Rethinking of the Roles of Endophyte Symbiosis and Mycotoxin in Oxytropis Plants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Distribution, Diversity, and Abundance of Oxytropis spp. and Alternaria sect. Undifilum
1.2. Propagation and Reproduction of A. sect. Undifilum
1.3. The Endophyte and the Biosynthesis of Swainsonine
1.4. The Biosynthesis Pathway of Swainsonine
1.5. The Speculated Ecological Role of the Symbiosis in Oxytropis and Its Evolution
2. Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Region | Dominant Species | Typical Area | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
America (5 species) | Oxytropissericea | Utah; Arizona; New Mexico; Oklahoma; Kansas; Montana; Wyoming; Idaho; North Dakota; Texas; Alaska | [26,27] |
Oxytropis lambertii | Utah; Arizona; New Mexico; Oklahoma; Kansas | ||
Oxytropis campestris var. dispar | Montana; Alaska | ||
Oxytropis besseyi var. salmonensis | Montana; Wyoming | ||
Oxytropis besseyi var. bessey | Montana; Wyoming | ||
China (8 species) | Oxytropis glabra | Alasan Left Banner, Inner Mongolia; Akqi, Xinjiang; Hangjin Banner, Inner Mongolia | [28,29,30] |
Oxytropis falcate | Yushu, Qinghai; | ||
Oxytropis ochrocephala | Haiyuan, Ningxia; Qilian, Qinghai | ||
Oxytropis kansuensis | Tianzhu, Gansu; Zeku, Qinghai; Hainan, Qinghai | ||
Oxytropis glacialis | Ali, Tibet | ||
Oxytropis sericopetata | Qusum, Tibet | ||
Oxytropis deflexa | Qilian, Qinghai | ||
Oxytropis hirta | Shanxi (North); Gansu (East) |
Host Plants | Location | References |
---|---|---|
Oxytropis sericea | New Mexico (NM), USA | [19,32] |
Oxytropis sericea | Colorado (CO), USA | [32,33] |
Oxytropis sericea | Utah (UT), USA | [16,32,34,35] |
Oxytropis sericea | Wyoming (WY), USA | [34] |
Oxytropis lambertii | NM, USA | [27] |
Oxytropis lambertii | UT, USA | [36] |
Oxytropis lambertii | Arizona, USA | [36] |
Oxytropis kansuensis | Gansu, China | [30,37] |
Oxytropis kansuensis | Qinghai, China | [31] |
Oxytropis ochrocepala | Ningxia, China | [37,38] |
Oxytropis ochrocephala | Qinghai, China | [39] |
Oxytropis sericopetala | Tibet, China | [30] |
Oxytropis glacialis | Tibet, China | [30] |
Oxytropis glabra | Inner Mongolia, China | [37,40,41] |
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Guan, H.; Liu, X.; Mur, L.A.J.; Fu, Y.; Wei, Y.; Wang, J.; He, W. Rethinking of the Roles of Endophyte Symbiosis and Mycotoxin in Oxytropis Plants. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 400. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7050400
Guan H, Liu X, Mur LAJ, Fu Y, Wei Y, Wang J, He W. Rethinking of the Roles of Endophyte Symbiosis and Mycotoxin in Oxytropis Plants. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7(5):400. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7050400
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuan, Huirui, Xin Liu, Luis A. J. Mur, Yanping Fu, Yahui Wei, Jing Wang, and Wei He. 2021. "Rethinking of the Roles of Endophyte Symbiosis and Mycotoxin in Oxytropis Plants" Journal of Fungi 7, no. 5: 400. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7050400