Physiological–Biochemical Characteristics and a Transcriptomic Profiling Analysis Reveal the Postharvest Wound Healing Mechanisms of Sweet Potatoes under Ascorbic Acid Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sweet Potato Roots
2.2. Artificial Wounding
2.3. AA Treatment and Wound Healing
2.4. Sampling
2.5. Determination of Weight Loss Rate
2.6. Determination of Disease Index
2.7. Determination of Firmness
2.8. Staining and Microscopy
2.9. Determination of Total Phenol, Total Flavonoid, and Lignin Contents
2.10. Determination of Individual Phenolic Acid and Lignin Monomer Contents
2.11. Determination of the Malondialdehyde (MDA) Content
2.12. Determination of the Permeability of Cell Membranes
2.13. Determination of PAL, C4H, 4CL, Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase (CAD), and POD Activities
2.14. RNA Sequencing
2.15. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR)
2.16. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Weight Loss Rate, Disease Index, Firmness, and Appearance Changes
3.2. The Accumulation of Lignin and SPP
3.3. Total Lignin, Phenol, and Flavonoid Contents
3.4. The Contents of Individual Phenolic Acids and Lignin Monomers
3.5. The Contents of MDA and the Permeability of Cell Membranes
3.6. The Activities of PAL, C4H, C4L, CAD, and POD
3.7. Analysis of Transcriptomic Data from Sweet Potato Wound Sites
3.7.1. Overview of the RNA Sequencing Data
3.7.2. Related Genes That Play a Role in Healing after AA Treatment
3.8. Analysis by qRT-PCR
3.9. Correlation Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Function | Annotation | Gene ID | Gene Expression (FPKM Value) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | AA | |||
Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan biosynthesis | 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase/shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH) | itf13g19040.t1 | 42.7 ± 5.4 | 75.6 ± 12.3 * |
phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase (trpF) | itf13g19040.t2 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.3 * | |
itf05g14750.t2 | 1.5 ± 1.7 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | ||
arogenate/prephenate dehydratase (ADT/PDT) | itf04g31570.t1 | 71.8 ± 19.3 | 126.6 ± 11.5 * | |
tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) | itf07g12100.t1 | 15.8 ± 2.8 | 25.9 ± 2.4 ** | |
itf02g12580.t1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 8.7 ± 5.1 * | ||
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis | phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) | itf06g07070.t1 | 110.8 ± 30.7 | 217.9 ± 58.4 * |
feruloyl-CoA 6-hydroxylase (F6H) | itf07g02770.t1 | 14.0 ± 4.6 | 39.8 ± 35.2 | |
itf14g07470.t1 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 4.8 ± 3.0 | ||
itf14g07440.t1 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 4.6 ± 2.2 | ||
itf14g07430.t1 | 1.7 ± 2.0 | 7.0 ± 1.5 * | ||
4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) | itf03g10110.t1 | 15.6 ± 1.9 | 25.4 ± 3.6 * | |
peroxidase (POD) | itf07g05260.t1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.2 * | |
itf14g19200.t1 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 5.7 ± 1.6 | ||
itf09g05830.t1 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.4 ** | ||
MAPK signaling pathway—plant | LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase FLS2 (FLS2) | itf10g03920.t1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.9 * |
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3) | itf02g25910.t7 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | |
transmembrane protein 222 (TMEM222) | itf06g10170.t3 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.5 ± 0.4 | |
ethylene receptor (ETR, ERS) | itf13g20890.t4 | 16.0 ± 5.2 | 35.4 ± 7.9 * | |
itf04g07670.t1 | 5.6 ± 2.5 | 12.4 ± 2.2 * | ||
itf03g16670.t1 | 12.3 ± 0.7 | 19.3 ± 5.0 | ||
itf04g24110.t1 | 30.9 ± 8.2 | 59.8 ± 15.9 * | ||
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 9 (MKK9) | itf04g16830.t1 | 85.6 ± 21.7 | 139.5 ± 19.3 * | |
EIN3-binding F-box protein (EBF1_2) | itf03g20590.t1 | 26.8 ± 6.7 | 59.2 ± 6.4 ** | |
itf03g20570.t1 | 110.3 ± 21.8 | 225.3 ± 11.3 ** | ||
itf15g19520.t1 | 77.9 ± 15.0 | 132.9 ± 22.7 * | ||
itf13g01870.t1 | 33.5 ± 14.5 | 90.7 ± 24.3 * | ||
ethylene-responsive transcription factor 1 (ERF1) | itf13g14940.t1 | 91.1 ± 49.6 | 184.8 ± 36.1 | |
itf13g21010.t1 | 109.6 ± 60.7 | 249.6 ± 81.4 | ||
itf14g18080.t1 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 2.4 | ||
itf04g07800.t1 | 5.5 ± 2.6 | 13.1 ± 5.2 | ||
5′-3′ exoribonuclease 2 (XRN2, RAT1) | itf02g03750.t3 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.2 |
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Xuan, H.; Cheng, J.; Pang, L.; Yin, L.; Guan, Y.; Cheng, J.; Lu, X.; Lu, G. Physiological–Biochemical Characteristics and a Transcriptomic Profiling Analysis Reveal the Postharvest Wound Healing Mechanisms of Sweet Potatoes under Ascorbic Acid Treatment. Foods 2024, 13, 2569. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13162569
Xuan H, Cheng J, Pang L, Yin L, Guan Y, Cheng J, Lu X, Lu G. Physiological–Biochemical Characteristics and a Transcriptomic Profiling Analysis Reveal the Postharvest Wound Healing Mechanisms of Sweet Potatoes under Ascorbic Acid Treatment. Foods. 2024; 13(16):2569. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13162569
Chicago/Turabian StyleXuan, Hongxia, Jiyu Cheng, Linjiang Pang, Liqing Yin, Yuge Guan, Junfeng Cheng, Xinghua Lu, and Guoquan Lu. 2024. "Physiological–Biochemical Characteristics and a Transcriptomic Profiling Analysis Reveal the Postharvest Wound Healing Mechanisms of Sweet Potatoes under Ascorbic Acid Treatment" Foods 13, no. 16: 2569. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13162569