Antifungal Activity of Menthol, Eugenol and Their Combination against Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus niger In Vitro and in Stored Cereals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals, Solvents and Culture Media
2.2. Fungal Strains
2.3. In Vitro Activity on Mycelial Growth
2.4. Spore Germination Assay
2.5. Fumigation in Stored Cereal Grains
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
Effects of Natural Antifungals on Mycelial Growth
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound | A. ochraceus | A. niger | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
EC50 | EC90 | EC50 | EC90 | |
Menthol | 250 | 463 | 270 | 476 |
Eugenol | 157 | 314 | 365 | 611 |
Mix 1:1 | 111 | 216 | 164 | 325 |
Cereal Grain | Level (µg/mL Air) | A. ochraceus (cfu × 103/g) | Level (µg/mL Air) | A. niger (cfu × 103/g) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | Treated | % Protection | Control | Treated | % Protection | |||
Maize | ||||||||
Menthol | 500 | 52 | 25 | 51.9 | 500 | 35 | 16 | 54.3 |
Eugenol | 400 | 52 | 20 | 61.5 | 600 | 35 | 17 | 51.4 |
Mix 1:1 | 300 | 52 | 17 | 67.3 | 400 | 35 | 13 | 62.9 |
Barley | ||||||||
Menthol | 500 | 70 | 31 | 55.7 | 500 | 43 | 19 | 55.8 |
Eugenol | 400 | 70 | 26 | 62.9 | 600 | 43 | 21 | 51.2 |
Mix 1:1 | 300 | 70 | 23 | 67.1 | 400 | 43 | 16 | 62.8 |
Rice | ||||||||
Menthol | 500 | 41 | 15 | 63.4 | 500 | 15 | 6 | 60.0 |
Eugenol | 400 | 41 | 12 | 70.7 | 600 | 15 | 7 | 53.3 |
Mix 1:1 | 300 | 41 | 10 | 75.6 | 400 | 15 | 4 | 73.3 |
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Ben Miri, Y.; Nouasri, A.; Herrera, M.; Djenane, D.; Ariño, A. Antifungal Activity of Menthol, Eugenol and Their Combination against Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus niger In Vitro and in Stored Cereals. Foods 2023, 12, 2108. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12112108
Ben Miri Y, Nouasri A, Herrera M, Djenane D, Ariño A. Antifungal Activity of Menthol, Eugenol and Their Combination against Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus niger In Vitro and in Stored Cereals. Foods. 2023; 12(11):2108. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12112108
Chicago/Turabian StyleBen Miri, Yamina, Ahmed Nouasri, Marta Herrera, Djamel Djenane, and Agustín Ariño. 2023. "Antifungal Activity of Menthol, Eugenol and Their Combination against Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus niger In Vitro and in Stored Cereals" Foods 12, no. 11: 2108. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12112108
APA StyleBen Miri, Y., Nouasri, A., Herrera, M., Djenane, D., & Ariño, A. (2023). Antifungal Activity of Menthol, Eugenol and Their Combination against Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus niger In Vitro and in Stored Cereals. Foods, 12(11), 2108. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12112108