Fungal Diversity in an Undisturbed Andean Páramo Soil in Quimsacocha (Ecuador)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling Site and Collection
2.2. Physicochemical Analysis of Soils
2.3. Extraction of Environmental DNA in Soil Samples
2.4. PCR Amplification and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS, Illumina MiSeq)
2.5. Taxonomic Assignment of Sequence Reads and Diversity Indices
2.6. Access Numbers
3. Results
3.1. Soil Physico-Chemical Analyses
3.2. Soil Fungal Assemblage Composition
3.2.1. Subkingdom Dikarya
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
3.2.2. Subkingdom Mucoromyceta
Mortierellomycota
Glomeromycota
Mucoromycota
3.3. Soil Microbial Diversity in the Sampling Sites
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling Site | Number of
Collected Samples | Altitude | Coordinate WGS 84 Datum UTM 17S | Area Ha. |
---|---|---|---|---|
L1 | 25 | 3040–3346 | 698,168.73–9,656,567.90 | 348.71 |
L2 | 25 | 3346–3656 | 696,462.02–9,657,059.22 | 1847.58 |
L3 | 27 | 3653–3960 | 696,670.66–9,658,961.80 | 5763.71 |
Sampling Sites | Organic Matter | pH | NH4+ | NO3− | P | K | Ca | Na+ |
L1 | 54.17 a | 4.81 a | 143.30 c | 4.50 c | 14.49 a | 0.18 c | 1.41 c | 0.08 a |
L2 | 28.77 b | 4.70 b | 203.08 b | 9.10 a | 10.70 c | 0.34 a | 1.49 b | 0.03 b |
L3 | 25.79 c | 4.80 a | 272.11 a | 6.00 b | 10.80 b | 0.25 b | 1.99 a | 0.02 c |
Sampling Sites | Mg | S | Zn2+ | Cu2+ | Fe2+ | Mn | B | Cl− |
L1 | 0.51 b | 6.60 c | 7.40 a | 1.30 c | 880.80 a | 4.50 c | 0.01 a | 0.70 a |
L2 | 0.70 c | 8.81 b | 2.20 c | 3.03 b | 552.80 c | 5.30 b | 0.01 a | 0.70 a |
L3 | 0.72 a | 10.20 a | 4.50 b | 5.20 a | 716.20 b | 13.80 a | 0.01 a | 0.70 a |
Altitude Level | Sample | Average % Humidity | Standard Deviation %Humidity | Humidity Group |
---|---|---|---|---|
L1 | S2 | 45.3 | 1 | Dry |
S3 | 76.1 | 0.2 | Wet | |
S4 | 81.6 | 0.2 | Wet | |
S5 | 51.1 | 0.9 | Dry | |
S6 | 49.4 | 0.3 | Dry | |
S7 | 42.8 | 2.7 | Dry | |
L2 | S8 | 39.4 | 0.3 | Dry |
S9 | 71.4 | 0.9 | Wet | |
S10 | 51.6 | 0.4 | Dry | |
S11 | 42.2 | 0.3 | Dry | |
S12 | 47.1 | 0.2 | Dry | |
S13 | 68.6 | 0.6 | Wet | |
L3 | S14 | 72.1 | 0.5 | Wet |
S15 | 37.5 | 0.1 | Dry | |
S16 | 51.3 | 0.2 | Dry | |
S17 | 67.8 | 1.5 | Wet | |
S18 | 78 | 0.8 | Wet | |
S19 | 48.5 | 0.3 | Dry | |
S20 | 75.2 | 1.1 | Wet |
Fungal Genera | Relative Abundance in Dry Soils | Relative Abundance in Wet Soils |
---|---|---|
Microglossum | 0.09% | 13.34% |
Porpolomopsis | 0.01% | 10.36% |
Clohesyomyces | 0.00% | 0.07% |
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Delgado-Fernández, E.; Nicola, L.; Covarrubias, S.A.; Girometta, C.E.; Valdez-Tenezaca, A. Fungal Diversity in an Undisturbed Andean Páramo Soil in Quimsacocha (Ecuador). J. Fungi 2024, 10, 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10090623
Delgado-Fernández E, Nicola L, Covarrubias SA, Girometta CE, Valdez-Tenezaca A. Fungal Diversity in an Undisturbed Andean Páramo Soil in Quimsacocha (Ecuador). Journal of Fungi. 2024; 10(9):623. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10090623
Chicago/Turabian StyleDelgado-Fernández, Ernesto, Lidia Nicola, Sergio A. Covarrubias, Carolina Elena Girometta, and Adrián Valdez-Tenezaca. 2024. "Fungal Diversity in an Undisturbed Andean Páramo Soil in Quimsacocha (Ecuador)" Journal of Fungi 10, no. 9: 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10090623