Continuous Flow UV-C Irradiation Effects on the Physicochemical Properties of Aloe vera Gel and Pitaya (Stenocereus spp.) Blend
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Reagents
2.2. Aloe vera–Pitaya Blend
2.3. UV-C Light Processing
2.4. Physicochemical and Optical Properties of the Aloe vera-Pitaya Blend
2.5. Analytical Methods
2.6. Aloin A Content
2.7. Betalain Quantification
2.8. Betacyanin Retention
2.9. Simple Sugar Content
2.10. Color Characteristics
2.11. NMR Analysis of Concentrated Betacyanins
2.12. Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Chemical Characterization and Optical Properties of Aloe vera–Pitaya (Stenocereus spp.) Blend
3.2. Color
3.3. Effect of UV-C Procesing on Betalains, Betacyanins, and Betaxanthines
3.4. NMR Analysis of UV-C Processed and Unprocessed Betalains Samples
3.5. Total Polyphenols
3.6. Total Antioxidant Activity
3.7. Total Sugars
3.8. Free Sugar Content
3.9. Aloin A
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source | DF | Sum of Square | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TP | Aloin A | TAA | L * | a * | b * | Glucose | Fructose | Sucrose | TS | BT | BC% | BX% | ||
Model | 7 | 536.767 | 10.702 | 44422.98 * | 16.318 * | 30.857 * | 7.698 * | 45.847 * | 30.744 * | 360.263 * | 6272.48 * | 1492.320 * | 2106.460 * | 3678.577 * |
pH | 1 | 251.368 * | 1.272 | 304.105 * | 2.5149 * | 7.617 * | 3.875 * | 8.2661 * | 4.89459 * | 65.771 * | 876.38 * | 772.490 * | 385.926* | 1238.512 |
UP vs UV-C | 1 | 61.111 | 0.492 | 33038.14 * | 12.434 * | 18.884 * | 2.816 * | 25.703 * | 13.2101 * | 234.548 * | 124.790 | 366.807 * | 1459.048 * | 1786.446 * |
pH *UP vs UV-C | 1 | 166.288 * | 0.809 | 7675.694 * | 0.719 | 3.279 | 0.906 * | 0.8752 * | 0.5102 * | 23.614 * | 2870.04 * | 193.601 * | 128.67 | 412.837 * |
D | 2 | 51.535 | 6.114 | 562.874 * | 0.338 | 0.840 | 0.014 | 6.6157 * | 9.2903 * | 30.297 * | 24.088 | 94.847 | 130.441 | 165.546 |
pH*D | 2 | 6.464 | 2.016 | 2842.172 * | 0.312 | 0.236 | 0.088 | 4.3878 * | 2.8383 * | 6.033 * | 2377.17 * | 64.573 | 2.402 | 75.236 |
Error | 8 | 220.604 | 9.784 | 392.659 | 1.632 | 8.305 | 0.373 | 0.0201 | 0.2542 | 0.809 | 482.102 | 307.833 | 343.083 | 227.379 |
Treatment/pH | L * | a * | b * |
---|---|---|---|
UP/3.5 | 28.71 ± 0.54 b | 16.34 ± 0.62 a | 7.59 ± 0.15 b |
UP/5.5 | 28.65 ± 0.18 b | 16.15 ± 0.14 ab | 7.43 ± 0.07 b |
D1-UV/3.5 | 31.24 ± 0.32 a | 12.97 ± 1.44 ab | 8.97 ± 0.33 a |
D1-UV/5.5 | 30.37 ± 0.08 ab | 14.56 ± 0.20 ab | 7.94 ± 0.01 b |
D2-UV/3.5 | 31.61 ± 0.86 a | 12.26 ± 1.91b | 9.18 ± 0.38 a |
D2-UV/5.5 | 30.13 ± 0.15 ab | 14.53 ± 0.12 ab | 7.74 ± 0.02 b |
D3-UV/3.5 | 30.86 ± 0.61 a | 13.11 ± 1.45 ab | 9.19 ± 0.24 b |
D3-UV/5.5 | 30.11 ± 0.25 ab | 14.97 ± 0.01 ab | 7.87 ± 0.18 b |
Treatment/pH | Total Sugars (mg/g dm) | Glucose (mg/g dm) | Fructose (mg/g dm) | Sucrose (mg/g dm) | Aloin A (mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
UP/3.5 | 839.11 ± 11.78 ab | 25.31 ± 0.04 c | 27.17 ± 0.10 c | 128.92 ± 0.32 e | 2.84 ± 0.85 a |
UP/5.5 | 807.52 ± 1.93 cd | 23.07 ± 0.05 e | 25.44 ± 0.02 d | 120.66 ± 0.58 f | 2.95 ± 0.23 a |
D1-UV/3.5 | 789.57 ± 5.17 d | 27.50 ± 0.03 b | 28.28 ± 0.21 b | 132.28 ± 0.19 cd | 3.99 ± 0.12 a |
D1-UV/5.5 | 846.91 ± 15.03 a | 24.63 ± 0.03 d | 26.06 ± 0.18 d | 131.08 ± 0.15 d | 3.05 ± 0.31 a |
D2-UV/3.5 | 796.43 ± 3.55 d | 27.68 ± 0.08 b | 28.84 ± 0.19 ab | 134.75 ± 0.30 b | 3.36 ± 0.12 a |
D2-UV/5.5 | 838.44 ± 1.47 ab | 27.48 ± 0.08 b | 28.93 ± 0.19 ab | 132.56 ± 0.23 c | 2.95 ± 0.71 a |
D3-UV/3.5 | 819.19 ± 2.34 abcd | 27.92 ± 0.03 a | 29.45 ± 0.15 a | 137.86 ± 0.28 a | 2.58 ± 0.46 a |
D3-UV/5.5 | 810.64 ± 8.16 bcd | 27.48 ± 0.03 b | 28.87 ± 0.27 ab | 133.28 ± 0.28 c | 2.67 ± 0.44 a |
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Meléndez-Pizarro, C.O.; Calva-Quintana, A.; Espinoza-Hicks, J.C.; Sánchez-Madrigal, M.Á.; Quintero-Ramos, A. Continuous Flow UV-C Irradiation Effects on the Physicochemical Properties of Aloe vera Gel and Pitaya (Stenocereus spp.) Blend. Foods 2020, 9, 1068. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9081068
Meléndez-Pizarro CO, Calva-Quintana A, Espinoza-Hicks JC, Sánchez-Madrigal MÁ, Quintero-Ramos A. Continuous Flow UV-C Irradiation Effects on the Physicochemical Properties of Aloe vera Gel and Pitaya (Stenocereus spp.) Blend. Foods. 2020; 9(8):1068. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9081068
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeléndez-Pizarro, Carmen O., Arlet Calva-Quintana, José C. Espinoza-Hicks, Miguel Á. Sánchez-Madrigal, and Armando Quintero-Ramos. 2020. "Continuous Flow UV-C Irradiation Effects on the Physicochemical Properties of Aloe vera Gel and Pitaya (Stenocereus spp.) Blend" Foods 9, no. 8: 1068. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9081068