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Review

The Measurement of Atmospheric Black Carbon: A Review

by
Zhiqing Zhang
1,
Yuan Cheng
1,
Linlin Liang
2,* and
Jiumeng Liu
1,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxics 2023, 11(12), 975; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11120975
Submission received: 10 October 2023 / Revised: 16 November 2023 / Accepted: 28 November 2023 / Published: 1 December 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Aerosol Particles)

Abstract

Black Carbon (BC), the second-largest contributor to global warming, has detrimental effects on human health and the environment. However, the accurate quantification of BC poses a significant challenge, impeding the comprehensive assessment of its impacts. Therefore, this paper aims to critically review three quantitative methods for measuring BC: Thermal Optical Analysis (TOA), the Optical Method, and Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII). The determination principles, available commercial instruments, sources of deviation, and correction approaches associated with these techniques are systematically discussed. By synthesizing and comparing the quantitative results reported in previous studies, this paper aims to elucidate the underlying relationships and fundamental disparities among Elemental Carbon (EC), Equivalent Black Carbon (eBC), and Refractory Black Carbon (rBC). Finally, based on the current advancements in BC quantification, recommendations are proposed to guide future research directions.
Keywords: black carbon; thermal optical analysis; optical method; laser-induced incandescence method; technical comparison black carbon; thermal optical analysis; optical method; laser-induced incandescence method; technical comparison

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, Z.; Cheng, Y.; Liang, L.; Liu, J. The Measurement of Atmospheric Black Carbon: A Review. Toxics 2023, 11, 975. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11120975

AMA Style

Zhang Z, Cheng Y, Liang L, Liu J. The Measurement of Atmospheric Black Carbon: A Review. Toxics. 2023; 11(12):975. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11120975

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Zhiqing, Yuan Cheng, Linlin Liang, and Jiumeng Liu. 2023. "The Measurement of Atmospheric Black Carbon: A Review" Toxics 11, no. 12: 975. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11120975

APA Style

Zhang, Z., Cheng, Y., Liang, L., & Liu, J. (2023). The Measurement of Atmospheric Black Carbon: A Review. Toxics, 11(12), 975. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11120975

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