Association between Gut Microbiota Profiles, Dietary Intake, and Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Obese Women
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
2.2. Anthropometric and Blood Pressure Measurement
2.3. Dietary Intake Assessment
2.4. Biochemical Analyses
2.5. DNA Extraction, Sequencing, and Microbiome Data Analyses
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Characteristics of Study Participants
3.2. Comparison of Nutrient Intake in the Overweight or Obese and Healthy Groups
3.3. Association between Inflammatory Markers and Clinical, Biochemical, and Dietary Variables
3.4. Alpha and Beta Diversity
3.5. Differences in Bacterial Composition between the Overweight or Obese and Healthy Groups
3.6. Associations between Anthropometric, Biochemical, Inflammatory, and Dietary Parameters and the Gut Microbiota (at the Genus Level)
3.7. Functional Differences of Gut Microbiota in the Healthy and Overweight or Obese Groups
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Healthy Group (n = 20) | Overweight/Obese Group (n = 75) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, year | 38.00 (35.00–50.00) | 41.00 (35.00–50.00) | 0.024 |
BMI kg/m2 | 21.10 (19.10–22.80) | 27.30 (23.10–42.00) | 0.000 |
Waist circumference, cm | 75.01 (63.50–89.50) | 92.00 (74.20–116.40) | 0.000 |
Hip circumference, cm | 94.50 (87.00–101.10) | 106.03 (93.20–132.70) | 0.000 |
Waist–hip ratio | 0.80 (0.72–0.89) | 0.86 (0.76–0.98) | 0.000 |
Fat mass, kg | 15.05 (10.10–18.10) | 26.45 (18.80–58.10) | 0.000 |
Body fat, % | 28.20 (22.30–31.40) | 38.14 (31.30–56.80) | 0.001 |
SBP, mmHg | 115.00 (104.00–128.00) | 133.00 (102.00–165.00) | 0.002 |
DBP, mmHg | 71.00 (59.00–82.00) | 82.00 (69.00–120.00) | 0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 188.00 (142.00–204.00) | 231.00 (151.00–307.00) | 0.024 |
Triglyceride, mg/dL | 75.04 (50.32–142.32) | 121.06 (66.36–232.19) | 0.005 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 128.32 (67.01–123.54) | 153.29 (96.87–232.56) | 0.002 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 65.02 (45.67–84.14) | 52.47 (32.51–97.26) | 0.000 |
FPG, mg/dL | 82.09 (69.18–95.28) | 103.47 (72.00–168.44) | 0.003 |
HbA1C, % | 5.10 (4.60–5.70) | 8.50 (4.70–8.69) | 0.000 |
Insulin, µU/mL | 4.40 (3.20–9.10) | 8.45 (3.70–36.10) | 0.000 |
HOMA-IR | 0.54 (0.39–0.94) | 1.11 (0.56–3.51) | 0.001 |
BUN, | 9.90 (6.60–16.60) | 10.65 (7.00–15.70) | 0.891 |
Creatinine, | 0.69 (0.51–0.89) | 0.69 (0.44–0.98) | 0.534 |
AST | 23.00 (16.00–28.00) | 22.00 (14.00–58.00) | 0.402 |
ALT | 15.00 (7.00–26.00) | 21.00 (7.00–65.00) | 0.000 |
hs-CRP, mg/L | 0.57 (0.40–3.48) | 3.37 (0.48–11.24) | 0.000 |
IL-6, pg/mL | 2.74 (2.51–3.66) | 4.69 (4.03–6.04) | 0.000 |
TNF-alpha, pg/mL | 11.34 (10.20–14.15) | 15.55 (13.94–19.31) | 0.000 |
Healthy Group (n = 20) | Overweight /Obese Group (n = 75) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Total calories, kcal | 1531.00 (1179.00–1979.00) | 1417.00 (623.00–2298.00) | 0.563 |
Carbohydrate, g | 175.00 (153.00–250.00) | 205.34 (127.00–375.00) | 0.005 |
Energy from carbohydrates (%) | 35.04 (23.04–69.06) | 52.33 (26.32–69.39) | 0.000 |
Protein, g/day | 54.34 (31.64–100.63) | 66.37 (24.60–144.33) | 0.058 |
Energy from protein (%) | 14.72 (8.71–33.32) | 18.72 (9.05–28.33) | 0.028 |
Protein—Animal, g | 35.21 (23.79–85.78) | 53.67 (22.00–117.90) | 0.008 |
Protein—Vegetable, g | 16.40 (10.85–23.73) | 12.16 (10.04–96.55) | 0.103 |
Fat, g | 78.77 (34.69–102.24) | 49.28 (24.60–144.33) | 0.001 |
Energy from fat (%) | 43.53 (21.69–50.56) | 29.08 (17.65–50.46) | 0.000 |
Cholesterol, mg | 228.00 (48.00–773.00) | 339.00 (56.00–1630.00) | 0.000 |
Fiber, g | 10.38 (5.78–39.29) | 11.16 (5.18–35.40) | 0.579 |
Calcium, mg | 225.00 (138.00–665.00) | 324.00 (142.00–956.00) | 0.005 |
Phosphorus, mg | 628.00 (465.00–1070.00) | 584.00 (481.00–1123.00) | 0.963 |
Iron, mg | 9.15 (5.02–38.00) | 11.08 (5.02–55.13) | 0.279 |
Iron—Animal, mg | 2.61 (2.01–11.17) | 4.45 (2.05–27.07) | 0.044 |
Iron—Vegetable, mg | 5.00 (2.13–8.61) | 5.08 (1.70–53.28) | 0.263 |
Potassium, mg | 1611.00 (525.00–3177.00) | 1773.00 (819.00–3539.00) | 0.588 |
Sodium, mg | 1946.00 (1379.00–3979.00) | 2445.00 (1202.00–4119.00) | 0.021 |
Copper, mg | 0.70 (0.42–1.70) | 0.74 (0.42–4.68) | 0.266 |
Magnesium, mg | 95.14 (12.98–259.83) | 43.71 (10.80–165.50) | 0.013 |
Selenium, mcg | 37.57 (10.32–61.56) | 31.37 (5.01–120.72) | 0.544 |
Zinc, mg | 2.69 (2.02–8.10) | 4.51 (2.13–8.28) | 0.037 |
Vitamin A, RAE | 301.00 (262.00–1923.00) | 321.00 (210.00–3437.00) | 0.137 |
Retinol, µg | 140.00 (88.00–1887.00) | 240.00 (29.00–2967.00) | 0.088 |
Beta-Carotene, µg | 1826.00 (252.00–4372.00) | 530.00 (141.00–3787.00) | 0.038 |
Thiamin-B1, mg | 1.38 (1.02–1.99) | 1.19 (1.09–14.72) | 0.335 |
Riboflavin-B2, mg | 0.93 (0.71–3.42) | 1.17 (0.58–8.36) | 0.051 |
Vitamin-B6, mg | 0.78 (0.16–1.13) | 0.53 (0.14–1.19) | 0.087 |
Niacin, mg | 13.31 (7.37–18.42) | 11.26 (5.77–28.32) | 0.66 |
Vitamin-B12, µg | 0.59 (0.40–3.21) | 0.83 (0.14–19.94) | 0.877 |
Vitamin C, mg | 65.12 (14.46–450.65) | 62.09 (9.59–488.22) | 0.686 |
Vitamin E, mg | 0.87 (0.39–32.14) | 1.19 (0.38–6.84) | 0.074 |
Variable | hs-CRP | IL-6 | TNF-α | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | p-Value | r | p-Value | r | p-Value | |
Age | 0.142 | 0.183 | 0.128 | 0.268 | 0.192 | 0.085 |
SBP (mmHg) | 0.350 | 0.001 | 0.335 | 0.003 | 0.250 | 0.025 |
DBP (mmHg) | 0.249 | 0.018 | 0.358 | 0.001 | 0.264 | 0.018 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.632 | 0.000 | 0.467 | 0.000 | 0.402 | 0.000 |
WC (cm) | 0.548 | 0.000 | 0.377 | 0.001 | 0.376 | 0.001 |
HC (cm) | 0.575 | 0.000 | 0.434 | 0.000 | 0.422 | 0.000 |
Waist–hip ratio | 0.306 | 0.003 | 0.142 | 0.216 | 0.166 | 0.140 |
Fat (%) | 0.638 | 0.000 | 0.526 | 0.000 | 0.476 | 0.000 |
Fat mass(kg) | 0.613 | 0.000 | 0.459 | 0.000 | 0.395 | 0.000 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 0.252 | 0.017 | 0.222 | 0.052 | 0.288 | 0.009 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 0.306 | 0.004 | 0.205 | 0.077 | 0.253 | 0.023 |
HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL) | −0.410 | 0.000 | −0.203 | 0.076 | −0.124 | 0.271 |
LDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 0.418 | 0.000 | 0.289 | 0.011 | 0.249 | 0.025 |
FPG (mg/dL) | 0.275 | 0.010 | 0.064 | 0.582 | 0.091 | 0.426 |
HbA1C (%) | 0.132 | 0.218 | 0.090 | 0.438 | 0.174 | 0.121 |
Insulin (uU/mL) | 0.451 | 0.000 | 0.360 | 0.001 | 0.240 | 0.033 |
HOMA-IR | 0.348 | 0.001 | 0.304 | 0.008 | 0.244 | 0.029 |
AST (U/L) | 0.338 | 0.001 | 0.055 | 0.635 | 0.107 | 0.210 |
ALT (U/L) | 0.462 | 0.000 | 0.156 | 0.179 | 0.195 | 0.083 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | −0.095 | 0.378 | −0.021 | 0.859 | 0.059 | 0.598 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 0.049 | 0.647 | −0.010 | 0.931 | −0.052 | 0.642 |
Total calories, kcal | 0.388 | 0.000 | 0.058 | 0.622 | 0.098 | 0.386 |
Carbohydrate, g/day | 0.124 | 0.667 | 0.109 | 0.486 | 0.108 | 0.342 |
Energy from carbohydrates (%) | 0.097 | 0.215 | 0.118 | 0.078 | 0.098 | 0.094 |
Protein, g/day | −0.026 | 0.811 | −0.075 | 0.521 | 0.109 | 0.336 |
Energy from protein (%) | 0.121 | 0.081 | 0.109 | 0.124 | 0.209 | 0.106 |
Fat, g/day | 0.248 | 0.020 | 0.210 | 0.069 | 0.173 | 0.125 |
Energy from fat (%) | 0.368 | 0.014 | 0.249 | 0.006 | 0.261 | 0.029 |
Cholesterol, mg | 0.317 | 0.007 | 0.127 | 0.097 | 0.171 | 0.109 |
Phylum | Healthy (%) | Overweight/Obese (%) | p-Value | q-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Firmicutes | 55.60 | 52.50 | 0.2938 | 0.4433 |
Bacteroidota | 22.40 | 34.60 | 9.17 × 10−5 | 0.0004 |
Actinobacteriota | 17.00 | 7.30 | 1.64 × 10−5 | 0.0001 |
Proteobacteria | 3.50 | 3.80 | 0.2855 | 0.4433 |
Verrucomicrobiota | 0.70 | 0.20 | 0.0528 | 0.1585 |
Fusobacteriota | 0.60 | 1.30 | 0.3210 | 0.4433 |
Desulfobacterota | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.8802 | 0.8802 |
F–B ratio | 2.80 | 1.96 | 0.0351 | 0.0012 |
Genus | Phylum | Log2FC | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
More prevalent in healthy subjects | |||
Acidaminococcus | Firmicutes | −4.040 | 0.017 |
Coprobacillus | Firmicutes | −3.400 | 0.039 |
Lactobacillus | Firmicutes | −2.650 | 0.000 |
CAG_352 | Firmicutes | −1.880 | 0.000 |
Bifidobacterium | Actinomycetota | −1.500 | 0.003 |
Akkermansia | Verrucomicrobiota | −1.450 | 0.000 |
Collinsella | Actinomycetota | −0.605 | 0.037 |
Megasphaera | Firmicutes | −0.442 | 0.000 |
Senegalimassilia | Actinomycetota | −0.402 | 0.000 |
Eubacterium_ruminantium_group | Firmicutes | −0.398 | 0.000 |
Faecalibacterium | Firmicutes | −0.056 | 0.000 |
More prevalent in overweight/obese subjects | |||
Megamonas | Firmicutes | 0.213 | 0.000 |
Sutterella | Pseudomonadota | 0.305 | 0.000 |
Dialister | Firmicutes | 0.356 | 0.000 |
Holdemanella | Firmicutes | 0.454 | 0.000 |
Lachnospiraceae_UCG_008 | Firmicutes | 0.459 | 0.000 |
Butyricicoccus | Firmicutes | 0.517 | 0.015 |
Bacteroides | Bacteroidota | 0.636 | 0.007 |
Prevotella | Bacteroidota | 0.898 | 0.000 |
Lachnospiraceae_UCG_004 | Firmicutes | 1.040 | 0.001 |
Lachnoclostridium | Firmicutes | 1.330 | 0.000 |
Sellimonas | Firmicutes | 1.490 | 0.000 |
Lactococcus | Firmicutes | 1.800 | 0.025 |
Ruminococcus_gnavus_group | Firmicutes | 2.100 | 0.030 |
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Chansa, O.; Shantavasinkul, P.C.; Monsuwan, W.; Sirivarasai, J. Association between Gut Microbiota Profiles, Dietary Intake, and Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Obese Women. Foods 2024, 13, 2592. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13162592
Chansa O, Shantavasinkul PC, Monsuwan W, Sirivarasai J. Association between Gut Microbiota Profiles, Dietary Intake, and Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Obese Women. Foods. 2024; 13(16):2592. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13162592
Chicago/Turabian StyleChansa, Orada, Prapimporn Chattranukulchai Shantavasinkul, Wutarak Monsuwan, and Jintana Sirivarasai. 2024. "Association between Gut Microbiota Profiles, Dietary Intake, and Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Obese Women" Foods 13, no. 16: 2592. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13162592