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Article

Essential Oil from Croton blanchetianus Leaves: Anticandidal Potential and Mechanisms of Action

by
Ellen A. Malveira
1,
Pedro F. N. Souza
1,2,*,
Nilton A. S. Neto
1,
Tawanny K. B. Aguiar
1,
Natanael S. Rodrigues
3,
Carlos W. B. Henrique
3,
Ayrles F. B. Silva
1,
Leandro B. Lima
4,
Cynthia C. Albuquerque
3 and
Cleverson D. T. Freitas
1,*
1
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil
2
Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-160, Brazil
3
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59650-000, Brazil
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59650-000, Brazil
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Fungi 2022, 8(11), 1147; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111147
Submission received: 1 October 2022 / Revised: 26 October 2022 / Accepted: 27 October 2022 / Published: 29 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Fungal Pathogenesis and Disease Control)
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Abstract

Antimicrobial drugs are becoming ineffective given the resistance acquired by microorganisms. As such, it is imperative to seek new antimicrobial molecules that could provide a basis for the development of new drugs. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential and the mechanisms of action of the essential oil extracted from leaves of Croton blanchetianus (named CbEO) on different fungi and bacteria of clinical importance in both planktonic and biofilm lifestyles. GC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of twenty-two different compounds in the CbEO, which were identified using the Kovats retention index. Among these, the most abundant were amorphene (20.03%), spathulenol (5%), bicyclogermacrene (1.49%), caryophyllene oxide (4.55%), and eucalyptol (5.62%). CbOE (50 µg mL−1) barely inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis (23%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27%), and Salmonella enterica (28%), and no inhibition was obtained against Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, no activity against bacterial biofilm was detected. In contrast, CbEO was active against Candida species. C. albicans and C. parapsilosis were inhibited by 78 and 75%, respectively. The antibiofilm potential also was favorable against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, inhibiting 44 and 74% of biofilm formation and reducing around 41 and 27% of the preformed biofilm, respectively. CbOE caused membrane damage and pore formation, overproduction of ROS, and apoptosis on C. albicans and C. parapsilosis cells, as well as not inducing hemolysis in human red cells. The results obtained in this work raise the possibility of using the essential oil of C. blanchetianus leaves as an alternative to fight infections caused by C. albicans and C. parapsilosis.
Keywords: essential oil; GC-MS/MS; biotechnological potential; Candida genus; antibiofilm activity essential oil; GC-MS/MS; biotechnological potential; Candida genus; antibiofilm activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Malveira, E.A.; Souza, P.F.N.; Neto, N.A.S.; Aguiar, T.K.B.; Rodrigues, N.S.; Henrique, C.W.B.; Silva, A.F.B.; Lima, L.B.; Albuquerque, C.C.; Freitas, C.D.T. Essential Oil from Croton blanchetianus Leaves: Anticandidal Potential and Mechanisms of Action. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111147

AMA Style

Malveira EA, Souza PFN, Neto NAS, Aguiar TKB, Rodrigues NS, Henrique CWB, Silva AFB, Lima LB, Albuquerque CC, Freitas CDT. Essential Oil from Croton blanchetianus Leaves: Anticandidal Potential and Mechanisms of Action. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(11):1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111147

Chicago/Turabian Style

Malveira, Ellen A., Pedro F. N. Souza, Nilton A. S. Neto, Tawanny K. B. Aguiar, Natanael S. Rodrigues, Carlos W. B. Henrique, Ayrles F. B. Silva, Leandro B. Lima, Cynthia C. Albuquerque, and Cleverson D. T. Freitas. 2022. "Essential Oil from Croton blanchetianus Leaves: Anticandidal Potential and Mechanisms of Action" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 11: 1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111147

APA Style

Malveira, E. A., Souza, P. F. N., Neto, N. A. S., Aguiar, T. K. B., Rodrigues, N. S., Henrique, C. W. B., Silva, A. F. B., Lima, L. B., Albuquerque, C. C., & Freitas, C. D. T. (2022). Essential Oil from Croton blanchetianus Leaves: Anticandidal Potential and Mechanisms of Action. Journal of Fungi, 8(11), 1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111147

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