GC/MS-Based Metabolomic Analysis of A549 Cells Exposed to Emerging Organophosphate Flame Retardants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Reagents
2.2. Cell Culture
2.3. MTT Cell Viability Assay
2.4. Cell Sample Pretreatment for Metabolomic Analysis
2.5. Metabolic Data Processing and Multivariate Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cytotoxicity Analysis of eOPFRs
3.2. Metabolomics Analysis
3.3. The Identification of DEMs
3.4. Disturbed Pathway Analysis
3.5. Metabolite Enrichment Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Cytotoxicity Analysis of eOPFRs Exposure
4.2. Analysis of eOPFR-Induced Metabolic Disorders
4.2.1. CDP Induces Oxidative Stress and Disrupts Amino Acid and Energy Metabolism
4.2.2. Metabolic Pathway Analysis of the Main Effects of RDP
4.2.3. TAP-Induced Peculiar Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders
4.2.4. Analysis of Metabolic Pathways Affected by PEPA
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Abbr. | CAS | MF | Log Kow | BCFs | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CDP | 26444-49-5 | C19H17O4P | 5.25 | 1019.28 | |
RDP | 57583-54-7 | C30H24O8P2 | 7.41 | 15,546.47 | |
TAP | 1623-19-4 | C9H15O4P | 1.94 | 17.85 | |
PEPA | 5301-78-0 | C5H9O5P | −1.76 | 1.00 |
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Sun, M.; Chang, X.; Gao, Y.; Zou, S.; Wang, S.; Liu, H. GC/MS-Based Metabolomic Analysis of A549 Cells Exposed to Emerging Organophosphate Flame Retardants. Toxics 2024, 12, 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12060384
Sun M, Chang X, Gao Y, Zou S, Wang S, Liu H. GC/MS-Based Metabolomic Analysis of A549 Cells Exposed to Emerging Organophosphate Flame Retardants. Toxics. 2024; 12(6):384. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12060384
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Mengyao, Xiao Chang, Ying Gao, Sisi Zou, Shaomin Wang, and Hongmin Liu. 2024. "GC/MS-Based Metabolomic Analysis of A549 Cells Exposed to Emerging Organophosphate Flame Retardants" Toxics 12, no. 6: 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12060384