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Article

Antioxidant Activity of Bougainvillea spectabilis Bracts as an Alternative to Nitrites in Cooked Pork Ham

by
T. Alexandra Ferreira
1,
Jose A. Rodriguez
2,
Irais Sánchez-Ortega
2,
Jose M. Lorenzo
3,4 and
Eva M. Santos
2,*
1
Campus Puebla, Universidad del Valle de Mexico, Camino Real a San Andrés Cholula No. 4002, Emiliano Zapata, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico
2
Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Mexico
3
Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
4
Área de Tecnoloxía dos Alimentos, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2024, 13(19), 3070; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13193070
Submission received: 11 August 2024 / Revised: 20 September 2024 / Accepted: 24 September 2024 / Published: 26 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feeding and Processing Affect Meat Quality and Sensory Evaluation)

Abstract

In this study, the impact of incorporating Bougainvillea spectabilis powder into ham formulation as a potential color replacement for nitrites was evaluated. Three drying methods were proposed to preserve the antioxidant properties of bougainvillea: foam-mat drying, air drying, and oven drying. Antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) assays revealed that the presence of bougainvillea powders enhanced the antioxidant properties and maintained the stability of the ham over 8 weeks of storage at 4 °C. In addition, total polyphenolic content and presence of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated and showed higher and lower scores, respectively, in the samples with the incorporation of bougainvillea compared to the control samples, suggesting their potential to replace nitrite salts by providing natural antioxidant protection. Sensorial analysis also revealed no significant differences in sensory attributes in hams with 0.1% bougainvillea powder compared to nitrite samples. The incorporation of the bougainvillea powders in the ham formulation improved the sensorial attributes and consumer overall acceptance even after 8-week cold storage at 4 °C.
Keywords: Bougainvillea spectabilis; antioxidant activity; ham; edible flowers; sensory analysis Bougainvillea spectabilis; antioxidant activity; ham; edible flowers; sensory analysis

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Ferreira, T.A.; Rodriguez, J.A.; Sánchez-Ortega, I.; Lorenzo, J.M.; Santos, E.M. Antioxidant Activity of Bougainvillea spectabilis Bracts as an Alternative to Nitrites in Cooked Pork Ham. Foods 2024, 13, 3070. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13193070

AMA Style

Ferreira TA, Rodriguez JA, Sánchez-Ortega I, Lorenzo JM, Santos EM. Antioxidant Activity of Bougainvillea spectabilis Bracts as an Alternative to Nitrites in Cooked Pork Ham. Foods. 2024; 13(19):3070. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13193070

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ferreira, T. Alexandra, Jose A. Rodriguez, Irais Sánchez-Ortega, Jose M. Lorenzo, and Eva M. Santos. 2024. "Antioxidant Activity of Bougainvillea spectabilis Bracts as an Alternative to Nitrites in Cooked Pork Ham" Foods 13, no. 19: 3070. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13193070

APA Style

Ferreira, T. A., Rodriguez, J. A., Sánchez-Ortega, I., Lorenzo, J. M., & Santos, E. M. (2024). Antioxidant Activity of Bougainvillea spectabilis Bracts as an Alternative to Nitrites in Cooked Pork Ham. Foods, 13(19), 3070. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13193070

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