Modified Sol–Gel Synthesis of Mesoporous Borate Bioactive Glasses for Potential Use in Wound Healing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Glass Synthesis
2.2. Characterizations
2.2.1. Thermal Behavior
2.2.2. Elemental Composition Analysis
2.2.3. XRD Analysis
2.2.4. FTIR Study
2.2.5. DLS and Surface Charge
2.2.6. Electron Microscopy Observations
2.2.7. N2 Adsorption-Desorption Analysis
2.3. Biological Evaluations
2.3.1. In Vitro Bioactivity Assessment
2.3.2. Cell Viability
2.3.3. Antibacterial Activity
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. ICP Results
3.2. DTA/TGA Analysis
3.3. DLS Characterization
3.4. XRD Patterns
3.5. FTIR Spectroscopy
3.6. FESEM Observations
3.7. TEM Images
3.8. AFM Micrographs
3.9. N2 Adsorption/Desorption Analysis
3.10. Ions Release Profile
3.11. pH Variations
3.12. Cell Viability
3.13. Antibacterial Activity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | B2O3 | CaO | Ag2O | MgO | K2O | Na2O | P2O5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MBG-Ag0 | 54.6 | 22.1 | 0 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 6.1 | 1.7 |
MBG-Ag1 | 54.6 | 21.1 | 1 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 6.1 | 1.7 |
MBG-Ag2.5 | 54.6 | 19.6 | 2.5 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 6.1 | 1.7 |
MBG-Ag5 | 54.6 | 17.1 | 5 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 6.1 | 1.7 |
MBG-Ag7.5 | 54.6 | 14.6 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 6.1 | 1.7 |
Sample | B2O3 | CaO | Ag2O | MgO | K2O | Na2O | P2O5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MBG-Ag0 | ICP (mol%) | 54.74 ± 0.20 | 22.08 ± 0.05 | - | 7.58 ± 0.30 | 7.85 ± 0.10 | 6.10 ± 0.05 | 1.62 ± 0.21 |
Designed (mol%) | 54.6 | 22.1 | - | 7.6 | 7.9 | 6.1 | 1.7 | |
MBG-Ag1 | ICP (mol%) | 54.6 ± 0.21 | 21.12 ± 0.05 | 0.90 ± 0.3 | 7.60 ± 0.02 | 7.91 ± 0.02 | 6.1 ± 0.05 | 1.7 ± 0.23 |
Designed (mol%) | 54.6 | 21.1 | 1 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 6.1 | 1.7 | |
MBG-Ag2.5 | ICP (mol%) | 54.7 ± 0.2 | 19.64 ± 0.06 | 2.3 ± 0.05 | 7.62 ± 0.03 | 7.92 ± 0.04 | 6.1 ± 0.01 | 1.7 ± 0.04 |
Designed (mol %) | 54.6 | 19.6 | 2.5 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 6.1 | 1.7 | |
MBG-Ag5 | ICP (mol%) | 54.7 ± 0.03 | 17.03 ± 0.10 | 4.92 ± 0.01 | 7.61 ± 0.03 | 7.91 ± 0.05 | 6.11 ± 0.04 | 1.71 ± 0.05 |
Designed (mol%) | 54.6 | 17.1 | 5 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 6.1 | 1.7 | |
MBG-Ag7.5 | ICP (mol%) | 54.74 ± 0.06 | 14.90 ± 0.20 | 7.01 ± 0.02 | 7.60 ± 0.03 | 7.90 ± 0.03 | 6.1 ± 0.04 | 1.72 ± 0.03 |
Designed (mol%) | 54.6 | 14.6 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 6.1 | 1.7 |
DLS Characteristics | Surface Charge Characteristics | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | Dv50 (nm) | Dv90 (nm) | p Value | Zeta (mV) | p Value | Mobility μ/s/V/cm | p Value |
MBG-Ag0 | 51 ± 3 | 105 ± 8 | - | −12 ± 2 | - | −0.89 ± 0.2 | - |
MBG-Ag1 | 17 ± 2 | 50 ± 10 | *** | −16 ± 2 | ** | −1.07 ± 0.1 | *** |
MBG-Ag2.5 | 12 ± 1 | 40 ± 6 | *** | −18 ± 3 | ** | −1.18 ± 0.1 | *** |
MBG-Ag5 | 8 ± 4 | 25 ± 5 | **** | −20 ± 2 | ** | −1.28 ± 0.1 | *** |
MBG-Ag7.5 | 44 ± 6 | 54 ± 9 | **** | −22 ± 1 | *** | −1.58 ± 0.3 | *** |
Sample | Crystallite Size (nm) | Crystallinity (%) | a Å | c Å | Average Rate Constant (K × 10−7) (s−1) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day | 3 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 7 | - |
MBG-Ag0 | 8 | 38 | 11 | 8 | 12 | 35 | 9.438 | 9.442 | 6.864 | 6.895 | 7.4 |
MBG-Ag1 | 4 | 43 | 7 | 4 | 16 | 41 | 9.429 | 9.433 | 6.893 | 6.893 | 14 |
MBG-Ag2.5 | 9 | 41 | 4 | 4 | 12 | 39 | 9.431 | 9.433 | 6.896 | 6.898 | 13 |
MBG-Ag5 | 7 | 35 | 4 | 6 | 15 | 36 | 9.438 | 9.440 | 8.899 | 6.902 | 11 |
MBG-Ag7.5 | 4 | 31 | <1 | 3 | 6 | 20 | 9.442 | 9.449 | 6.890 | 6.891 | 10 |
Sample | SBET (m2/g) | Total Pore Volume (cm3/g) | Range of Pore Diameter (nm) | P/P0 |
---|---|---|---|---|
MBG-Ag0 | 47 | 0.36 | 27–33 | 0.79 |
MBG-Ag1 | 87 | 0.31 | 17–25 | 0.80 |
MBG-Ag2.5 | 104 | 0.24 | 29–33 | 0.74 |
MBG-Ag5 | 145 | 0.31 | 23–31 | 0.82 |
MBG-Ag7.5 | 167 | 0.45 | 6–12 | 0.40 |
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Kermani, F.; Sadidi, H.; Ahmadabadi, A.; Hoseini, S.J.; Tavousi, S.H.; Rezapanah, A.; Nazarnezhad, S.; Hosseini, S.A.; Mollazadeh, S.; Kargozar, S. Modified Sol–Gel Synthesis of Mesoporous Borate Bioactive Glasses for Potential Use in Wound Healing. Bioengineering 2022, 9, 442. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090442
Kermani F, Sadidi H, Ahmadabadi A, Hoseini SJ, Tavousi SH, Rezapanah A, Nazarnezhad S, Hosseini SA, Mollazadeh S, Kargozar S. Modified Sol–Gel Synthesis of Mesoporous Borate Bioactive Glasses for Potential Use in Wound Healing. Bioengineering. 2022; 9(9):442. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090442
Chicago/Turabian StyleKermani, Farzad, Hossein Sadidi, Ali Ahmadabadi, Seyed Javad Hoseini, Seyed Hasan Tavousi, Alireza Rezapanah, Simin Nazarnezhad, Seyede Atefe Hosseini, Sahar Mollazadeh, and Saeid Kargozar. 2022. "Modified Sol–Gel Synthesis of Mesoporous Borate Bioactive Glasses for Potential Use in Wound Healing" Bioengineering 9, no. 9: 442. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090442