Bioaccessibility of Mineral Nutrients in Plain Green Spanish-Style Manzanilla Table Olives Packaged in Nutrient Salt Mixtures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.2. Physicochemical Analysis of Brines and Fruits
2.3. In Vitro Digestion of Olives
2.3.1. Miller’s Protocol
2.3.2. Crews’ Protocol
2.3.3. Post-Digestion Re-Extractions
2.4. Wet Mineralisation
2.5. Mineral Analysis
2.6. Mineral Recovery and Bioaccessibility Estimation
2.7. Mineral Nutrient Bioaccessibility, Recovery, and RDI Contribution According to Chloride Salt Mixtures
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Assays for Adapting Mineral Bioaccessibility Protocols to Green Table Olives
3.2. Mineral Content in the Pulp of Green Spanish-Style Table Olives Packaged in Chloride Salt Mixtures
3.3. Bioaccessibility of Mineral Nutrients in Green Spanish-Style Table Olives Packaged with Chloride Salt Mixtures
3.3.1. Mineral Concentrations in Different Fractions after In Vitro Digestion
3.3.2. Mineral Nutrient Bioaccessibility after In Vitro Digestion
3.3.3. Bioaccessibility and Nutritional Labelling of Minerals
- Model parameters: significant, p < 0.0001; lack of fit, p = 0.04508; precision, 53
- Amount bioac. (mg/100 g pulp)
- Contribution to RDI (%) =
- Model parameters: significant, p < 0.0001; lack of fit, p = 0.4508; precision, 53
- Amount bioac. (mg/100 g pulp)
- Contribution to RDI (%) =
- Model parameters: significant, p < 0.0001; lack of fit, p = 0.2158; precision, 95.16
- Amount bioac. (mg/100 g pulp) =
- Contribution to RDI (%) =
3.3.4. Comparison between Usual Mineral Nutrition Labelling and that Based on Bioaccessibility
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Run | [NaCl] (g/L) | [KCl] (g/L) | [CaCl2] (g/L) | [MgCl2] (g/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 25 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
2 | 25 | 15.0 | 10.0 | 0.0 |
3 | 25 | 15.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 |
4 | 25 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
5 | 25 | 10.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 |
6 | 25 | 15.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
7 | 25 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 |
8 | 25 | 15.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 |
9 | 25 | 15.0 | 10.0 | 0.0 |
10 | 25 | 13.3 | 3.3 | 8.3 |
11 | 25 | 13.3 | 8.3 | 3.3 |
12 | 25 | 11.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 |
13 | 25 | 10.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 |
14 | 25 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 5.0 |
Control | 50 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Run | Fraction | [Na] mg/kg | [K] mg/kg | [Ca] mg/kg | [Mg] mg/kg | [P] mg/kg | Average Weight (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Raw material | 6301.01 (21.64) | 1571.64 (10.02) | 4611.70 (3.80) | 1570.25 (1.12) | 59.25 (0.62) | 2.0022 (0.0012) |
Supernatant | 1176.90 (5.43) | 108.02 (0.37) | 62.86 (0.11) | 86.18 (0.15) | 16.64 (1.40) | 33.2526 (0.3170) | |
Solid residue | 245.58 (9.32) | 23.69 (0.95) | 2876.60 (192.76) | 151.89 (10.59) | 26.88 (0.06) | 2.6554 (0.3630) | |
Blank | 1041.36 (5.21) | 21.57 (0.02) | 1.94 (0.02) | 4.62 (0.02) | 23.47 (0.11) | 26.3000 (N/A) | |
2 | Raw material | 6398.18 (32.66) | 5003.36 (4.47) | 4583.18 (4.49) | 39.12 (1.15) | 65.12 (0.52) | 2.0212 (0.0004) |
Supernatant | 1374.04 (3.58) | 311.67 (1.17) | 63.50 (0.17) | 5.27 (0.01) | 27.44 (0.52) | 33.9886 (0.0093) | |
Solid residue | 413.22 (21.52) | 107.45 (1.63) | 3188.23 (64.31) | 8.22 (0.06) | 26.63 (0.06) | 2.2075 (0.0042) | |
Blank | 1304.64 (1.80) | 18.67 (0.11) | 2.39 (0.01) | 4.04 (0.01) | 22.97 (0.06) | 26.5800 (N/A) | |
3 | Raw material | 6503.01 (35.57) | 5152.03 (11.76) | 603.05 (3.21) | 1556.03 (1.77) | 62.17 (0.76) | 2.0200 (0.0024) |
Supernatant | 1200.95 (4.08) | 325.18 (0.98) | 10.24 (0.07) | 78.10 (0.13) | 19.05 (0.37) | 32.8539 (0.2814) | |
Solid residue | 397.38 (2.69) | 117.23 (2.31) | 369.08 (6.79) | 216.90 (6.32) | 23.33 (0.03) | 2.6643 (0.1004) | |
Blank | 1030.14 (1.18) | 20.21 (0.13) | 3.10 (0.05) | 3.73 (0.01) | 23.34 (0.11) | 26.1800 (N/A) | |
4 | Raw material | 6512.51 (37.01) | 1662.35 (6.28) | 4664.07 (21.43) | 1546.07 (19.54) | 60.40 (0.35) | 2.0093 (0.0050) |
Supernatant | 1171.50 (3.45) | 107.88 (0.14) | 60.14 (0.67) | 82.31 (0.22) | 22.82 (0.60) | 33.5133 (0.1219) | |
Solid residue | 304.18 (0.69) | 40.02 (0.62) | 3327.88 (111.28) | 172.19 (2.42) | 25.32 (0.12) | 2.1750 (0.1122) | |
Blank | 1024.19 (0.85) | 13.18 (0.09) | 1.83 (0.01) | 2.80 (0.01) | 21.84 (0.03) | 26.0900 (N/A) | |
5 | Raw material | 6561.75 (17.38) | 3555.06 (21.64) | 2744.65 (13.28) | 1637.96 (5.26) | 67.29 (0.21) | 2.200 (0.0039) |
Supernatant | 1205.01 (1.13) | 227.20 (0.46) | 45.86 (0.74) | 88.14 (0.17) | 27.69 (0.32) | 33.6827 (0.0696) | |
Solid residue | 323.78 (9.94) | 71.87 (2.04) | 1899.09 (58.47) | 169.77 (5.34) | 26.61 (0.16) | 2.0818 (0.0774) | |
Blank | 1057.39 (1.55) | 20.38 (0.09) | 1.95 (0.01) | 4.05 (0.02) | 23.18 (0.05) | 26.3700 (N/A) | |
6 | Raw material | 6519.45 (21.43) | 5066.09 (9.03) | 2689.18 (26.97) | 777.18 (2.04) | 58.76 (0.34) | 2.0106 (0.0004) |
Supernatant | 1202.62 (1.70) | 309.97 (1.07) | 33.84 (0.14) | 42.56 (0.08) | 22.47 (0.47) | 33.5629 (0.0913) | |
Solid residue | 296.74 (6.34) | 107.36 (2.26) | 1957.48 (34.97) | 87.33 (3.60) | 26.22 (0.05) | 2.1235 (0.0664) | |
Blank | 1058.73 (3.16) | 20.65 (0.09) | 1.43 (0.01) | 3.85 (0.03) | 22.63 (0.01) | 26.2800 (N/A) | |
7 | Raw material | 6451.19 (11.12) | 2855.42 (6.25) | 4064.94 (20.22) | 1376.66 (5.95) | 65.38 (0.68) | 2.0080 (0.0017) |
Supernatant | 1146.92 (1.29) | 176.27 (1.13) | 59.51 (0.36) | 73.47 (0.25) | 28.58 (1.07) | 33.6337 (0.1532) | |
Solid residue | 293.33 (18.86) | 71.77 (7.11) | 3010.75 (116.49) | 161.11 (10.98) | 26.13 (0.01) | 1.9928 (0.1410) | |
Blank | 996.4 (3.07) | 18.21 (0.04) | 2.06 (0.04) | 3.45 (0.03) | 22.43 (0.02) | 26.0000 (N/A) | |
8 | Raw material | 6523.22 (10.66) | 5058.85 (7.89) | 577.51 (2.67) | 1573.89 (5.00) | 58.53 (0.63) | 2.0219 (0.0014) |
Supernatant | 1203.53 (2.85) | 310.61 (0.81) | 11.24 (0.03) | 79.98 (0.61) | 16.36 (0.10) | 32.9357 (0.1282) | |
Solid residue | 263.17 (3.05) | 91.07 (1.65) | 313.04 (4.29) | 195.00 (2.67) | 26.60 (0.02) | 2.8663 (0.0731) | |
Blank | 1028.28 (1.97) | 21.51 (0.15) | 2.75 (0.03) | 3.56 (0.01) | 23.47 (0.03) | 26.3900 (N/A) | |
9 | Raw material | 6623.26 (13.64) | 5085.61 (17.09) | 4729.36 (20.19) | 54.89 (0.34) | 60.02 (1.17) | 2.0240 (0.0116) |
Supernatant | 1271.71 (2.05) | 312.50 (3.15) | 67.49 (1.60) | 5.62 (0.01) | 21.77 (0.61) | 33.3218 (0.0891) | |
Solid residue | 365.01 (6.17) | 111.28 (3.01) | 2920.10 (64.53) | 10.54 (0.25) | 25.86 (0.02) | 2.4397 (0.1109) | |
Blank | 1133.50 (1.64) | 19.56 (0.21) | 1.42 (0.04) | 3.76 (0.01) | 22.37 (0.02) | 26.1800 (N/A) | |
10 | Raw material | 6627.00 (14.15) | 4404.56 (14.10) | 1973.31 (16.19) | 1353.52 (6.19) | 60.70 (0.05) | 2.0226 (0.0068) |
Supernatant | 1307.83 (1.58) | 268.08 (0.27) | 33.49 (0.75) | 72.87 (0.09) | 24.86 (0.80) | 33.5741 (0.0680) | |
Solid residue | 306.94 (12.54) | 81.97 (0.40) | 1393.45 (70.29) | 154.66 (2.87) | 27.11 (0.14) | 2.0773 (0.1266) | |
Blank | 1176.56 (0.92) | 20.92 (0.04) | 1.80 (0.13) | 4.26 (0.01) | 23.37 (0.02) | 26.3000 (N/A) | |
11 | Raw material | 6603.18 (5.35) | 4576.45 (30.24) | 3963.80 (12.62) | 591.53 (1.25) | 64.11 (1.75) | 2.0351 (0.0108) |
Supernatant | 1322.01 (3.50) | 286.46 (1.69) | 58.48 (0.07) | 35.21 (0.18) | 24.78 (0.55) | 33.9115 (0.0661) | |
Solid residue | 324.45 (4.62) | 77.77 (6.02) | 2734.00 (44.97) | 59.19 (0.42) | 25.87 (0.05) | 2.1344 (0.0662) | |
Blank | 1199.41 (3.96) | 17.77 (0.11) | 1.32 (0.07) | 3.83 (0.01) | 22.50 (0.01) | 26.5400 (N/A) | |
12 | Raw material | 6590.92 (19.17) | 4040.13 (9.20) | 3337.39 (5.87) | 1107.05 (0.28) | 63.02 (1.58) | 2.0208 (0.0059) |
Supernatant | 1198.58 (2.47) | 253.07 (1.10) | 39.46 (0.24) | 62.21 (0.18) | 22.21 (1.38) | 33.7144 (0.0372) | |
Solid residue | 338.31 (13.78) | 83.60 (1.98) | 2373.68 (106.55) | 114.34 (0.87) | 26.41 (0.03) | 2.2251 (0.2039) | |
Blank | 1066.51 (12.72) | 18.81 (0.02) | 1.06 (0.01) | 3.59 (0.01) | 22.63 (0.02) | 26.0000 (N/A) | |
13 | Raw material | 6565.79 (12.91) | 3355.81 (17.26) | 2616.61 (4.02) | 1577.68 (9.46) | 65.10 (1.22) | 2.0210 (0.0020) |
Supernatant | 1265.22 (1.90) | 215.17 (1.02) | 38.12 (0.76) | 88.68 (0.45) | 25.77 (1.54) | 33.7465 (0.2227) | |
Solid residue | 389.06 (8.62) | 65.56 (1.14) | 1858.10 (102.53) | 134.39 (5.93) | 26.30 (0.09) | 2.2600 (0.2403) | |
Blank | 1144.76 (3.77) | 21.33 (0.07) | 2.77 (0.10) | 3.74 (0.01) | 22.69 (0.09) | 26.2200 (N/A) | |
14 | Raw material | 6610.83 (15.63) | 3381.24 (13.83) | 4661.51 (15.06) | 801.43 (3.06) | 64.73 (0.96) | 2.0159 (0.0078) |
Supernatant | 1298.13 (8.16) | 217.14 (0.59) | 64.76 (0.33) | 45.99 (0.21) | 22.71 (1.10) | 33.2502 (0.1086) | |
Solid residue | 244.24 (8.16) | 54.51 (1.52) | 3016.58 (84.48) | 64.92 (2.72) | 25.79 (0.06) | 2.4151 (0.1632) | |
Blank | 1143.04 (1.46) | 21.09 (0.06) | 2.46 (0.03) | 3.66 (0.03) | 22.77 (0.06) | 26.2800 (N/A) | |
Control | Raw material | 13590.21 (97.57) | 99.49 (1.53) | 608.58 (5.07) | 49.46 (0.10) | 68.35 (0.89) | 2.0080 (0.0037) |
Supernatant | 1626.03 (2.73) | 21.56 (0.01) | 10.79 (0.13) | 5.20 (0.01) | 25.04 (1.00) | 33.6133 (0.0306) | |
Solid residue | 453.52 (12.34) | 4.50 (0.13) | 411.69 (15.88) | 9.60 (0.16) | 27.15 (0.02) | 2.2144 (0.1392) | |
Blank | 1076.39 (5.52) | 20.31 (0.10) | 1.49 (0.01) | 3.61 (0.01) | 23.47 (0.05) | 25.9800 (N/A) |
Run | Na (S) | Na (SR) | Na (TR) | K (S) | K (SR) | K (TR) | Ca (S) | Ca (SR) | Ca (TR) | Mg (S) | Mg (SR) | Mg (TR) | P (S) | P (SR) | P (TR) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 93.06 (0.49) | 5.09 (0.25) | 98.16 (0.42) | 96.12 (0.77) | 1.96 (0.05) | 98.08 (0.73) | 22.08 (0.08) | 79.70 (0.52) | 101.79 (0.55) | 87.29 (0.57) | 12.34 (0.08) | 99.63 (0.64) | 61.78 (0.60) | 35.65 (0.81) | 97.43 (0.62) |
2 | 92.97 (0.59) | 7.01 (0.27) | 99.98 (0.67) | 99.83 (0.36) | 2.34 (0.02) | 102.17 (0.37) | 22.61 (0.03) | 75.80 (0.39) | 98.41 (0.42) | 78.38 (0.65) | 22.93 (0.29) | 101.32 (0.68) | 55.44 (0.33) | 45.93 (0.48) | 101.36 (0.39) |
3 | 95.03 (0.41) | 8.05 (0.12) | 103.08 (0.35) | 97.58 (0.70) | 3.01 (0.11) | 100.59 (0.60) | 20.38 (0.23) | 80.51 (0.38) | 100.89 (0.37) | 78.53 (0.48) | 18.42 (0.78) | 96.96 (0.35) | 61.46 (0.77) | 40.36 (0.73) | 101.82 (0.71) |
4 | 95.83 (1.06) | 5.06 (0.13) | 100.88 (0.98) | 97.95 (0.29) | 2.61 (0.09) | 100.56 (0.22) | 21.00 (0.29) | 76.71 (0.56) | 97.71 (0.66) | 86.46 (0.44) | 12.03 (0.25) | 98.49 (0.19) | 58.73 (0.86) | 40.72 (0.63) | 99.45 (0.59) |
5 | 95.85 (0.35) | 5.06 (0.08) | 100.91 (0.41) | 99.08 (0.17) | 2.08 (0.03) | 101.16 (0.19) | 26.93 (0.47) | 70.99 (0.82) | 97.92 (0.43) | 86.50 (0.22) | 10.64 (0.17) | 97.14 (0.25) | 57.66 (1.25) | 42.44 (1.11) | 100.09 (0.67) |
6 | 95.66 (0.19) | 4.80 (0.09) | 100.46 (0.21) | 96.81 (0.32) | 2.23 (0.02) | 99.04 (0.33) | 20.31 (0.11) | 76.71 (0.26) | 97.02 (0.20) | 84.94 (0.20) | 11.81 (0.32) | 96.75 (0.17) | 59.44 (0.62) | 40.31 (0.53) | 99.76 (0.86) |
7 | 97.87 (0.58) | 4.43 (0.12) | 102.30 (0.65) | 95.13 (0.45) | 2.43 (0.15) | 97.56 (0.42) | 23.86 (0.16) | 72.72 (0.46) | 96.58 (0.32) | 86.15 (0.39) | 11.41 (0.40) | 97.56 (0.35) | 57.29 (1.02) | 42.93 (0.36) | 100.22 (1.24) |
8 | 94.79 (0.63) | 5.72 (0.07) | 100.51 (0.57) | 94.47 (0.23) | 2.55 (0.05) | 97.02 (0.22) | 25.50 (0.13) | 76.76 (0.56) | 102.25 (0.64) | 79.82 (0.56) | 17.54 (0.10) | 97.36 (0.58) | 59.78 (1.36) | 39.62 (0.46) | 99.40 (0.94) |
9 | 94.73 (0.37) | 6.62 (0.04) | 101.36 (0.40) | 96.17 (0.76) | 2.63 (0.05) | 98.80 (0.73) | 23.09 (0.50) | 74.14 (0.50) | 97.23 (0.39) | 80.01 (0.20) | 23.05 (0.18) | 103.06 (0.34) | 56.30 (1.30) | 43.51 (0.33) | 99.81 (1.14) |
10 | 96.84 (0.38) | 4.79 (0.32) | 101.62 (0.25) | 94.85 (0.22) | 1.91 (0.07) | 96.76 (0.16) | 26.97 (0.58) | 71.67 (1.49) | 98.65 (0.93) | 85.28 (0.27) | 11.69 (0.21) | 96.97 (0.20) | 58.24 (0.53) | 41.73 (0.23) | 99.97 (0.56) |
11 | 96.73 (0.67) | 5.15 (0.03) | 101.87 (0.66) | 99.24 (0.63) | 1.77 (0.13) | 101.02 (0.57) | 24.15 (0.04) | 72.20 (0.19) | 96.35 (0.18) | 90.74 (0.68) | 10.49 (0.12) | 101.22 (0.77) | 58.66 (0.70) | 40.44 (0.35) | 99.10 (0.65) |
12 | 95.68 (0.48) | 5.74 (0.43) | 101.41 (0.39) | 99.01 (0.43) | 2.30 (0.14) | 101.31 (0.56) | 19.41 (0.10) | 77.42 (0.26) | 96.83 (0.28) | 90.02 (0.18) | 11.29 (0.14) | 101.31 (0.13) | 60.13 (0.96) | 38.17 (0.71) | 98.30 (0.62) |
13 | 95.56 (0.77) | 6.57 (0.22) | 102.13 (0.56) | 98.81 (0.38) | 2.17 (0.08) | 100.98 (0.36) | 22.94 (0.40) | 77.57 (0.81) | 100.50 (0.52) | 90.77 (0.28) | 9.35 (0.05) | 100.11 (0.31) | 57.96 (0.68) | 43.17 (0.71) | 101.13 (0.30) |
14 | 98.47 (0.22) | 4.40 (0.12) | 102.87 (0.28) | 97.80 (0.55) | 1.92 (0.07) | 99.73 (0.57) | 22.23 (0.16) | 76.96 (0.85) | 99.19 (0.71) | 88.70 (0.35) | 9.60 (0.11) | 98.29 (0.39) | 60.91 (0.58) | 41.49 (0.63) | 102.40 (0.66) |
Control | 97.81 (0.44) | 3.70 (0.20) | 101.51 (0.28) | 98.66 (0.24) | 5.02 (0.30) | 103.68 (0.26) | 26.52 (0.39) | 73.89 (0.56) | 100.40 (0.77) | 81.48 (0.29) | 21.37 (0.67) | 102.85 (0.49) | 60.77 (1.21) | 40.01 (0.50) | 100.79 (1.11) |
Design Run | Comparison between Analytical and Bioaccessible K Content | Comparison between Analytical and Bioaccessible Ca Content | Comparison between Analytical and Bioaccessible Mg Content | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anal. Content | Bioac. Content | Anal. Content | Bioac. Content | Label. Differences | Anal. Content | Bioac. Content | Label. Differences | |||||||||
Amount | RDI (%) | Amount | RDI (%) | Amount | RDI (%) | Amount | RDI (%) | Amount | Percentage | Amount | RDI (%) | Amount | RDI (%) | Amount | Percentage | |
1 | 157.164 (1.002) | 7.85 (0.07) | 151.1 (1.2) | 7.55 (0.06) | 461.170 (0.380) | 57.64 (0.03) | 101.8 (0.4) | 12.73 (0.04) | 359.370 | 77.93 | 157.025 (0.112) | 41.87 (0.01) | 137.1 (0.9) | 36.55 (0.24) | 19.93 | 12.69 |
2 | 500.336 (0.447) | 25.02 (0.03) | 499.5 (1.8) | 24.97 (0.09) | 458.318 (0.449) | 57.89 (0.03) | 103.6 (0.2) | 12.95 (0.02) | 354.718 | 77.40 | 3.912 (0.115) | 1.04 (0.01) | 3.1 (<0.1) | 0.82 (<0.01) | 0.81 | 20.76 |
3 | 515.203 (1.176) | 25.76 (0.08) | 502.7 (3.6) | 25.14 (0.18) | 60.305 (0.321) | 7.54 (0.02) | 12.3 (0.1) | 1.54 (0.02) | 48.005 | 79.60 | 155.603 (0.177) | 41.49 (0.02) | 122.2 (0.7) | 32.59 (0.20) | 33.43 | 21.48 |
4 | 166.235 (0.628) | 8.312 (0.04) | 162.8 (0.5) | 8.14 (0.02) | 466.407 (2.143) | 58.30 (0.14) | 98.0 (1.3) | 12.25 (0.17) | 368.407 | 78.99 | 154.607 (1.954) | 41.23 (0.13) | 133.7 (0.7) | 35.64 (0.18) | 20.91 | 13.52 |
5 | 355.506 (2.164) | 17.78 (0.14) | 352.2 (0.6) | 17.61 (0.03) | 274.465 (1.328) | 34.31 (0.09) | 73.9 (1.3) | 9.24 (0.16) | 200.565 | 73.07 | 163.796 (0.526) | 43.68 (0.04) | 141.7 (0.4) | 37.78 (0.10) | 22.07 | 13.47 |
6 | 506.609 (0.903) | 25.33 (0.06) | 490.4 (1.6) | 24.52 (0.08) | 268.918 (2.697) | 33.61 (0.18) | 54.6 (0.3) | 6.83 (0.04) | 214.318 | 79.70 | 77.718 (0.204) | 20.72 (0.01) | 66.0 (0.2) | 17.60 (0.04) | 11.72 | 15.08 |
7 | 285.542 (0.625) | 14.28 (0.04) | 271.6 (1.3) | 13.58 (0.06) | 406.494 (2.022) | 50.81 (0.13) | 97.0 (0.7) | 12.13 (0.08) | 309.494 | 76.14 | 137.666 (0.595) | 36.71 (0.04) | 118.6 (0.5) | 31.62 (0.14) | 19.07 | 13.85 |
8 | 505.885 (0.789) | 25.29 (0.05) | 477.9 (1.1) | 23.89 (0.06) | 57.751 (0.267) | 7.22 (0.02) | 14.7 (0.1) | 1.84 (0.01) | 43.051 | 74.55 | 157.389 (0.500) | 41.97 (0.03) | 125.6 (0.9) | 33.50 (0.23) | 31.79 | 20.20 |
9 | 508.561 (1.709) | 25.43 (0.11) | 489.1 (3.8) | 24.45 (0.19) | 472.936 (2.019) | 59.12 (0.13) | 109.2 (2.4) | 13.65 (0.30) | 363.736 | 76.91 | 5.489 (0.034) | 1.46 (<0.01) | 4.4 (<0.1) | 1.17 (<0.01) | 1.09 | 19.84 |
10 | 440.456 (1.410) | 22.02 (0.09) | 417.8 (1.0) | 20.89 (0.05) | 197.331 (1.619) | 24.67 (0.11) | 53.2 (1.1) | 6.65 (0.14) | 144.131 | 73.04 | 135.352 (0.619) | 36.09 (0.04) | 115.4 (0.4) | 30.78 (0.10) | 19.95 | 14.74 |
11 | 457.645 (3.024) | 22.88 (0.20) | 454.2 (2.9) | 22.71 (0.14) | 396.380 (1.262) | 49.55 (0.08) | 95.7 (0.2) | 11.97 (0.02) | 300.680 | 75.86 | 59.153 (0.125) | 15.77 (<0.01) | 53.7 (0.4) | 14.31 (0.11) | 5.45 | 9.22 |
12 | 404.013 (0.920) | 20.20 (0.06) | 400.0 (1.8) | 20.00 (0.09) | 333.739 (0.587) | 41.72 (0.04) | 64.8 (0.3) | 8.10 (0.04) | 268.939 | 80.58 | 110.705 (0.028) | 29.52 (<0.01) | 99.7 (0.2) | 26.58 (0.05) | 11.01 | 9.94 |
13 | 335.581 (1.726) | 16.78 (0.12) | 331.6 (1.3) | 16.60 (0.06) | 261.661 (0.402) | 32.71 (0.03) | 60.0 (1.0) | 7.50 (0.13) | 201.661 | 77.37 | 157.768 (0.946) | 42.07 (0.06) | 143.2 (0.4) | 38.19 (0.12) | 14.57 | 9.23 |
14 | 338.124 (1.383) | 16.91 (0.09) | 330.7 (1.9) | 16.53 (0.09) | 466.151 (1.506) | 58.27 (0.10) | 103.6 (0.7) | 12.95 (0.10) | 362.551 | 77.78 | 80.143 (0.306) | 21.37 (0.02) | 71.1 (0.3) | 18.96 (0.07) | 9.05 | 11.29 |
Control | 9.949 (0.153) | 0.50 (0.01) | 9.8 (<0.1) | 0.49 (<0.01) | 60.858 (0.507) | 7.61 (0.03) | 16.1 (0.2) | 2.02 (0.03) | 44.758 | 73.54 | 4.946 (0.010) | 1.32 (<0.01) | 4.0 (<0.1) | 1.07 (<0.01) | 0.95 | 19.13 |
Design Run | Comparison between Analytical and Bioaccessible Na Content | Comparison between Analytical and Bioaccessible P Content | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Analytical Content | Bioaccessible Content | Analytical Content | Bioaccessible Content | |||||
Amount | RDI (%) | Amount | RDI (%) | Amount | RDI (%) | Amount | RDI (%) | |
1 | 630.10 (2.16) | 26.25 (0.66) | 586.4 (3.1) | 25.50 (0.13) | 5.925 (0.062) | 0.85 (<0.01) | 3.67 (0.04) | 0.52 (<0.01) |
2 | 639.82 (3.27 | 26.66 (0.13) | 594.8 (3.8) | 25.86 (0.16) | 6.512 (0.052) | 0.93 (<0.01) | 3.61 (0.02) | 0.52 (<0.01) |
3 | 650.301 (3.557) | 27.10 (0.20) | 618.0 (2.7) | 26.87 (0.12) | 6.217 (0.076) | 0.89 (<0.01) | 3.82 (0.05) | 0.55 (0.01) |
4 | 651.251 (3.701) | 27.14 (0.27) | 624.1 (6.9) | 27.13 (0.30) | 6.040 (0.035) | 0.86 (<0.01) | 3.55 (0.05) | 0.51 (0.01) |
5 | 656.175 (1.738) | 27.34(0.33) | 628.9 (2.3) | 27.35 (0.10) | 6.729 (0.021) | 0.96 (<0.01) | 3.88 (0.08) | 0.55 (0.01) |
6 | 651.945 (2.143) | 27.16 (0.40) | 623.7 (1.2) | 27.12 (0.05) | 5.876 (0.034) | 0.84 (<0.01) | 3.49 (0.04) | 0.50 (0.01) |
7 | 645.119 (1.112) | 26.89 (0.47) | 631.4 (3.7) | 27.45 (0.16) | 6.538 (0.068) | 0.93 (<0.01) | 3.75 (0.07) | 0.54 (0.01) |
8 | 652.322 (1.066) | 27.18 (0.53) | 618.4 (4.1) | 26.88 (0.18) | 5.853 (0.063) | 0.84 (<0.01) | 3.50 (0.08) | 0.50 (0.01) |
9 | 662.326 (1.364) | 27.60 (0.60) | 627.4 (2.4) | 27.28 (0.11) | 6.002 (0.117) | 0.86 (<0.01) | 3.38 (0.08) | 0.48 (0.01) |
10 | 662.700 (1.415) | 27.61 (0.68) | 641.7 (2.5) | 27.90 (0.11) | 6.070 (0.005) | 0.87 (<0.01) | 3.54 (0.04) | 0.51 (<0.01) |
11 | 660.318 (0.535) | 27.51 (0.73) | 638.7 (4.4) | 27.77 (0.19) | 6.411 (0.175) | 0.92 (0.01) | 3.76 (0.04) | 0.54 (0.01) |
12 | 659.092 (1.917) | 27.46 (0.80) | 630.6 (3.2) | 27.42 (0.14) | 6.302 (0.158) | 0.90 (0.01) | 3.79 (0.06) | 0.54 (0.01) |
13 | 656.579 (1.291) | 27.36 (0.87) | 627.4 (5.0) | 27.28 (0.22) | 6.510 (0.122) | 0.93 (0.01) | 3.77 (0.04) | 0.54 (0.01) |
14 | 661.083 (1.563) | 27.55 (0.93) | 651.0 (1.4) | 28.30 (0.06) | 6.473 (0.096) | 0.92 (0.01) | 3.94 (0.04) | 0.56 (0.01) |
Control | 1359.021 (9.757) | 56.63 (0.98) | 1329.3 (6.0) | 55.38 (0.26) | 6.835 (0.089) | 0.98 (0.01) | 4.16 (0.08) | 0.60 (0.01) |
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López-López, A.; Moreno-Baquero, J.M.; Garrido-Fernández, A. Bioaccessibility of Mineral Nutrients in Plain Green Spanish-Style Manzanilla Table Olives Packaged in Nutrient Salt Mixtures. Foods 2024, 13, 2671. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172671
López-López A, Moreno-Baquero JM, Garrido-Fernández A. Bioaccessibility of Mineral Nutrients in Plain Green Spanish-Style Manzanilla Table Olives Packaged in Nutrient Salt Mixtures. Foods. 2024; 13(17):2671. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172671
Chicago/Turabian StyleLópez-López, Antonio, José María Moreno-Baquero, and Antonio Garrido-Fernández. 2024. "Bioaccessibility of Mineral Nutrients in Plain Green Spanish-Style Manzanilla Table Olives Packaged in Nutrient Salt Mixtures" Foods 13, no. 17: 2671. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172671