Natural Antimicrobials: A Clean Label Strategy to Improve the Shelf Life and Safety of Reformulated Meat Products
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Presence of Spoilage and Pathogenic Microorganisms in Meat Products
3. Natural Antimicrobial Agents and Their Effect on Meat Products
3.1. Organic Acids
3.2. Plant-Based Compounds
Plant Material | Bioactive Compounds | Antimicrobial Activity Spectrum | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Pomegranate peel (Extract) | Phenolic acids (caffeic, gallic, ellagic, or p-coumaric acids), flavonols (quercetin), flavonols, and anthocyanins | Salmonella spp, L. monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, S. aureus, or P. aeruginosa. | [81] |
Grape seed (Extract) | Hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, caffeic, ferulic, ellagic, ρ-coumaric, protocatechuic, caftaric, ρ-hydroxybenzoic, and syringic and gallic acids, resveratrol, flavan-3-ols, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, and procyanidins | B. cereus, B. coagulans, B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, B. thermosphacta, and P. aeruginosa. | [47] |
Green tea (Extract) | Epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate | C. jejuni, S. aureus, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. Typhimurium, V. parahaemolyticus, B. cereus, P. shigelloides, Cl. perfringens, and P. fluorescens. | [41] |
Olive leaf (Extract) | Oleuropein, oleuroside, demethyloleuropein, ligstroside, verbascoside, non-glycosidic secoiridoids, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, caffeic, ρ-coumaric, and vanillic acids, vanillin, luteolin, diosmetin, rutin, verbascoside, luteolin-7-glucoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, diosmetin-7-glucoside, rhamnetin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol, kaempferitrin, saponins, triterpenoids, tannins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, and terpenoids | S. aureus, C. jejuni, S. enterica, L. monocytogenes, P. aeruginosa, S. enteritidis, and L. monocytogenes. | [3,33,47,83] |
Roselle calyx (Extract) | Gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, and hydroxycinnamic acids | E. coli, S. enterica, S. typhimurium, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and B. cereus. | [53] |
Onion and garlic (Extracts) | Allylsulfide, diallilsusfide, alliin, propylsulfide, s-methyl-cysteine sulfoxide, S-methyl methanethiosulfonate, cycloallicin, catechins, gallic acid and its derivatives, and kaempferol derivatives | L. monocytogenes, S. enteritidis, E. coli, P. hauseri, and E. faecalis. | [3,86] |
Sage (Essential oil) | α-Thujone, camphor, and eucalyptol, viridiflorol, epirosmanol, β-thujone, borneol, bornyl acetate, trans-caryophyllene, and α-humulene | S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, and A. niger | [88,89] |
Thyme (Essential oil) | Thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, linalool, γ-terpinene, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpinene, β-myrcene, camphene, geraniol, borneol, α-terpineol, camphor, limonene, β-pinene, trans-caryophyllene, borneol, α-himachalene, γ-elemene, and sabinene | L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, E. coli, S. typhimurium, B. licheniformis, L. innocua, P. fluorescens, P. vulgaris, and P. putida. | [49,84,90,91] |
Cove (Essential oil) | Eugenol, eugenyl acetate, β-caryophyllene, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-phenol acetate, α-humulene, and α-caryophyllene | L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, E. coli, S Typhimurium, S. enterica, and C. jejuni. | [47,92] |
Lemongrass (Essential oil) | Citral, geranial, neral, myrcene, limonene, cosmene, o-cimene, α-terpinolene, verbenol, citronellal, linalool, cis-carveol, nerol, atrimesol, carveol, geranyl acetate, and caryophyllene | L. monocytogenes, Yersinia, E. coli, Staphylococcus spp., S. Typhimurium, L. plantarum, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, B. subtilis, E. faecalis, and E. aerogenes. | [93] |
3.3. Edible Films and Coatings
3.4. Bacteriocins
4. Final Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Organic Acid or Salt | Antimicrobial Activity Spectrum |
---|---|
Lactic acid | L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, E. faecalis, B. cereus, Salmonella spp., E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Proteus spp., C. albicans, S. cerevisiae, P. nordicum, P. purpurogenum, A. flavus, R. nigricans, Rhodotorula spp. |
Sodium lactate | Psychrotrophic bacteria, faecal streptococci, L. monocytogenes, Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, Salmonella spp. |
Potassium lactate | L. monocytogenes, E. coli, Salmonella spp. |
Citric acid | L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7, A. flavus, P. purpurogenum, R. nigricans, F. oxysporum, S. cerevisiae, Z. bailii. |
Acetic acid | L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, S. typhimurium, Enterobacteriaceae, P. nordicum, P. purpurogenum, A. flavus, R. nigricans, Fusarium spp. |
Propionic acid | L. monocytogenes, E. coli, Salmonella spp., Cl. perfringens, A. flavus, Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., R. nigricans. |
Tartaric acid | S. typhimurium, A. flavus, Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., R. nigricans. |
Formic acid | E. coli, Salmonella spp., Cl. perfringens, A. flavus, Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., R. nigricans. |
Sodium formate | Streptococcus spp., Cl. perfringens, E. coli, S. enterica typhimurium, C. jejuni. |
Benzoic acid | E. coli, L. monocytogenes. |
Succinic acid | S. typhimurium, E. coli, B. subtilis, S. suis. |
Sorbic acid | Fusarium spp., L. monocytogenes, E. coli |
Potassium sorbate | Fusarium spp., L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. |
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Santiesteban-López, N.A.; Gómez-Salazar, J.A.; Santos, E.M.; Campagnol, P.C.B.; Teixeira, A.; Lorenzo, J.M.; Sosa-Morales, M.E.; Domínguez, R. Natural Antimicrobials: A Clean Label Strategy to Improve the Shelf Life and Safety of Reformulated Meat Products. Foods 2022, 11, 2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11172613
Santiesteban-López NA, Gómez-Salazar JA, Santos EM, Campagnol PCB, Teixeira A, Lorenzo JM, Sosa-Morales ME, Domínguez R. Natural Antimicrobials: A Clean Label Strategy to Improve the Shelf Life and Safety of Reformulated Meat Products. Foods. 2022; 11(17):2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11172613
Chicago/Turabian StyleSantiesteban-López, Norma Angélica, Julián Andrés Gómez-Salazar, Eva M. Santos, Paulo C. B. Campagnol, Alfredo Teixeira, José M. Lorenzo, María Elena Sosa-Morales, and Rubén Domínguez. 2022. "Natural Antimicrobials: A Clean Label Strategy to Improve the Shelf Life and Safety of Reformulated Meat Products" Foods 11, no. 17: 2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11172613