Simulating the Potential Evapotranspiration of Egypt Using the RegCM4: Sensitivity to the Land Surface and Boundary Layer Parameterizations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Compare between the BATS and CLM45 land surface model (with respect to the high-resolution ERA5-land based product, hPET [33]).
- Fine-tune the coefficients of the HS equation (using the best land surface scheme) and then compare between the original and calibrated version to check the added value of the fine tuning.
- Assess the sensitivity of the PET to the boundary layer schemes (HOLT and UW) using the calibrated version of the HS to check which scheme is suitable in simulating the PET in comparison with the hPET.
- Compare between the two versions of the calibrated HS equation: (1) temperature-only-based formula and (2) temperature-radiation-based formula (to examine which formula is the best to compute the PET).
- Bias-correct the PET (for each season) using the suitable calibrated HS equation (from point 3) with respect to the hPET.
- Plot the climatological cycle of the PET (before and after applying the bias-correction method) in the validation period.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Model Description
2.3. Experimental Design
2.4. Observational Dataset
3. Results
3.1. Land Surface Parameterization
3.2. Calibrating the HS Equation
3.3. Boundary Layer Parameterization
3.4. Comparison between Two Calibrated Versions of the HS Equation
3.5. Bias-Correcting the PET
3.6. Climatological Annual Cycle
4. Discussion and Conclusions
- With respect to the ERA5, the BATS outperformed the CLM45, and the UW was better than the HOLT in all seasons concerning the PET.
- Calibrating the temperature coefficient (of the HS equation) succeeded in reducing the PET bias in comparison with the ERA5.
- Comparison between the two calibrated versions of the HS revealed that the temperature-only version provided a lower PET bias compared to the one noted in the radiation-temperature version.
- The LS method explored its added value in reducing the PET bias either in the evaluation or the validation period.
- Concerning the climatological annual cycle, the calibrated HS equation provided a better performance than the original version (in the ten locations) in comparison with the ERA5.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Anwar, S.A.; Olusegun, C.F. Simulating the Potential Evapotranspiration of Egypt Using the RegCM4: Sensitivity to the Land Surface and Boundary Layer Parameterizations. Hydrology 2024, 11, 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology11080121
Anwar SA, Olusegun CF. Simulating the Potential Evapotranspiration of Egypt Using the RegCM4: Sensitivity to the Land Surface and Boundary Layer Parameterizations. Hydrology. 2024; 11(8):121. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology11080121
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnwar, Samy A., and Christiana F. Olusegun. 2024. "Simulating the Potential Evapotranspiration of Egypt Using the RegCM4: Sensitivity to the Land Surface and Boundary Layer Parameterizations" Hydrology 11, no. 8: 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology11080121