Enhanced Soil Fertility and Carbon Dynamics in Organic Farming Systems: The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Abundance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sites and Soil Sample Collection
2.2. Soil Physicochemical Analyses
2.3. Extraction of Glomalin-Related Soil Proteins
2.4. DNA Extraction and qPCR
2.5. High-Throughput Sequencing and Data Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. No Impact of Agricultural Practice on Soil Physicochemical Parameters
3.2. AMF Diversity Unaffected by Farming Practices across Crops
3.3. Stable Microbial Abundances Revealed via qPCR in Different Farming Practices across Crops
3.4. AMF Abundance Correlates with Soil Nutrient and Carbon in Organic Farming Practices
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Maize | Pepper | Potato | All | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conventional (n = 10) | Organic (n = 7) | Conventional (n = 8) | Organic (n = 4) | Conventional (n = 8) | Organic (n = 3) | Conventional (n = 26) | Organic (n = 14) | |
pH | 6.0 ± 0.6 | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 6.5 ± 0.6 | 6.7 ± 0.7 | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 6.7 ± 0.8 | 6.2 ± 1.0 | 6.3 ± 0.9 |
EC (mS/cm) | 264.4 ± 250.7 | 305.1 ± 120.1 | 302.5 ± 251.2 | 123.4 ± 71.2 * | 461.3 ± 265.7 | 216.9 ± 170.3 | 323.9 ± 262.5 | 232.8 ± 138.5 |
SOC (g/kg) | 13.2 ± 5.5 | 13.5 ± 4.0 | 17.5 ± 11.4 | 8.4 ± 5.2 * | 13.8 ± 3.1 | 15.2 ± 13.7 | 14.7 ± 7.9 | 12.2 ± 6.8 |
TC (%) | 2.1 ± 1.8 | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 1.1 ± 0.8 * | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 1.9 ± 1.4 | 1.5 ± 0.7 |
TN (%) | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 * | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.1 |
C:N ratio | 8.6 ± 1.3 | 9.3 ± 0.9 | 9.0 ± 1.5 | 7.7 ± 3.6 | 15.7 ± 30.5 | 6.8 ± 4.7 | 10.4 ± 14.6 | 8.4 ± 2.8 |
P2O5 (mg/kg) | 495.1 ± 349.2 | 786.8 ± 351.3 * | 878.9 ± 281.1 | 421.8 ± 179 * | 1208.1 ± 356 | 1014.2 ± 605.6 | 790.8 ± 444.3 | 706.4 ± 403.9 |
EEG (mgprotein/gsoil) | 3.9 ± 1.6 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 2.0 ± 1.4 * | 4.4 ± 1.2 | 4.0 ± 0.8 | 3.8 ± 1.5 | 3.0 ± 1.3 |
TEG (mgprotein/gsoil) | 7.2 ± 1.9 | 8.4 ± 4.2 | 8.3 ± 4.0 | 4.6 ± 1.9 * | 9.7 ± 3.9 | 8.1 ± 3.3 | 8.3 ± 3.4 | 7.2 ± 3.8 * |
Ca (cmol/kg) | 4.6 ± 1.9 | 5.8 ± 2.0 | 6.9 ± 2.3 | 5.3 ± 2.2 | 5.7 ± 1.5 | 5.9 ± 4.1 | 5.6 ± 2.3 | 5.6 ± 2.4 |
K (cmol/kg) | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.1 * | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 0.9 ± 1.3 | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 0.7 ± 0.8 |
Mg (cmol/kg) | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.6 * | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 1.9 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 1.1 |
Na (cmol/kg) | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.1 * | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 |
CEC (cmol/kg) | 9.2 ± 2.7 | 12.1 ± 2.2 * | 11.5 ± 3.5 | 8.8 ± 3.5 | 11.9 ± 4.1 | 9.9 ± 6.4 | 10.6 ± 3.7 | 10.7 ± 3.7 |
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Park, S.H.; Kang, B.R.; Kim, J.; Lee, Y.; Nam, H.S.; Lee, T.K. Enhanced Soil Fertility and Carbon Dynamics in Organic Farming Systems: The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Abundance. J. Fungi 2024, 10, 598. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10090598
Park SH, Kang BR, Kim J, Lee Y, Nam HS, Lee TK. Enhanced Soil Fertility and Carbon Dynamics in Organic Farming Systems: The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Abundance. Journal of Fungi. 2024; 10(9):598. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10090598
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, So Hee, Bo Ram Kang, Jinsook Kim, Youngmi Lee, Hong Shik Nam, and Tae Kwon Lee. 2024. "Enhanced Soil Fertility and Carbon Dynamics in Organic Farming Systems: The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Abundance" Journal of Fungi 10, no. 9: 598. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10090598