Changes in Digestive Microbiota, Rumen Fermentations and Oxidative Stress around Parturition Are Alleviated by Live Yeast Feed Supplementation to Gestating Ewes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Diets and Animals
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. Measured Parameters
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Rumen pH and VFAs
3.2. Rumen and Feces Microbiota
3.2.1. qPCR Results
3.2.2. 16S-DNA Sequencing Results
- Differential analysis of OTUs
3.2.3. 18S-DNA Sequencing Results
- Alpha and beta diversity measures
- Relative abundance of the main taxonomic groups
- Differential analysis of OTUs
3.3. Blood Biomarkers
3.3.1. Oxidative Stress Blood Markers
3.3.2. Metabolic Status Blood Markers
3.4. Lambs Birth Weight
4. Discussion
4.1. What Was the Microbial Profile in Gestating Ewes?
4.2. What Happened to the Digestive Microbiota and Activity of Control Ewes Around Parturition?
4.3. What Was the Impact of Parturition on Oxidative and Metabolic Status of the Control Ewes?
4.4. What Were the Effects of S. Cerevisiae I-1077 Supplementation around Parturition?
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measured Parameter | Group | Time | Interaction G × T |
---|---|---|---|
Total VFA | 0.309 | 0.164 | 0.060 |
Acetate | 0.357 | 0.080 | 0.086 |
Propionate | 0.131 | 0.722 | 0.047 |
Butyrate | 0.569 | 0.647 | 0.055 |
Isobutyrate | 0.891 | 0.168 | 0.136 |
Isovalerate | 0.870 | 0.607 | 0.131 |
Valerate | 0.535 | 0.002 | 0.085 |
Caproate | 0.142 | 0.002 | 0.180 |
Log10 of Copy Numbers/g Pelleted Rumen Content | BS | Pa | PP | p-Value from Linear Mixed Model on Ydiff | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Target | Control | SC | Control | SC | Control | SC | Group | Time | Interaction G X T |
Total bacteria | 10.86 ± 0.09 | 10.83 ± 0.18 | 10.91 ± 0.11 | 10.91 ± 0.24 | 10.78 ± 0.07 | 10.78 ± 0.17 | 0.648 | 0.019 | 0.941 |
Ruminococcus flavefaciens | 7.72 ± 0.32 | 8.09 ± 0.42 | 8.03 ± 0.16 | 7.79 ± 0.29 | 7.8 ± 0.12 | 7.8 ± 0.23 | 0.013 | 0.181 | 0.152 |
Ruminococcus albus | 6.64 ± 0.16 | 6.9 ± 0.24 | 6.85 ± 0.35 | 6.99 ± 0.47 | 7.16 ± 0.25 | 7.19 ± 0.22 | 0.157 | 0.003 | 0.403 |
Fibrobacter succinogenes | 9.61 ± 0.17 | 9.37 ± 0.38 | 9.28 ± 0.10 | 9.32 ± 0.19 | 9.32 ± 0.38 | 9.24 ± 0.16 | NA | NA | NA |
Prevotella | 8.93 ± 0.12 | 8.94 ± 0.19 | 8.96 ± 0.11 | 9.01 ± 0.16 | 8.84 ± 0.17 | 8.76 ± 0.18 | 0.831 | 0.013 | 0.315 |
Megasphaera elsdenii | 2.48 ± 0.32 | 2.42 ± 0.17 | 2.41 ± 0.5 | 2.68 ± 0.17 | 2.55 ± 0.32 | 2.70 ± 0.31 | 0.438 | 0.234 | 0.825 |
Methanogenic Archaea | 7.66 ± 0.23 | 7.87 ± 0.23 | 7.95 ± 0.29 | 8.07 ± 0.19 | 7.85 ± 0.41 | 8.02 ± 0.21 | 0.726 | 0.129 | 0.923 |
Protozoa | 9.84 ± 0.14 | 9.52 ± 0.66 | 9.92 ± 0.34 | 9.33 ± 0.52 | 9.51 ± 0.15 | 9.28 ± 0.31 | 0.786 | 0.106 | 0.200 |
Anaerobic fungi | 6.27 ± 0.37 | 6.19 ± 0.64 | 6.36 ± 0.71 | 6.13 ± 0.49 | 5.94 ± 0.72 | 6.16 ± 0.39 | 0.819 | 0.486 | 0.426 |
S. cerevisiae | 5.89 ± 0.49 | 5.65 ± 0.38 | 6.12 ± 0.6 | 7.49 ± 0.34 | 5.6 ± 0.18 | 5.91 ± 0.54 | 0.027 | 0.001 | 0.003 |
Alpha-Div Indexes | Group | Time | G × T |
---|---|---|---|
Observed OTUs | 0.589 | 0.001 | 0.626 |
Shannon | 0.851 | 0.003 | 0.178 |
Alpha-Div Indexes | Group | Time | G × T |
---|---|---|---|
Observed OTUs | 0.017 | 0.010 | 0.335 |
Shannon | 0.013 | 0.264 | 0.229 |
Phylum | Group | Time | G × T |
---|---|---|---|
Actinobacteria | 0.589 | 0.039 | 0.503 |
Bacteroidetes | 0.225 | 0.044 | 0.445 |
Cyanobacteria | 0.254 | 0.138 | 0.312 |
Euryarchaeota | 0.051 | 0.260 | 0.952 |
Fibrobacteres | 0.565 | 0.747 | 0.241 |
Firmicutes | 0.562 | 0.138 | 0.371 |
Proteobacteria | 0.259 | 0.006 | 0.776 |
Spirochaetes | 0.672 | 0.013 | 0.219 |
Phylum | Group | Time | G × T |
---|---|---|---|
Bacteroidetes | 0.044 | 0.034 | 0.523 |
Euryarchaeota | 0.355 | 0.928 | 0.920 |
Fibrobacteres | 0.066 | 0.0001 | 0.013 |
Firmicutes | 0.442 | 0.146 | 0.891 |
Proteobacteria | 0.614 | 0.004 | 0.936 |
Spirochaetes | 0.241 | 0.414 | 0.495 |
Tenericutes | 0.914 | 0.357 | 0.953 |
Verrucomicrobia | 0.183 | 0.453 | 0.712 |
Protozoa | Group | Time | G × T |
---|---|---|---|
Dasytricha | 0.224 | 0.007 | 0.514 |
Entodinium | 0.843 | 0.291 | 0.085 |
Eudiplodinium | 0.871 | 0.899 | 0.041 |
Isotricha | 0.625 | 0.032 | 0.015 |
Metadinium | 0.799 | 0.0002 | 0.115 |
Polyplastron | 0.14 | 0.001 | 0.550 |
Unidentified Litostomatea | 0.811 | 0.013 | 0.284 |
Total Litostomatea | 0.150 | 0.302 | 0.445 |
Phylum | Group | Time | G × T |
---|---|---|---|
Ascomycota | 0.103 | <0.0001 | 0.065 |
Basidiomycota | 0.009 | 0.971 | 0.289 |
Neocallimastigomycota | 0.229 | <0.0001 | 0.528 |
Unidentified fungi | 0.209 | 0.001 | 0.111 |
Anaerobic Fungi | Group | Time | G × T |
---|---|---|---|
Cyllamyces | 0.500 | 0.007 | 0.179 |
Orpinomyces | 0.825 | 0.201 | 0.704 |
Unidentified Neocallimastigomycota | 0.180 | <0.0001 | 0.604 |
Total | 0.236 | <0.0001 | 0.543 |
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Dunière, L.; Esparteiro, D.; Lebbaoui, Y.; Ruiz, P.; Bernard, M.; Thomas, A.; Durand, D.; Forano, E.; Chaucheyras-Durand, F. Changes in Digestive Microbiota, Rumen Fermentations and Oxidative Stress around Parturition Are Alleviated by Live Yeast Feed Supplementation to Gestating Ewes. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 447. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7060447
Dunière L, Esparteiro D, Lebbaoui Y, Ruiz P, Bernard M, Thomas A, Durand D, Forano E, Chaucheyras-Durand F. Changes in Digestive Microbiota, Rumen Fermentations and Oxidative Stress around Parturition Are Alleviated by Live Yeast Feed Supplementation to Gestating Ewes. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7(6):447. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7060447
Chicago/Turabian StyleDunière, Lysiane, Damien Esparteiro, Yacine Lebbaoui, Philippe Ruiz, Mickael Bernard, Agnès Thomas, Denys Durand, Evelyne Forano, and Frédérique Chaucheyras-Durand. 2021. "Changes in Digestive Microbiota, Rumen Fermentations and Oxidative Stress around Parturition Are Alleviated by Live Yeast Feed Supplementation to Gestating Ewes" Journal of Fungi 7, no. 6: 447. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7060447