Recent Advances of Natural Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Bioactive Delivery System for Synergetic Biological Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Distribution of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Nature
3. Biological Activities of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids
3.1. Anti-Tumor Activity
3.2. Hepatoprotective Activity
3.3. Glucose-Regulating Activity
3.4. Others
4. Self-Assembly and Co-Assembly Properties of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids
5. Applications of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Bioactive Delivery System
5.1. Directed Self-Assemblies
5.1.1. Oleanolic Acid
5.1.2. Ursolic Acid
5.1.3. Betulinic Acid
5.1.4. Betulonic Acid
5.1.5. Arjunolic Acid, Corosolic Acid and Maslinic Acid
5.2. Multi-Components Co-Assemblies
5.2.1. Oleanolic Acid-Glycyrrhetinic Acid/PTX
5.2.2. Carrier-Free Nanodelivery System
6. Conclusions and Further Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Carrier | Loaded Compounds | LC&EE | Interaction Forces | Physicochemical Properties | Functional Activities | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oleanolic acid | Car | 32.6 ± 0.0%; 80.7 ± 0.1%. | Hydrogen bonding; hydrophobic interactions. | Increased aqueous solubility and protection against UV radiation ionic strength, and heat. Delayed release in simulated gastric conditions and controlled release in simulated intestinal conditions. | Enhanced hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects. | [80] |
Oleanolic acid | PTX | 17.1 ± 0.0%; 62.6 ± 0.0%. | Hydrophobic interactions; hydrogen bonding. | Increased stability, slowed and sustained release under acidic conditions. | Tumor inhibition rate was 76.54 ± 0.66%, about 18% higher than that of PTX group. Reduced liver injury. | [81] |
Ursolic acid | PTX | 23.12 ± 1.07%; 94.41 ± 4.28%, | Hydrophobic interactions; hydrogen bonding. | More stable in PBS for at least 15 days, in serum for 24 h and also under acidic conditions. Controlled release after entering the cells. | Prolonged plasma half-life. Tumor inhibition rate was 90.2%, 3.3 times higher than that of PTX group. Reduced liver injury. | [82] |
Ursolic acid | Rho B/CF/DOX | Hydrogen bonding; Van der Waals interactions. | Controlled release of Rho B at physiological conditions. Slow release of DOX at physiological conditions and pH 6.6. | _ | [77] | |
Betulinic acid | Glyburide | _ | _ | Increase the delivery to the brain. Controllably released over three days. | Synergetic effects for ischemic stroke by antioxidant and anti-edema. | [23] |
Betulonic acid | PTX | _ | Hydrogen bonding; hydrophobic interaction. | Improved water solubility. More stable under acidic conditions. | Synergistic anti-tumor efficacy and minimize the side effects. | [83] |
Betulonic acid | Ce6 | _ | π-π stacking; hydrophobic interactions. | Excellent water dispersity. Keep stable in water, cell cultural medium and PBS buffer (pH 7.4). Have better photostability. | prolonged blood circulation. Synergistic anticancer efficacy. | [84] |
Arjunolic acid | Rho B/CF/DOX | Hydrogen bonding | Slow release of PTX at physiological pH (7.2). | _ | [85,86] | |
Corosolic acid | Rho B/CF/DOX | Hydrogen bonding; Van der Waals interactions. | Triton X-100-triggered release of Rho-B. | _ | [87,88] | |
Maslinic acid | Rho B/ CF/ DOX | Hydrogen bonding; lipophilic interactions. | Triton X-100-triggered release of DOX. | _ | [71] |
Carrier | Loaded Compounds | LC&EE | Interaction forces | Physicochemical Properties | Functional Activities | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oleanolic acid -glycyrrhetinic acid | PTX | 15.1 ± 0.4%, 98.8 ± 1.0% | Hydrogen bonding; hydrophobic interactions. | Stable under acidic conditions. Have good dispersion and chemical stability. | Tumor inhibition rate was 82.6%, 23.7% higher than the PTX group. Reduced liver damage and nanotoxicity. | [22] |
Glycyrrhetinic acid—oleanolic acid | - | Hydrogen bonding; hydrophobic interactions. | - | Tumor inhibition rate was Enhanced from 50.5% to 69.5%. Reliable biosafety. | [89] | |
Glycyrrhetinic acid-Liquidambaric acid | - | Hydrogen bonding; hydrophobic interactions. | - | Tumor inhibition rate was Enhanced from 37.3% to 82.9%. Reliable biosafety. | [89] | |
Ursolic acid -EGCG-aptamer | 73.6% | Hydrophobic interactions; hydrogen bonding. | pH-responsive, released rapidly in acid conditions. | Synergistic anticancer effect. Enhanced tumor immune infiltration. | [90] |
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Teng, W.; Zhou, Z.; Cao, J.; Guo, Q. Recent Advances of Natural Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Bioactive Delivery System for Synergetic Biological Applications. Foods 2024, 13, 2226. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13142226
Teng W, Zhou Z, Cao J, Guo Q. Recent Advances of Natural Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Bioactive Delivery System for Synergetic Biological Applications. Foods. 2024; 13(14):2226. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13142226
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeng, Wendi, Zixiao Zhou, Jinxuan Cao, and Qing Guo. 2024. "Recent Advances of Natural Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Bioactive Delivery System for Synergetic Biological Applications" Foods 13, no. 14: 2226. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13142226