properties of silver oxide and the impact of surface oxidation on the SEEC of silver, silver oxide and silver coatings were prepared by sputtering, followed by studies of their physical properties and SEEC. Results indicate that under conditions where preparation, storage, and testing were kept as consistent as possible, the SEEC of oxidized silver surfaces is not much different from that of silver-coated surfaces. The SEEC maximum values of silver oxide and silver coatings are 1.7 and 1.6, and the values decreased to 1.5 and 1.4 after ion-sputtering treatment. To validate the impact of surface oxidation on the SEEC of silver, various surface states were achieved on silver substrates. Elemental analysis revealed that vacuum heating effectively removes contaminants from silver coating surfaces, resulting in a significant reduction in SEEC values. Ion sputtering removed contaminants, etched the oxidation layer, and modified the morphology of the silver surface effectively. After 5 min of ion sputtering, the SEEC maximum of the original silver sample decreased from 2.6 to 1.73, and after 15 min of ion sputtering, it further decreased to 1.7. This result indicates that surface oxidation contributes minimally to the SEEC variation of silver exposed to air. The findings revealed in this work hold engineering significance for understanding alterations in the SEEC properties of silver surfaces under different surface conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electron Emission and Related Phenomena from Inorganic Compound Surfaces)
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19 pages, 4443 KB  
Review
Mechanistic Claims in Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis for Water Splitting: Evidence, Ambiguity, and Best-Practice Interpretation
by Angel A. J. Torriero
Inorganics 2026, 14(3), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14030066 - 25 Feb 2026
Viewed by 385
Abstract
Mechanistic interpretation in transition metal electrocatalysts for water splitting, particularly for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), remains challenging despite major advances in operando spectroscopy, isotope labelling, and electrochemical analysis. Mechanistic claims are frequently supported by incomplete or overinterpreted evidence, leading to persistent ambiguity [...] Read more.
Mechanistic interpretation in transition metal electrocatalysts for water splitting, particularly for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), remains challenging despite major advances in operando spectroscopy, isotope labelling, and electrochemical analysis. Mechanistic claims are frequently supported by incomplete or overinterpreted evidence, leading to persistent ambiguity in active site identification, rate-limiting step assignment, and pathway discrimination. This review adopts a claim-centric framework that organises experimental approaches around the specific mechanistic assertions they aim to support, rather than cataloguing catalyst classes or performance metrics, and formalises this perspective as a decision-guided framework for mechanistic validation. We critically assess how techniques such as isotope labelling, operando spectroscopy, and electrokinetic analysis can and cannot substantiate claims related to adsorbate-versus lattice-oxygen-mediated pathways, reconstruction-defined active phases, and dynamic surface behaviour. Application of this framework to common mechanistic archetypes in OER electrocatalysis shows that surface reconstruction and condition-dependent pathway switching limit static mechanistic assignments, and that single-technique interpretations are rarely definitive. By clarifying the minimum evidentiary standards required for common mechanistic claims, this review aims to promote more rigorous, transparent, and falsifiable mechanistic analysis, supporting durable progress beyond descriptor-driven correlations and isolated performance benchmarks. Full article
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