Recent and Advanced DNA-Based Technologies for the Authentication of Probiotic, Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) Fermented Foods and Beverages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Based Technologies
2.2. PCR-Based Typing Methods and Whole Genome Sequencing
2.3. Real-Time PCR-Based Methods
2.4. DNA-Based Biosensors and Lab-on-a-Chip Devices
2.5. PCR-DGGE
2.6. Metagenetics and Metagenomics
3. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Target Gene | Product Encoded by the Gene | References |
---|---|---|---|
Streptococcus thermophylus | lacZ | Β-galactosidase enzyme | [21] |
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus | tuf 16S rRNA | elongation factor Tu 16S rRNA | [22] |
Levilactobacillus brevis | Gene encoding the aldo/keto reductase of the diketogulonate-reductase family of L. brevis | aldo/keto reductase of the diketogulonate-reductase family of L. brevis | [23] |
Weissella confusa | lepA gene | GTPbinding protein LepA (Elongation Factor 4) | [24] |
Lacticaseibacillus casei | 16S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | [25] |
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | |||
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus | |||
Lactobacillus helveticus | pepC pepN htrA | aminopeptidases C aminopeptidase N, trypsin-like serine protease | [26] |
Limosilactobacillus fermentum | 16S rRNA | Ribosomal RNA | [27] |
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lactiplantibacillus pentosus Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum | recA | RecA | [28] |
37 Lactobacillus species | 16S-23S rRNA gene | [29] | |
Leuconostoc (Ln.) mesenteroides, Ln. pseudomesenteroides, Ln. lactis and Ln. citreum | Hsp60 | [30] | |
Enterococcus (E.) faecalis, E. faecium, E. hirae, and E. casseliflavus | 58 specific molecular targets obtained by pan-genome analysis | [31] |
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Fusco, V.; Fanelli, F.; Chieffi, D. Recent and Advanced DNA-Based Technologies for the Authentication of Probiotic, Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) Fermented Foods and Beverages. Foods 2023, 12, 3782. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12203782
Fusco V, Fanelli F, Chieffi D. Recent and Advanced DNA-Based Technologies for the Authentication of Probiotic, Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) Fermented Foods and Beverages. Foods. 2023; 12(20):3782. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12203782
Chicago/Turabian StyleFusco, Vincenzina, Francesca Fanelli, and Daniele Chieffi. 2023. "Recent and Advanced DNA-Based Technologies for the Authentication of Probiotic, Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) Fermented Foods and Beverages" Foods 12, no. 20: 3782. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12203782