Preliminary Evaluation of the Effect of Domestication on the Marketable and Nutritional Quality of B. aegyptiaca (L.) Delile Oil from Algeria
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Experimental Assay
2.2. Oil Extraction
2.3. Reagents and Materials
2.4. Physicochemical Properties
2.5. Fatty Acid (FA) Composition
2.6. Tocopherol Analysis
2.7. Sterol Analysis
2.8. Squalene Analysis
2.9. Total Polyphenol Assay
2.10. Inorganic Elements
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Yield and Physicochemical Properties
3.2. FA Composition
3.3. Tocopherols
3.4. Sterols
3.5. Squalene
3.6. Total Polyphenols
3.7. Inorganic Elements
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site | Geographic Coordinates | Altitude | Annual Precipitation | Annual Temperature | Soil |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National Forest Research Institute (NFRI) Adrar nursery | 27.87718° N 0.27909° W | 257 m | 20.16 mm | 25.3 ± 2.4 °C | Sandy clay |
Matriouene | 27.4800° N 1.1959° E | 250 m |
Parameter | Oil from Domesticated Trees | Oil from Wild Trees |
---|---|---|
Yield (%) | 42.36 ± 2.01 * | 36.17 ± 3.50 * |
Moisture content (%) | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 0.37 ± 0.03 |
Refractive index | 1.471 ± 0.00 | 1.470 ± 0.00 |
Specific gravity | 0.92 ± 0.21 | 0.93 ± 0.35 |
Saponification number (mg KOH/g oil) | 162.69 ± 1.37 * | 157.48 ± 2.83 * |
Free acidity (%) | 0.16 ± 0.04 * | 0.38 ± 0.11 * |
Peroxide value (mEqO2/Kg) | 3.46 ± 0.28 * | 4.60 ± 0.49 * |
FAs | Oil from Domesticated Trees | Oil from Wild Trees |
---|---|---|
C12:0 | 0.20 ± 0.01 * | 0.02 ± 0.01 * |
C14:0 | 0.16 ± 0.01 * | 0.07 ± 0.01 * |
C16:0 | 15.64 ± 0.71 | 15.38 ± 0.73 |
C17:0 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.03 |
C18:0 | 12.12 ± 0.52 | 11.41 ± 0.43 |
C20:0 | 0.36 ± 0.02 | 0.35 ± 0.02 |
C22:0 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.02 |
C24:0 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.02 |
SFAs | 28.70 ± 0.89 | 27.40 ± 1.18 |
C16:1 n-9 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 |
C16:1 n-7 | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0.24 ± 0.02 |
C17:1 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 |
C18:1 n-9 | 36.03 ± 1.16 | 37.40 ± 1.08 |
C18:1 n-7 | 1.19 ± 0.10 | 1.11 ± 0.07 |
C20:1 n-9 | 0.15 ± 0.02 * | 0.09 ± 0.02 * |
MUFAs | 37.70 ± 1.02 | 38.95 ± 1.14 |
C18:2 n-6 | 33.80 ± 1.9 | 33.59 ± 1.17 |
C18:3 n-6 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 |
C18:3 n-3 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 |
PUFAs | 33.88 ± 1.9 | 33.65 ± 1.17 |
Tocopherol | Oil from Domesticated Trees | Oil from Wild Trees |
---|---|---|
α-tocopherol | 68.41 ± 3.96 | 73.65 ± 3.80 |
γ-tocopherol | 10.82 ± 1.57 * | 15.76 ± 1.83 * |
δ-tocopherol | 6.74 ± 0.47 * | 8.23 ± 0.43 * |
Total tocopherols | 84.98 ± 1.79 * | 97.64 ± 1.70 * |
Sterols | Oil from Domesticated Trees | Oil from Wild Trees |
---|---|---|
Cholesterol | 9.91 ± 1.60 | 13.15 ± 1.47 |
Brassicasterol | 1.88 ± 0.20 * | 2.52 ± 0.24 * |
24-methylene cholesterol | 1.80 ± 0.05 | 1.58 ± 0.17 |
Campesterol | 21.79 ± 0.79 * | 26.63 ± 0.82 * |
Campestanol | 4.24 ± 0.10 | 5.56 ± 0.90 |
Stigmasterol | 268.24 ± 2.95 * | 276.02 ± 3.53 * |
Clerosterol | 0.95 ± 0.06 | 0.95 ± 0.10 |
β-sitosterol | 535.44 ± 4.45 | 539.85 ± 6.30 |
Δ5-avenasterol | 88.64 ± 1.62 | 86.71 ± 1.45 |
Δ5,24-stigmastadienol | 1.50 ± 0.14 | 1.52 ± 0.17 |
Δ7-stigmastenol | 0.52 ± 0.03 | 0.72 ± 0.27 |
Δ7-avenasterol | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 0.40 ± 0.12 |
Total sterols | 935.23 ± 24.67 | 955.92 ± 24.4 |
Oil from Domesticated Trees | Oil from Wild Trees | |
---|---|---|
Squalene | 13.43 ± 2.50 | 15.34 ± 1.82 |
Total polyphenols | 60.52 ± 1.51 * | 67.89 ± 2.09 * |
Element | Oil from Domesticated Trees | Oil from Wild Trees |
---|---|---|
Major elements | ||
Na | 20.52 ± 0.58 | 21.34 ± 0.92 |
Mg | 8.47 ± 0.43 | 9.32 ± 0.27 |
K | 13.39 ± 0.44 | 12.42 ± 0.66 |
Ca | 16.75 ± 0.61 * | 11.68 ± 0.35 * |
Trace elements | ||
Fe | 7.14 ± 0.09 * | 8.75 ± 0.22 * |
Zn | 0.27 ± 0.04 | 0.28 ± 0.06 |
Mn | 0.16 ± 0.03 * | 0.24 ± 0.04 * |
Cr | 0.12 ± 0.02 * | 0.09 ± 0.02 * |
Cu | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
Ni | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 |
Se | 0.06 ± 0.01 * | 0.10 ± 0.02 * |
Pb | 0.02 ± 0.00 * | 0.07 ± 0.02 * |
As | <LOQ | <LOQ |
Cd | <LOQ | <LOQ |
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Slimani, W.A.; Albergamo, A.; Rando, R.; Nava, V.; Safi, M.O.; Bensenane, S.M.B.; Lo Turco, V.; Benmahioul, B.; Di Bella, G. Preliminary Evaluation of the Effect of Domestication on the Marketable and Nutritional Quality of B. aegyptiaca (L.) Delile Oil from Algeria. Foods 2024, 13, 2752. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172752
Slimani WA, Albergamo A, Rando R, Nava V, Safi MO, Bensenane SMB, Lo Turco V, Benmahioul B, Di Bella G. Preliminary Evaluation of the Effect of Domestication on the Marketable and Nutritional Quality of B. aegyptiaca (L.) Delile Oil from Algeria. Foods. 2024; 13(17):2752. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172752
Chicago/Turabian StyleSlimani, Wafaa Amira, Ambrogina Albergamo, Rossana Rando, Vincenzo Nava, Mohamed Ould Safi, Sidi Mohammed Bachir Bensenane, Vincenzo Lo Turco, Benamar Benmahioul, and Giuseppa Di Bella. 2024. "Preliminary Evaluation of the Effect of Domestication on the Marketable and Nutritional Quality of B. aegyptiaca (L.) Delile Oil from Algeria" Foods 13, no. 17: 2752. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172752