Influence of Selenium Biofortification on the Growth and Bioactive Metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents and Standards
2.2. Strain and Culture Conditions
2.3. Determination of Biomass, Residual Sugar, Polysaccharide Content
2.4. Ultra-Structural Analysis
2.5. Quantification of Nucleic Acid, Protein, Chitin, β-1,3-Glucan, and Ergosterol
2.6. Determination of Total Se Content and Selenoamino Acid Analysis
2.7. Volatile Se Compound Analysis
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Growth and Morphology of G. lucidum Cultured with Different Concentrations of Na2SeO3
3.2. Ultra-Structure Alterations
3.3. Changes in Mycelial Cell Chemical Composition
3.4. Volatile Se Compounds in G. lucidum
3.5. Bioactive Metabolites
3.5.1. Polysaccharide
3.5.2. Se Enrichment Capacity
3.5.3. Selenoamino Acids
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Se Compound | 50 ppm | ||
---|---|---|---|
Day 4 | Day 5 | Day 6 | |
Dimethyl selenide | 1.000 b | 1.748 ± 0.027 b | 1.634 ± 0.046 b |
Carbo selenide | ND | ND | 0.088 ± 0.006 a |
Dimethyl selenone | 0.053 ± 0.001 a | 0.115 ± 0.004 a | 0.170 ± 0.009 a |
Se Compound | 200 ppm | ||
Day 4 | Day 5 | Day 6 | |
Dimethyl selenide | 0.689 ± 0.097 a | 0.596 ± 0.007 a | 0.134 ± 0.017 a |
Carbo selenide | 0.765 ± 0.027 a | 0.681 ± 0.068 a | 0.245 ± 0.002 b |
Carbon diselenide | 9.467 ± 0.012 | 0.669 ± 0.071 | 0.313 ± 0.082 |
Methylselenoacetate | ND | 0.235 ± 0.005 | 0.052 ± 0.012 |
Dimethyl selenone | 0.132 ± 0.009 b | 4.092 ± 0.015 b | 4.990 ± 0.601 b |
Methyl diselenide | 0.538 ± 0.069 | 35.329 ± 0.032 | 44.242 ± 0.022 |
1-(methylselanyl)propan-2-one | 0.068 ± 0.008 | 0.108 ± 0.011 | 0.080 ± 0.015 |
Dimethyl selenodisulfide | ND | ND | 0.058 ± 0.006 |
Dimethyl diselenenyl_sulfide | 0.081 ± 0.002 | 6.925 ± 0.013 | 6.813 ± 0.068 |
Triselenothane | ND | 21.495 ± 0.053 | 31.129 ± 0.021 |
Bioactive Metabolites | Day 4 | Day 5 | Day 6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Polysaccharide (mg/L) | 0 ppm | 269.81 ± 16.81 a | 560.12 ± 14.67 b | 1253.42 ± 9.72 b |
50 ppm | 331.21 ± 3.89 b | 702.81 ± 25.68 c | 1365.97 ± 10.93 c | |
200 ppm | 262.23 ± 8.06 a | 340.93 ± 28.81 a | 259.11 ± 32.86 a | |
Se(total) (mg/kg) | 0 ppm | 2.92 ± 0.65 a | 3.31 ± 0.89 a | 2.86 ± 0.23 a |
50 ppm | 275.11 ± 27.39 b | 316.87 ± 30.45 a | 421.69 ± 29.07 a | |
200 ppm | 1398.41 ± 126.96c | 22,472.65 ± 1271.83 b | 41,574.27 ± 1933.50 b | |
SeCys2 (mg/kg) | 50 ppm | 55.37 ± 0.39 a | 82.85 ± 4.52 a | 92.01 ± 3.22 a |
SeMet (mg/kg) | 146.55 ± 7.47 a | 243.96 ± 9.31 a | 445.83 ± 30.95 a | |
MeSeCys (mg/kg) | 39.99 ± 0.42 a | 40.69 ± 0.57 a | 54.44 ± 1.25 a | |
SeCys2 (mg/kg) | 200 ppm | 237.84 ± 13.22 b | 177.23 ± 12.21 b | 160.99 ± 14.51 b |
SeMet (mg/kg) | 301.78. ± 10.41 b | 157.25 ± 8.66 b | 149.44 ± 29.16 b | |
MeSeCys (mg/kg) | 72.23 ± 5.07 b | 104.00 ± 5.11 b | 304.04 ± 30.71 b |
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Xu, M.; Zhu, S.; Wang, L.; Wei, Z.; Zhao, L.; Shi, G.; Ding, Z. Influence of Selenium Biofortification on the Growth and Bioactive Metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum. Foods 2021, 10, 1860. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081860
Xu M, Zhu S, Wang L, Wei Z, Zhao L, Shi G, Ding Z. Influence of Selenium Biofortification on the Growth and Bioactive Metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum. Foods. 2021; 10(8):1860. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081860
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Mengmeng, Song Zhu, Lingling Wang, Zhiyi Wei, Liting Zhao, Guiyang Shi, and Zhongyang Ding. 2021. "Influence of Selenium Biofortification on the Growth and Bioactive Metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum" Foods 10, no. 8: 1860. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081860