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10.3390/foods12071434
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Article

Phenolic Content and Bioactivity as Geographical Classifiers of Propolis from Stingless Bees in Southeastern Mexico

by
Jorge Carlos Ruiz Ruiz
1,*,
Neith Aracely Pacheco López
2,
Estephania Guadalupe Rejón Méndez
3,
Felipe Antonio Samos López
3,
Luis Medina Medina
3 and
José Javier G. Quezada-Euán
3
1
Escuela de Nutrición, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac-Mayab, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida a Progreso, Int. Km 2 Carretera a Chablekal, Mérida 97310, Yucatán, Mexico
2
Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Subsede Sureste, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, Km 5.5 Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Mérida 97302, Yucatán, Mexico
3
Departamento de Apicultura, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Mérida 97100, Yucatán, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2023, 12(7), 1434; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12071434
Submission received: 11 February 2023 / Revised: 24 March 2023 / Accepted: 26 March 2023 / Published: 28 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physicochemical and Functional Characterization of Food Phenolic Compounds)
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Abstract

Propolis collected by stingless bees is a valuable biocultural resource and a source of bioactive compounds. Methodologies to establish both the geographic origin and the potential pharmacological activity of propolis of stingless bees are required to regulate their sustainable use. The aim of this study was to classify Melipona beecheii propolis according to its phenolic compound content and potential pharmacological activity, using in vitro assays and statistical methodologies of multivariate analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. Propolis samples were collected from seven states in southeastern Mexico. Total phenolic content and flavonoids were determined spectrophotometrically, and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. Both total phenolic content and flavonoids, and in vitro bioactivity potential of propolis extracts showed significant variations. Multivariate analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal component analysis enabled us to distinguish and classify propolis produced by M. beecheii according to similarity in terms of total phenolic content, in vitro bioactivity potential, and geographical origin. This strategy could be used to establish regulations for sustainable use, marketing, and industrial applications.
Keywords: geographical; classification; stingless bees; propolis; phytochemicals; in vitro bioactivity potential geographical; classification; stingless bees; propolis; phytochemicals; in vitro bioactivity potential

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ruiz Ruiz, J.C.; Pacheco López, N.A.; Rejón Méndez, E.G.; Samos López, F.A.; Medina Medina, L.; Quezada-Euán, J.J.G. Phenolic Content and Bioactivity as Geographical Classifiers of Propolis from Stingless Bees in Southeastern Mexico. Foods 2023, 12, 1434. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12071434

AMA Style

Ruiz Ruiz JC, Pacheco López NA, Rejón Méndez EG, Samos López FA, Medina Medina L, Quezada-Euán JJG. Phenolic Content and Bioactivity as Geographical Classifiers of Propolis from Stingless Bees in Southeastern Mexico. Foods. 2023; 12(7):1434. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12071434

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ruiz Ruiz, Jorge Carlos, Neith Aracely Pacheco López, Estephania Guadalupe Rejón Méndez, Felipe Antonio Samos López, Luis Medina Medina, and José Javier G. Quezada-Euán. 2023. "Phenolic Content and Bioactivity as Geographical Classifiers of Propolis from Stingless Bees in Southeastern Mexico" Foods 12, no. 7: 1434. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12071434

APA Style

Ruiz Ruiz, J. C., Pacheco López, N. A., Rejón Méndez, E. G., Samos López, F. A., Medina Medina, L., & Quezada-Euán, J. J. G. (2023). Phenolic Content and Bioactivity as Geographical Classifiers of Propolis from Stingless Bees in Southeastern Mexico. Foods, 12(7), 1434. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12071434

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