A Compendium of Chemical Class and Use Type Open Access Databases
Abstract
:1. Summary
2. Data Description
2.1. The “Chemical Class and Use Type Compendium” Dataset
2.2. Database Selection Process
2.3. UC and CC Database Quantitative Extent and Quality
3. Methods
3.1. Database Compilation
3.2. Decision Tree-Based Database Evaluation
3.3. Chemical Class and Use Type Verification
- no relevant information,
- basic information, and
- detailed information.
4. User Notes
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Database Compendium References
- ATDSR CDC. Found online under https://atsdr.cdc.gov/, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- CERC USGS. Found online under cerc.usgs.gov/data/acute/acute.html, last accessed on 05 August2020.
- IChem. Found online under inchem.org/#/search, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- LiaisonDB. Found online under liaison.csl.gov.uk/, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- PCS Agriculture. Found online under pcs.agriculture.gov.ie/pest.asp?searchType=prod, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- SDBS Compounds and Spectral Search. Found online under https://sDBs.DB.aist.go.jp/sDBs/cgi-bin/direct_frame_top.cgi, last accessed on the 05 August 2020.
- The Binding Database. Found online under http://bindingDB.org/bind/index.jsp, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Waterqualitydata USA. Found online under waterqualitydata.us/, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- PrimerBank (2011). Found online under https://pga.mgh.harvard.edu/primerbank/, last updated on 28. December 2011, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Home (2013). Found online under https://chem.libretexts.org/, last updated on 02 December 2019, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- OSU Extension Pesticide Properties Database (2016). Found online under http://npic.orst.edu/ingred/ppdmove.htm, last updated on 05 October 2016, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- OSU Extension Pesticide Properties Database (2016). Found online under http://npic.orst.edu/ingred/ppdmove.htm, last updated on 05October 2016, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- CSAR (2019). Found online under http://csardock.org/, last updated on 19 February 2019, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Chemical Name Search (2019). Found online under https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/name-ser/, last updated on 10 July 2019, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Agricultural Pesticide Use Estimates for the USGS National Water Quality Network, 1992–2014 (2019). Found online under https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/580108a7e4b0824b2d18bbcf, last updated on 30 July 2019, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- NPRO (2019). Found online under http://npic.orst.edu/NPRO/, last updated on 21 November 2019, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- GSBL (Gemeinsamer Stoffdatenpool Bund/Länder) (2020). Found online under https://gsbl.de/, last updated on 07 January 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- TOXNET (has moved) (2020). Found online under https://www.nlm.nih.gov/toxnet/index.html, last updated on 06 February 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- FAOSTAT (2020). Found online under http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RP, last updated on 18 February 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- CTS Proxy (2020). Found online under http://cts.fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu/, last updated on 19 February 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- PPDB Search (2020). Found online under http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/iupac/search.htm, last updated on 19 March 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Guidance on health and safety at work—HSE (2020). Found online under https://www.hse.gov.uk/guidance/index.htm, last updated on 03 April 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- HSE Homepage (2020). Found online under https://www.hse.gov.uk/pesticides/topics/databases.htm, last updated on 03 April 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Pesticides: MedlinePlus (2020). Found online under https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html, last updated on 12 April 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- About This Project | IPI Database (2020). Found online under https://www.pesticideimpacts.org/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- About This Project | IPI Database (2020). Found online under https://www.pesticideimpacts.org/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Active Ingredients Eligible for Minimum Risk Pesticide Use | New York State Integrated Pest Management (2020). Found online under https://nysipm.cornell.edu/environment/active-ingredients-eligible-minimum-risk-pesticide-use/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- AgroPages (2020). Found online under http://data.agropages.com/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database | Michigan State University (2020). Found online under https://www.pesticideresistance.org/search.php, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- BCGlobal (2020). Found online under https://bcglobal.bryantchristie.com/DB#login, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- CCCBDB introduction navigation (2020). Found online under https://cccbDB.nist.gov/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- ChEMBL Database (2020). Found online under https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Chemical application licence search | Business Queensland (2020). Found online under https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/land-management/chemical-controls/licence-search, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Chemical Data—Market analysis from crude oil to plastics—www.chemicaldata.com (2020). Found online under http://chemicaldata.com/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Chemical Database—ChemSynthesis (2020). Found online under https://www.chemsynthesis.com/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Chemical hazards | European Food Safety Authority (2020). Found online under http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/microstrategy/openfoodtox, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- ChemicalSearch: Find Chemicals by Search Criteria (2020). Found online under http://cDB.ics.uci.edu/cgibin/ChemicalIndexWeb.py, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- ChemIDplus Lite—Chemical information with searchable synonyms, structures, and formulas (2020). Found online under https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Chemistry Dashboard | Home (2020). Found online under https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/, last updated on 05.08.2020, last accessed on 05.08.2020.
- ChemSpider | Search and share chemistry (2020). Found online under http://www.ChemSpider.com/Default.aspx, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- ChemSub Online: The Free Web Portal and Information System on Chemical Substances from around the World (2020). Found online under http://chemsub.online.fr/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Common Chemistry—Search Chemical Names and CAS Registry Numbers (2020). Found online under https://commonchemistry.org/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Department of Pesticide Regulation Databases (2020). Found online under https://www.cdpr.ca.gov/dprdatabase.htm, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- DrugBank (2020). Found online under https://www.drugbank.ca/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Easy compound ordering service—MolPort (2020). Found online under https://www.molport.com/shop/index?version=2&utm_expid=.VJHOhmQmTBehhv5LlENqPA.1&utm_referrer=, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- ECOTOX | Search (2020). Found online under https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/search.cfm, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- ETOX: Information System Ecotoxicology and Environmental Quality Targets (2020). Found online under http://webetox.uba.de/webETOX/index.do, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Everyday chemistry—Do chemicals have an expiry date?—Chemistry Stack Exchange (2020). Found online under https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/20039/do-chemicals-have-an-expiry-date, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- FDA Substance Registration System (2020). Found online under https://fdasis.nlm.nih.gov/srs/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on the 05 August 2020.
- Home | Label Database (2020). Found online under http://www.cdms.net/LabelsSDS/home/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Home | National Toxicology Program (2020). Found online under https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Home | Cayman Chemical (2020). Found online under https://www.caymanchem.com/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Homepage | ECHA (2020). Found online under https://echa.europa.eu/home, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Information on Chemicals—ECHA (2020). Found online under https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- KEGG COMPOUND Database (2020). Found online under https://www.genome.jp/kegg/compound/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Login to Water Taking Reporting System (2020). Found online under https://www.lrcsde.lrc.gov.on.ca/wtrs/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- LookChem, look for chemicals all over the world (2020). Found online under https://www.lookchem.com/, last updated on 05.08.2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- MAGIC-Graph, Meta-Analysis of the Global Impact of Chemicals (2020). Found online under: https://magic.eco/, last updated on the 05.08.2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Modes of Action (MoA) Classification | IRAC. Modes of Action (MoA) Classification | IRAC (2020). Found online under https://irac-online.org/modes-of-action/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Modes of Action (MoA) Classification | IRAC. Modes of Action (MoA) Classification | IRAC (2020). Found online under https://irac-online.org/modes-of-action/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information (2020). Found online under https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- National Center for Manufacturing Sciences (2020). Found online under http://solvDB.ncms.org/, last updated on 05 August 2020.
- National Chemicals Information System (2020). Found online under http://ncis.nier.go.kr/en/main.do, last updated on 05.08.2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- NIST Chemical Kinetics Database (2020). Found online under https://kinetics.nist.gov/kinetics/index.jsp, last updated on 05.08.2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- NORMAN Substance Database (2020). Found online under https://www.norman-network.com/nds/susdat/susdatSearchShow.php, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- OPP Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2020). Found online under http://ecotox.ipmcenters.org/index.cfm?menuid=5, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- OSHA Occupational Chemical Database | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (2020). Found online under https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Pesticide Data Index Application (2020). Found online under https://apps.cdpr.ca.gov/ereglib/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Pesticide List: USDA ARS (2020). Found online under https://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/beltsville-md-barc/beltsville-agricultural-research-center/adaptive-cropping-systems-laboratory/docs/ppd/pesticide-list/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Pesticide-Induced Diseases Database (2020). Found online under https://beyondpesticides.org/resources/pesticide-induced-diseases-database/overview, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Pesticides | CODEXALIMENTARIUS FAO-WHO (2020). Found online under http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/DBs/pestres/pesticides/en/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Pesticides database | Pesticides database (2020). Found online under http://ipm-coalition.org/overview, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Pflanzenschutzmittel-Register (2020). Found online under https://psmregister.baes.gv.at/psmregister/faces/main?_afrLoop=502437065774260&_afrWindowMode=0&_adf.ctrl-state=151mspwlqx_4, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards | NIOSH | CDC (2020). Found online under https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/default.html, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Public Chemical Registration Information System Search—portal.apvma.gov.au (2020). Found online under https://portal.apvma.gov.au/pubcris, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Public Chemical Registration Information System Search—portal.apvma.gov.au (2020). Found online under https://portal.apvma.gov.au/pubcris, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- REACH: Chemikalien / Reach (2020). Found online under https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/themen/chemikalien/reach-chemikalien-reach, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- SCRIPDB University of Toronto (2020). Found online under http://dcv.uhnres.utoronto.ca/SCRIPDB/search/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- STITCH: chemical association networks (2020). Found online under http://stitch.embl.de/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Substance Registry Services (SRS) | The Exchange Network (2020). Found online under http://www.exchangenetwork.net/data-exchange/srs/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- System of Registries | U.S. EPA (2020). Found online under https://iaspub.epa.gov/sor_internet/registry/substreg/LandingPage.do, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- T3DB (2020). Found online under http://www.t3DB.ca/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August Database (2020). Found online under https://secure.pesticides.gov.uk/MRLs/search, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- ZINC (2020). Found online under http://zinc.docking.org/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Administrator (2020): Welcome to the Global Network for information and Properties on Agrochemicals. Found online under http://pesticides.iupac.org/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Comm/sanco/a4 (2014): EU Pesticides database—European Commission. Found online under https://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database/public/?event=homepage&language=EN, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Comm/sanco/a4 (2014): EU Pesticides database—European Commission. Found online under https://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database/public/?event=homepage&language=EN, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Corporation, CambridgeSoft (2020): PerkinElmer Informatics Databases. Found online under http://www.cambridgesoft.com/databases/login/?serviceid=128, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- e.V., Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (2020): Gefahrstoffe: GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank. Found online under https://dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-stoffdatenbank/index.jsp, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Embl-ebi (2020): The European Bioinformatics Institute < EMBL-EBI. Found online under https://www.ebi.ac.uk/, last updated on 25 March 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Engeler, Marco (2020): ChemExper. Found online under http://www.chemexper.com/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Engeler, Marco (2020): ChemExper. Found online under http://www.chemexper.com/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Government of Canada, Health Canada, Pest Management Regulatory Agency (2020): Pesticide Label Search—Health Canada. Found online under https://pr-rp.hc-sc.gc.ca/ls-re/index-eng.php, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- jh#64, Jens Hirsch; Zadi.de (2020): Verzeichnis zugelassener Pflanzenschutzmittel. Found online under https://apps2.bvl.bund.de/psm/jsp/index.jsp?modul=form, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Pesticide Action Network North America (2020): PAN Pesticides Database: Chemical Active Ingredient Search. Found online under http://pesticideinfo.org/Search_Chemicals.jsp, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- PubChem (2020): PubChem. PubChem. Found online under https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, last updated on 11 April 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Pubmeddev (2020): Home | PubMed | NCBI. Found online under https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Residues of Pesticides, EU Reference Laboratories for (2020): EURL | Residues of Pesticides. Found online under https://www.eurl-pesticides.eu/docs/public/home.asp?LabID=100&Lang=EN, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Stephan Orme, Susan Kegley, Tony Choi, and Brian Hill (2019): PAN Pesticide Database. Pesticide Action Network North America. Found online under http://pesticideinfo.org/, last updated on 26 January 2019, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Team, ChemLinked (2020): Login | ChemLinked. Found online under https://www.chemlinked.com/login?url=https://chemical.chemlinked.com/database, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Team, E. WebB.I. (2020): Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI). Found online under https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/, last updated on 05 August 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- University of Hertfordshire (2020): PPDB—Pesticides Properties DataBase. Found online under http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/ppDB/, last updated on 06 January 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- University of Hertfordshire (2020): VSDB—Veterinary Substances DataBase. Found online under http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/vsDB/index.htm, last updated on 19 March 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Wikipedia (Hg.) (2020): Main Page. Found online under https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=939357440, last updated on 05 February 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Wood, Alan (2020): Compendium of Pesticide Common Names. Found online under http://alanwood.net/pesticides/, last updated on 23 March 2020, last accessed on 05 August 2020.
- Ircsde (2019): Ontario substance database. Found online under: lrcsde.lrc.gov.on.ca/PCDWeb/search.action, last update unknown, last successfully accessed on 15 December 2019.
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Column | Description |
---|---|
Name DB | Full name of the DB, according to the information provided by the website |
Criterion 1 | If the DB still exists. |
Criterion 2 | If a search can be performed in the DB. |
Criterion 3 | The URL used is unique or the DB is unique. |
Criterion 4 | The website has a DB with a visible connection to the topic (chemical substance information, pesticide information, etc.) |
Criterion 5 | Is the website and DB current (updated in the last six months) or are there extensive updates occurring once a year. (Then the last 18 months are reviewed and taken into account.) |
Criterion 6 | Legal Status: Is scrapping of data allowed, under what copyright is the data available, the website allows download/usage of data and integration into another website or using the majority of the DB information for a research paper. |
Criterion 7 | The website is free of charge for academic/scientific purposes or in general, meaning no associated license fees. |
Criterion 8 | The DB data is unique and original to the website or—if not—the website harmonises multiple data sources. |
Criterion 9 | There are more than 1500 PEICs available on the website or the DB has unique information on individual substances that are not available in other DBs. |
Criterion 10 | Uses chemical class or use type information and provides one or both of these. |
Criterion 11 | Is not entirely integrated by another DB or has additional information that is not part of another DB (e.g., original DB) that reached the same stage in the decision tree. |
Criterion 12 | Softer criterion, the website/DB is global and not only of regional relevance. (Below 10k entries, and specifically for a particular state or country, DBs with above 50k substance entries are generally seen to be of international relevance.) |
URL | The URL to the landing page through which the DB can be publicly accessed. |
Initial discard criteria | The criteria why the DB was discarded. |
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Number | Information on the availability of CAS information within the DB. |
Last access | The point in time when the DB/website was last accessed. |
Column | Description |
---|---|
CAS Number | The CAS number of the substance. |
Substance Name | The common name of the substance (IUPAC/product name). |
SMILES | Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification (SMILES) structure description of the substance. |
Substance known * | Indicates if the substance was found in the DB (1 = yes, 0 = no). |
DB UT * | If and which UT information could be found regarding the substance (“Unknown” indicates that no information was available). |
DB CC * | If and which CC information could be found regarding the substance (CAS & Substance name) (“Unclassified” indicates that no information was available). |
Criterion | Decision (Criterion) | DBs That Fulfil the Respective Criterion * [n] | Discarded DBs [n] | Remaining DBs [n] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Start | - | 0 | 96 | |
1 | DB exists | 96 | 4 | 92 |
2 | Search function | 80 | 7 | 85 |
3 | Unique DB/URL | 88 | 7 | 78 |
4 | A relevant focus of DB | 65 | 24 | 55 |
5 | Frequent updates (18 months) | 74 | 10 | 45 |
6 | Legal status | 73 | 10 | 35 |
7 | Free of charge access DB | 74 | 2 | 33 |
8 | Data(set) | 76 | 0 | 33 |
9 | >1500 PEICs | 63 | 5 | 28 |
10 | UT or CC or both | 41 | 7 | 21 |
11 | Overlap | 29 | 7 | 14 |
12 | DB of global relevance | 59 | 5 | 9 |
Result | 9 |
Database | Known Substances (100 = max) | Substances with UT Information | Percentage Substances with UT Relative to the Number of Known Substances [%] | Substances with CC Information | Percentage of Substances with CC Relative to the Number of Known Substances [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ChemSpider | 99 | 48 | 48 | 68 | 69 |
Comptox EPA | 98 | 85 | 87 | 41 | 42 |
DrugBank | 15 | 12 | 80 | 10 | 67 |
EBI | 66 | 48 | 74 | 50 | 77 |
ECHA | 88 | 32 | 37 | 2 | 2 |
KEGG | 53 | 43 | 83 | 41 | 79 |
MAGIC-Graph | 100 | 56 | 56 | 48 | 48 |
NCBI group | 100 | 86 | 86 | 82 | 82 |
NPRO | 38 | 38 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
Wikipedia | 64 | 63 | 98 | 58 | 90 |
DB Name | Substances with Quality UT Information | Percentage of Substances with Quality UT Relative to the Number of All Substances with UT Information [%] | Substances with Quality CC | Percentage of Substances with Quality CC Relative to the Number of all Substances with CC Information [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|
ChemSpider | 45 | 94 | 60 | 88 |
Comptox EPA | 55 | 65 | 30 | 73 |
DrugBank | 11 | 92 | 9 | 90 |
EBI | 45 | 94 | 47 | 94 |
ECHA | 22 | 69 | 0 | 0 |
KEGG | 40 | 93 | 37 | 90 |
MAGIC-Graph | 52 | 93 | 27 | 56 |
NCBI group | 79 | 92 | 78 | 95 |
NPRO | 37 | 97 | 0 | 0 |
Wikipedia | 57 | 91 | 47 | 81 |
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Heinemann, N.; Bub, S.; Wolfram, J.; Stehle, S.; Petschick, L.L.; Schulz, R. A Compendium of Chemical Class and Use Type Open Access Databases. Data 2020, 5, 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/data5040114
Heinemann N, Bub S, Wolfram J, Stehle S, Petschick LL, Schulz R. A Compendium of Chemical Class and Use Type Open Access Databases. Data. 2020; 5(4):114. https://doi.org/10.3390/data5040114
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeinemann, Niklas, Sascha Bub, Jakob Wolfram, Sebastian Stehle, Lara L. Petschick, and Ralf Schulz. 2020. "A Compendium of Chemical Class and Use Type Open Access Databases" Data 5, no. 4: 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/data5040114