Ca2+ Signalling Differentially Regulates Germ-Tube Formation and Cell Fusion in Fusarium oxysporum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Culture Conditions of F. oxysporum
2.2. Pharmacological Inhibition, Microscopy and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Extracellular Ca2+ Is Required for CAT Induction but Not Germ-Tube Formation
3.2. Calcium Entry/Exit through Calcium Channels Is Required for Germ-Tube Formation and CAT Induction
3.3. Calmodulin Inhibition by Calmidazolium Inhibits CAT Induction and Germ-Tube Formation
3.4. Inhibition of Calcineurin Function Inhibits CAT Induction but Not Germ-Tube Formation
3.5. Calcium Sequestration through the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Is Required for CAT Induction and Germination
3.6. ER Calcium ATPase Inhibition by Thapsigargin Partially Inhibits CAT Induction but Not Germ-Tube Formation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Solvent | Source | Concentration |
---|---|---|---|
BAPTA | Water | Invitrogen Life Technologies | 0–15 mM |
Calmidazolium | DMSO | Acros Organics | 0–20 µM |
Cyclosporin A | DMSO | InvivoGen | 0–100 µM |
FK506 | DMSO | InvivoGen | 0–20 µM |
RU360 | Water | Calbiochem | 0–1 µM |
Thapsigargin | DMSO | Sigma Aldrich | 0–100 µM |
Verapamil | Water | Sigma Aldrich | 0–15 mM |
Pharmacological Agent | Mode of Action in Mammalian Cells | MIC for Germ-Tube Formation | MIC for CAT Induction | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1% PDB | Fusion Media | |||
BAPTA | extracellular Ca2+ ion chelation | no inhibition | no inhibition | 5 mM |
Calmidazolium | inhibits calmodulin | 10 µM | 10 µM | 5 µM |
Cyclosporin A | inhibits calcineurin | no inhibition | no inhibition | >100 µM |
FK506 | inhibits calcineurin | no inhibition | no inhibition | 4 µM |
RU360 | inihibits mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter | 0.75 µM | 1 µM | 0.15 µM |
Thapsigargin | inhibits ER Ca2+ ion sequestration | no inhibition | no inhibition | no full inhibition |
Verapamil | inhibits Cch1 | 5 mM | 10 mM | 2 mM |
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Kurian, S.M.; Lichius, A.; Read, N.D. Ca2+ Signalling Differentially Regulates Germ-Tube Formation and Cell Fusion in Fusarium oxysporum. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8010090
Kurian SM, Lichius A, Read ND. Ca2+ Signalling Differentially Regulates Germ-Tube Formation and Cell Fusion in Fusarium oxysporum. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(1):90. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8010090
Chicago/Turabian StyleKurian, Smija M., Alexander Lichius, and Nick D. Read. 2022. "Ca2+ Signalling Differentially Regulates Germ-Tube Formation and Cell Fusion in Fusarium oxysporum" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 1: 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8010090