Interlaboratory Study on Zebrafish in Toxicology: Systematic Evaluation of the Application of Zebrafish in Toxicology’s (SEAZIT’s) Evaluation of Developmental Toxicity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Test Substance Selection
2.2. Test Substance Procurement
2.3. Laboratory Selection
2.4. Animal Husbandry
2.5. Interlaboratory Study Design
2.6. Dose-Range-Finding (DRF) Study
2.7. Definitive (Def) Study Design
- Static exposure of chorionated embryos (S-C)
- Static renewal exposure of chorionated embryos (SR-C)
- Static exposure of dechorionated embryos (S-DC)
- Static renewal exposure of dechorionated embryos (SR-DC)
2.8. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Test Substances Characteristics
- A total of 25 substances had test data generated in zebrafish embryos as part of ToxCastTM. The activity of the substances ranged from inactive to potent with a median logAC50 value for substances producing phenotypic alterations or mortality of 1.06 µM [62]. In addition, DTT has previously tested 24 of the substances in studies using embryonic zebrafish [48,49,50].
- A total of 26 substances had in vivo developmental toxicity studies conducted in rodents that were available from DTT’s studies, ToxRefDB, or the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).
Substance Information | Physicochemical Properties 1 | In Vivo Reference Data | ToxPi Score for Vascular Disruption Markers 4 | Suggested by Zebrafish Researchers 5 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | CASRN | Molecular Weight | logP | ToxCastTM Zebrafish | Rodent In Vivo Reference Data Identified 2 | NTP Studies Conducted in Zebrafish 3 | ||
3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromobisphenol A | 79-94-7 | 543.87 | 5.682 | Yes | - | Alzualde et al. [48]; Behl et al. [49] | 0.27 | Yes |
3,4-dichloroaniline | 95-76-1 | 162.02 | 2.37 | - | - | - | - | - |
6-propyl-2-thiouracil | 51-52-5 | 170.23 | 0.98 | - | Yes | Behl et al. [49] | 0.05 | - |
Abamectin | 71751-41-2 | 873.08 | 6.61 | Yes | - | - | 0.33 | Yes |
Acetaldehyde | 75-07-0 | 44.05 | −0.17 | - | - | - | - | - |
Aldicarb | 116-06-3 | 190.26 | 1.13 | Yes | Yes | Behl et al. [49]; Quevedo et al. [50] | 0.07 | - |
Amoxicillin | 26787-78-0 | 365.40 | −3.064 | - | - | Behl et al. [49]; Quevedo et al. [50] | - | - |
Aspirin | 50-78-2 | 180.16 | 0.67 | - | Yes | Behl et al. [49] | 0.03 | - |
Atrazine | 1912-24-9 | 215.69 | 2.82 | Yes | Yes | - | 0.06 | - |
Bis(tributyltin)oxide | 56-35-9 | 596.11 | 5.02 | - | Yes | Behl et al. [49]; Quevedo et al. [50] | - | - |
Bisphenol A | 80-05-7 | 228.29 | 3.092 | Yes | Yes | Behl et al. [49]; Quevedo et al. [50] | 0.10 | - |
Caffeine | 58-08-2 | 194.19 | 0.16 | - | Yes | Behl et al. [49] | 0.00 | - |
Chlorpyrifos | 2921-88-2 | 350.59 | 0.357 | Yes | Yes | Behl et al. [49]; Quevedo et al. [50] | 0.10 | Yes |
Chlorpyrifos oxon | 5598-15-2 | 334.52 | 3.73 | Yes | - | - | 0.12 | Yes |
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene | 53-70-3 | 278.36 | 6.7 | - | - | Behl et al. [49]; Quevedo et al. [50] | - | Yes |
Dibutyl phthalate | 84-74-2 | 278.34 | NA | Yes | Yes | Behl et al. [49] | 0.02 | - |
Diethylstilbestrol | 56-53-1 | 268.36 | 5.64 | Yes | Yes | Behl et al. [49]; Quevedo et al. [50] | 0.30 | - |
Fluazifop-butyl | 69806-50-4 | 383.37 | 5.34 | Yes | Yes | Behl et al. [49] | 0.00 | - |
Flusilazole | 85509-19-9 | 315.4 | 4.89 | Yes | Yes | - | 0.06 | - |
Hydroxyurea | 127-07-1 | 76.06 | −1.606 | - | Yes | Behl et al. [49]; Quevedo et al. [50] | 0.01 | - |
Iprodione | 36734-19-7 | 330.17 | 2.85 | Yes | Yes | - | 0.06 | - |
Lindane | 58-89-9 | 290.83 | 4.26 | Yes | Yes | Behl et al. [49]; Quevedo et al. [50] | 0.04 | - |
Linuron | 330-55-2 | 249.1 | 2.91 | Yes | Yes | Behl et al. [49] | 0.03 | - |
Paclobutrazol | 76738-62-0 | 293.79 | 3.2 | Yes | Yes | - | 0.03 | - |
Pentachlorophenol | 87-86-5 | 266.34 | 4.74 | Yes | Yes | - | 0.24 | - |
Phorate | 298-02-2 | 260.37 | 3.37 | Yes | Yes | - | 0.03 | - |
Propofol | 2078-54-8 | 178.27 | 3.244 | - | - | - | - | Yes |
Pyrene | 129-00-0 | 202.26 | 4.93 | Yes | - | Quevedo et al. [50] | 0.04 | Yes |
Pyriproxyfen | 95737-68-1 | 321.38 | 5.55 | Yes | Yes | - | 0.05 | - |
Resorcinol | 108-46-3 | 110.11 | 0.8 | - | Yes | - | 0.00 | Yes |
Rotenone | 83-79-4 | 394.42 | 4.1 | Yes | Yes | Behl et al. [49]; Quevedo et al. [50] | 0.17 | - |
Sodium valproate | 1069-66-5 | 166.19 | NA | - | - | Quevedo et al. [50] | - | - |
Thalidomide | 50-35-1 | 258.24 | −0.24 | - | - | Behl et al. [49]; Quevedo et al. [50] | 0.00 | - |
Triadimefon | 43121-43-3 | 293.76 | 2.94 | Yes | Yes | Behl et al. [49] | 0.03 | - |
Triclosan | 3380-34-5 | 289.55 | 4.66 | Yes | Yes | - | 0.27 | - |
Triphenyl phosphate | 115-86-6 | 326.29 | 4.7 | Yes | Yes | Alzualde et al. [48]; Behl et al. [49]; Quevedo et al. [50] | 0.15 | - |
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate | 13674-87-8 | 430.91 | 3.65 | Yes | - | Alzualde et al. [48] | - | Yes |
Valproic acid | 99-66-1 | 144.22 | 2.96 | Yes | - | Behl et al. [49] | 0.00 | - |
Ziram | 137-30-4 | 305.84 | 1.29 | - | Yes | - | 0.30 | Yes |
3.2. DRF Study Results: Summary of Test Substance Activity and Comparison to ToxCast Database
3.3. Vehicle Control Performance
3.4. Positive Control Performance
3.5. Reproducibility of Duplicate Test Substances
3.6. Test Substance Interlaboratory Variability
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lab A | Lab B | Lab C |
---|---|---|
Abnormal_heartbeat | Abnormal axial bend (AXIS) | Axis__curvature_of_body_axis |
Abnormal_length | Abnormal brain region (BRN_) | Craniofacial__edema |
Abnormal_pigmentation | Abnormal notochord (NC__) | Craniofacial__jaw_defects |
Absence_heartbeat | Abnormal swim bladder, muscle pattern, blood circulation (MUSC) | Craniofacial__snout_defects |
Altered_jaw_morphology | Abnormal touch response in the caudal fin (TCHR) | fin_absence |
Altered_snout | Defects in the craniofacial region (CRAN) | necrosis |
Curved_axis | Defects in the lower trunk region (LTRK) | notochord_defect |
Decreased_absent_pigmentation | Defects on the skin (SKIN) | otoliths_defects |
Delayed_Hatching | Edema of the heart, yolk sac or brain region (EDEM) | scoliosis |
Malformed__disorganized_or_missing_somites | tail_bending | |
Malformed_or_missing_caudal_fin | Unhatched | |
Malformed_or_missing_otic_vesicle | Yolk_sac__Edema | |
Malformed_or_missing_trunk | ||
Notochord_malformation | ||
Others | ||
Presence_of_head_Edema | ||
Presence_of_pericardial_Edema | ||
Smaller_abnormal_eye_shape | ||
Smaller_abnormal_head_shape | ||
Yolk_opacity | ||
Yolk_sac_Edema |
Substance | CASRN | Lab A_SR-C | Lab B_S-DC | Lab C_S-C |
---|---|---|---|---|
3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromobisphenol A | 79-94-7 | 1.40 1 | 2.80 | 4.10 |
3,4-dichloroaniline | 95-76-1 | 7.80 | 2.00 * | 16.00 |
6-propyl-2-thiouracil | 51-52-5 | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) |
Abamectin | 71751-41-2 | 0.14 | 1.00 * | 0.38 |
Acetaldehyde | 75-07-0 | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) |
Aldicarb 2 | 116-06-3 | 0.81 | 2.40 | 1.90 |
Amoxicillin | 26787-78-0 | 81.00 | Inactive (64) | 65.00 |
Aspirin | 50-78-2 | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) | 14.00 |
Atrazine | 1912-24-9 | 49.00 | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) |
Bis(tributyltin)oxide | 56-35-9 | 0.047 | 5.80 | 1.40 |
Bisphenol A 2 | 80-05-7 | 14.00 | 39.00 | 17.00 |
Caffeine | 58-08-2 | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) |
Chlorpyrifos | 2921-88-2 | 0.66 | 81.00 | 46.00 |
Chlorpyrifos oxon | 5598-15-2 | 0.025 | 1.60 | 0.12 |
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene | 53-70-3 | 0.081 | Inactive (64) | Inactive (100) |
Dibutyl phthalate | 84-74-2 | 1.40 | 4.20 | 46.00 |
Diethylstilbestrol | 56-53-1 | 0.53 | 2.80 | 4.10 |
Fluazifop-butyl | 69806-50-4 | 1.80 | 4.00 | 51.00 |
Flusilazole | 85509-19-9 | 1.40 | 6.80 | 14.00 |
Hydroxyurea | 127-07-1 | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) |
Iprodione | 36734-19-7 | 14 | 59 | 46 |
Lindane | 58-89-9 | 1.5 | 33 | 8.6 |
Linuron | 330-55-2 | 4.7 | 22 | 26 |
Paclobutrazol | 76738-62-0 | 0.43 | 1.3 | 19 |
Pentachlorophenol | 87-86-5 | 0.18 | 1 * | 0.7 |
Phorate | 298-02-2 | 1.7 | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) |
Propofol | 2078-54-8 | 0.49 | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) |
Pyrene | 129-00-0 | 4.3 | 39 | Inactive (100) |
Pyriproxyfen | 95737-68-1 | 4.9 | 59 | 61 |
Resorcinol | 108-46-3 | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) |
Rotenone | 83-79-4 | 0.043 | 1 * | 0.11 |
Sodium valproate | 1069-66-5 | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) | 4.1 |
Thalidomide | 50-35-1 | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) | Inactive (100) |
Triadimefon | 43121-43-3 | 1.6 | 7.9 | 6.8 |
Triclosan | 3380-34-5 | 1.4 | 3.8 | 7 |
Triphenyl phosphate | 115-86-6 | 0.66 | 4.2 | 29 |
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate | 13674-87-8 | 2.1 | 7.9 | 14 |
Valproic acid 2 | 99-66-1 | 76 | Inactive (100) | 4.1 |
Ziram | 137-30-4 | 0.0047 | 1 * | 0.11 |
Mortality@120 | MalformedAny+Mort@120 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lab-A_SR-C | Lab-B_S-DC | Lab-C_S-C | Lab-A_SR-C | Lab-B_S-DC | Lab-C_S-C | |
Aldicarb Duplicate #1 | Inactive ** 90.45 90.45 | Inactive Inactive Inactive | Inactive Inactive Inactive | 1.39 * 0.53 1.44 | 1.32 1.42 2.24 | 2.09 1.31 2.58 |
Aldicarb Duplicate #2 | 90.45 86.41 Inactive | Inactive Inactive Inactive | Inactive Inactive Inactive | 0.81 0.81 0.58 | 2.52 2.52 3.58 | 2.32 1.57 1.75 |
Bisphenol A Duplicate #1 | 40.54 40.54 40.54 | 61.05 79.16 55.75 | 38.18 38.18 38.18 | 13.90 14.37 13.90 | 32.86 40.29 39.49 | 45.73 18.19 19.24 |
Bisphenol A Duplicate #2 | 40.54 *** 40.54 40.54 | 55.75 58.52 46.38 | 38.18 38.18 17.47 | 13.90 13.90 8.10 | 39.49 39.49 39.49 | 16.45 14.48 16.45 |
Valproic Acid Duplicate#1 | Inactive Inactive Inactive | Inactive Inactive Inactive | 11.47 11.47 3.63 | 46.65 58.17 58.17 | Inactive Inactive 87.87 | 0.98 4.12 4.12 |
Valproic Acid Duplicate #2 | Inactive Inactive Inactive | Inactive Inactive Inactive | 11.47 38.18 6.54 | Inactive Inactive Inactive | Inactive Inactive Inactive | 20.94 1.75 4.12 |
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Hamm, J.T.; Hsieh, J.-H.; Roberts, G.K.; Collins, B.; Gorospe, J.; Sparrow, B.; Walker, N.J.; Truong, L.; Tanguay, R.L.; Dyballa, S.; et al. Interlaboratory Study on Zebrafish in Toxicology: Systematic Evaluation of the Application of Zebrafish in Toxicology’s (SEAZIT’s) Evaluation of Developmental Toxicity. Toxics 2024, 12, 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12010093
Hamm JT, Hsieh J-H, Roberts GK, Collins B, Gorospe J, Sparrow B, Walker NJ, Truong L, Tanguay RL, Dyballa S, et al. Interlaboratory Study on Zebrafish in Toxicology: Systematic Evaluation of the Application of Zebrafish in Toxicology’s (SEAZIT’s) Evaluation of Developmental Toxicity. Toxics. 2024; 12(1):93. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12010093
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamm, Jon T., Jui-Hua Hsieh, Georgia K. Roberts, Bradley Collins, Jenni Gorospe, Barney Sparrow, Nigel J. Walker, Lisa Truong, Robyn L. Tanguay, Sylvia Dyballa, and et al. 2024. "Interlaboratory Study on Zebrafish in Toxicology: Systematic Evaluation of the Application of Zebrafish in Toxicology’s (SEAZIT’s) Evaluation of Developmental Toxicity" Toxics 12, no. 1: 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12010093