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Volume 13
Issue 15
10.3390/foods13152377
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Combination of Standard Addition and Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry for the Accurate Determination of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Infant Formula

by
Vasilisa Pedan
1,
Rudolf Koehling
1,*,
Lukas Drexel
1,
Kathrin Breitruck
1,
Alexander Rueck
1,
Sascha Rohn
2,
Olaf Rienitz
3,
Axel Pramann
3,
Tim Seidel
1,
Eric Allenspach
1 and
Markus Obkircher
1
1
Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH (Subsidiary of Merck KGaA), Industriestrasse 25, 9471 Buchs, SG, Switzerland
2
Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
3
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2024, 13(15), 2377; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13152377
Submission received: 18 June 2024 / Revised: 19 July 2024 / Accepted: 23 July 2024 / Published: 27 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in Food Quality and Food Safety)
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Abstract

In the melamine scandals of the early 2000s, different companies of the dairy industry cheated their products by applying chemical substances to feign a higher content of nitrogen. However, this had a severe toxic impact on the kidney health of consumers. As a result, tremendous effort was put into the prevention of further harm to the public. In the present study, a fast−screening method for the determination of melamine and cyanuric acid in infant formula was developed. While a 1D−LC approach is faster and easier to set up, a 2D−LC approach allows for a more accurate result with better selectivity and sensitivity. For both instrumental approaches, the signal ratio of the isotopologues was crucial and had a dominant effect on the results and the measurement uncertainty. For this reason, the different contributions to the measurement uncertainty were determined experimentally using Matched Standard Addition−IDMS and compared to the Exact Matching Double IDMS.
Keywords: isotope dilution mass spectrometry; proficiency testing; infant formula; two−dimensional liquid chromatography; residues isotope dilution mass spectrometry; proficiency testing; infant formula; two−dimensional liquid chromatography; residues

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pedan, V.; Koehling, R.; Drexel, L.; Breitruck, K.; Rueck, A.; Rohn, S.; Rienitz, O.; Pramann, A.; Seidel, T.; Allenspach, E.; et al. Combination of Standard Addition and Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry for the Accurate Determination of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Infant Formula. Foods 2024, 13, 2377. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13152377

AMA Style

Pedan V, Koehling R, Drexel L, Breitruck K, Rueck A, Rohn S, Rienitz O, Pramann A, Seidel T, Allenspach E, et al. Combination of Standard Addition and Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry for the Accurate Determination of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Infant Formula. Foods. 2024; 13(15):2377. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13152377

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedan, Vasilisa, Rudolf Koehling, Lukas Drexel, Kathrin Breitruck, Alexander Rueck, Sascha Rohn, Olaf Rienitz, Axel Pramann, Tim Seidel, Eric Allenspach, and et al. 2024. "Combination of Standard Addition and Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry for the Accurate Determination of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Infant Formula" Foods 13, no. 15: 2377. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13152377

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