Therapeutic Potential of Fungal Polysaccharides in Gut Microbiota Regulation: Implications for Diabetes, Neurodegeneration, and Oncology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Bacterial Commensals
3. Fungal Polysaccharides
4. Bacterial Role in Fungal Polysaccharide Breakdown
5. Beta-Glucans and Their Impact on Gut Microbiota
6. Human Gut Bacteria’s Affinity for β-Glucan
7. Impact of Fungal Fiber Polysaccharides on Diabetes Care
8. Functional Fungal Polysaccharides and the Gut–Brain Connection in Preventing Neurodegenerative Diseases
9. Fungal Fiber Polysaccharides and Cancer Treatment
10. Future Perspectives
11. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Study Type | Functions and Health Benefits | References | |
---|---|---|---|
Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides | In Vivo, In Vitro | Enhances glucose metabolism, reduces colorectal cancer growth, promotes gut health, and protects against Alzheimer’s. | [2,3,4,5] |
Inonotus obliquus Polysaccharides | In Vivo, In Vitro | Ameliorates type 2 diabetes, lowers lipids, and inhibits tumor growth in colitis-associated cancer. | [6,7,8] |
Hericium erinaceus Polysaccharides | In Vivo, In Vitro | Regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, enhances gut and liver health, improves cognitive function in mice. | [9,10,11] |
Lentinula edodes Polysaccharides | Clinical Trial, In Vivo | Evaluated in subjects with high cholesterol; no lipid change but improved dietary fiber intake and gut microbiota. Protects against diet-induced cognitive decline in mice, enhancing gut–brain axis and synaptic functions. | [12,13,14] |
Auricularia auricula Polysaccharides | In Vivo | Boosts immune function in treated mice, enhances cytokines and tight junction proteins, and restores gut microbiota, suggesting use in food and pharmaceuticals. | [15,16] |
Grifola frondosa Polysaccharides | In Vivo | Shows anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects; modulates gut microbiota and SCFA in diabetic mice, improving intestinal and microbial balance. | [17,18,19,20] |
Pleurotus ostreatus Polysaccharides | In Vivo | Supports gut health in A. japonicus and immunosuppressed mice and enhances immune response, SCFAs, and gut microbiota diversity. | [21,22,23] |
Gynostemma pentaphyllum Polysaccharides | In Vivo | Modulates gut microbiota, enhances anticancer effects in mice. Reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic mice. | [24,25,26] |
Amanita caesarea Polysaccharides | In Vivo | Polysaccharides enhance cognitive function, alleviate inflammation, and modulate oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s models. | [27,28] |
Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharides | In Vivo, In Vitro | Improves memory and cognition in Alzheimer’s mice, enhances SCFAs and LCFAs, and modulates gut microbiota balance. | [29,30,31] |
Morchella esculenta Polysaccharides | In Vivo, In Vitro | Regulates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, improves insulin sensitivity and gut microbiota, reduces inflammation, and enhances intestinal health. | [32,33] |
Sarcodon aspratus Polysaccharides | In Vivo | Ameliorates obesity-related metabolic disorders, modulates gut microbiota, enhances probiotics, and reduces stress-triggered bacteria. | [34,35,36] |
Flammulina velutipes Polysaccharides | In Vivo | Mitigates CdCl2-induced intestinal inflammation and ulcerative colitis in mice, modulates gut microbiota and SCFAs, and enhances metabolic capacity. | [37,38] |
Poria cocos Polysaccharides | In Vivo | Improves glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism. Prevents NASH progression by modulating gut microbiota and suppressing inflammation. | [39,40] |
Boletus edulis Polysaccharides | In Vitro, In Vivo | Modulates human microbiota, reduces inflammation, enhances antioxidant capacity, and mitigates antibiotic-induced and diabetes-associated dysbiosis. | [41,42] |
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Barcan, A.S.; Barcan, R.A.; Vamanu, E. Therapeutic Potential of Fungal Polysaccharides in Gut Microbiota Regulation: Implications for Diabetes, Neurodegeneration, and Oncology. J. Fungi 2024, 10, 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10060394
Barcan AS, Barcan RA, Vamanu E. Therapeutic Potential of Fungal Polysaccharides in Gut Microbiota Regulation: Implications for Diabetes, Neurodegeneration, and Oncology. Journal of Fungi. 2024; 10(6):394. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10060394
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarcan, Alexandru Stefan, Rares Andrei Barcan, and Emanuel Vamanu. 2024. "Therapeutic Potential of Fungal Polysaccharides in Gut Microbiota Regulation: Implications for Diabetes, Neurodegeneration, and Oncology" Journal of Fungi 10, no. 6: 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10060394