Trichoderma spp.-Related Pneumonia: A Case Report in Heart–Lung Transplantation Recipient and a Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
The Clinical Case
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Approach
2.2. Eligibility Criteria and Information Sources
2.3. Search Strategy
- Pubmed: (“trichoderma”[MeSH Terms] OR “trichoderma”[All Fields] OR “trichodermas”[All Fields]) AND ((“human s”[All Fields] OR “humans”[MeSH Terms] OR “humans”[All Fields] OR “human”[All Fields]) AND (“infect”[All Fields] OR “infectability”[All Fields] OR “infectable”[All Fields] OR “infectant”[All Fields] OR “infectants”[All Fields] OR “infected”[All Fields] OR “infecteds”[All Fields] OR “infectibility”[All Fields] OR “infectible”[All Fields] OR “infecting”[All Fields] OR “infection s”[All Fields] OR “infections”[MeSH Terms] OR “infections”[All Fields] OR “infection”[All Fields] OR “infective”[All Fields] OR “infectiveness”[All Fields] OR “infectives”[All Fields] OR “infectivities”[All Fields] OR “infects”[All Fields] OR “pathogenicity”[MeSH Subheading] OR “pathogenicity”[All Fields] OR “infectivity”[All Fields]));
- Embase, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov, and grey literature: (‘trichoderma’/exp OR trichoderma) AND (‘human infection’ OR ((‘human’/exp OR human) AND (‘infection’/exp OR infection))).
2.4. Selection and Data Collection Process
2.5. Data Collection Process and Data Synthesis
2.6. Risk of Bias Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Search Results
3.2. Trichoderma and the Related Disease
3.3. Diagnostic Tests and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing
3.4. Antifungal Management
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Robertson et al. [16] | 1969 | UK | Trichoderma spp. | Disseminated | AmB | Infection resolution | |
Escudero Gil et al. [17] | 1976 | Spain | T. viride | Acute myeloid leukemia | Pulmonary infection | Surgery | Infection resolution |
Escudero Gil et al. [17] | 1976 | Spain | T. viride | Acute myeloid leukemia | Pulmonary infection | AmB + VOR + CASP | Infection resolution |
Loeppky et al. [18] | 1983 | USA | T. viride | Renal failure secondary to amyloidosis | Peritonitis | Peritoneal catheter removal + AmB | Infection resolution |
Ragnaud et al. [19] | 1984 | France | T. koningii | CAPD | Peritonitis | Peritoneal catheter removal + miconazole | Infection resolution |
Jacobs et al. [20] | 1992 | Belgium | T. viride | Liver transplantation | Perihepatic hematoma and peritoneal fluid | AmB + FLU | Death |
Imokawa et al. [21] | 1993 | Japan | Trichoderma spp. | Not stated | Pulmonary infection | NK | NK |
Tanis et al. [22] | 1995 | The Netherlands | T. longibrachiatum | Renal transplantation | Peritonitis | AmB | Death |
Gautheret et al. [23] | 1995 | France | T. pseudokoningii | Bone marow transplantation | Disseminated | AmB + 5-FC | Death |
Seguin et al. [24] | 1995 | France | T. longibrachiatum | Leukemia | Brain abscess | AmB, ITR + surgery | Infection resolution |
Kawaguchi et al. [25] | 1995 | Japan | T. viride | Pulmonary infection | NK | NK | |
Guiserix et al. [26] | 1996 | France | T. harzianum | CAPD | Peritonitis | Peritoneal catheter removal + KET | Death |
Campos-Herrero et al. [27] | 1996 | Spain | T. koningii | CAPD | Peritonitis | KET | Death |
Munoz et al. [28] | 1997 | USA | T. longibrachiatum | Aplastic anemia | Skin infection | AmB | Infection resolution |
Bren et al. [29] | 1998 | Slovenia | Trichoderma spp. | End-stage renal failure and CAPD | Peritonitis | KET | Infection resolution |
Furukawa et al. [30] | 1998 | USA | T. longibrachiatum | Small-bowel and liver transplantation | Invasive sinusitis | AmB + ITR, surgery | Infection resolution |
Richter et al. [31] | 1999 | USA | T. longibrachiatum | Allo-HSCT | Disseminated | AmB, ITR | Death |
Guarro et al. [32] | 1999 | Spain | T. harzianum | Renal transplantation | Brain abscess | None | Death |
Rota et al. [33] | 2000 | Italy | T. pseudokoningii | CAPD | Peritonitis | Peritoneal catheter removal + AmB | Infection resolution |
Bustamante-Labarta et al. [34] | 2000 | Argentina | Trichoderma spp. | Aorta surgery | Endocarditis | Antifungal, graft replaced | Infection resolution |
Amato et al. [35] | 2002 | Portugal | Trichoderma spp. | AIDS | Encephalitis | AmB | Infection resolution |
Chouaki et al. [36] | 2002 | France | T. longibrachiatum | Liver transplantation | Perihepatic hematoma | Surgery | Infection resolution |
Chouaki et al. [36] | 2002 | France | T. longibrachiatum | Lung transplantation | Pulmonary infection | Amb | Death |
Myoken et al. [37] | 2002 | Japan | T. longibrachiatum | Lymphoma | Necrotizing stomatitis | AmB, ITR | Death |
Esel et al. [38] | 2003 | Turkey | Trichoderma spp. | CAPD | peritonitis | AmB | Death |
De Miguel et al. [39] | 2005 | Spain | T. viride | Acute myeloid leukemia | Pulmonary infection | AmB and VOR | Infection resolution |
Alanio et al. [40] | 2008 | France | T. longibrachiatum | Hematologic malignancy | Pulmonary infection | VOR and CASP | Infection resolution |
Kviliute et al. [41] | 2008 | Lithuania | T. citrinoviride | Acute myeloid leukemia | Pulmonary infection | AmB | Infection resolution |
Lagrange-Xélot et al. [42] | 2008 | France | Trichoderma longibrachiatum | AIDS | Pulmonary infection | AmB and VOR | Infection resolution |
Trabelsi et al. [43] | 2010 | Tunisia | Trichoderma spp. | Renal transplantation | Skin abscess and intertrigo | VOR | Infection resolution |
Santillan Salas et al. [44] | 2011 | USA | T. longibrachiatum | Cardiac pediatric surgery | Mediastinitis and peritonitis | CASP and subsequently VOR and intraperitoneal AmB | Infection resolution |
Rodríguez Peralta et al. [45] | 2013 | Spain | T. longibrachiatum | Home parenteral nutrition patient | Endocarditis | CASP | Infection resolution |
Molnár-Gábor et al. [46] | 2013 | Hungary | T. longibrachiatum | Immunocompetent patient | Sinusitis | Topical AmB + surgical debridement | Infection resolution |
Festuccia et al. [47] | 2014 | Italy | Trichoderma spp. | Auto-HSCT | Pulmonary infection | VOR | Infection resolution |
Tascini et al. [48] | 2016 | Italy | T. longibrachiatum | ICD implantation complicated by PNX | Endocarditis | VOR and subsequently AmB | Infection resolution |
Akagi et al. [49] | 2017 | Japan | T. longibrachiatum | Aplastic anemia | Pulmonary infection | AmB | Infection resolution |
Carlson et al. [50] | 2018 | USA | Trichoderma spp. | Capd | Peritonitis | AmB and VOR | Infection resolution |
Román-Soto et al. [51] | 2019 | Spain | T. longibrachiatum | Allo-HSCT | Necrotic ulcers | VOR, CASP + ulcer debridment | Infection resolution |
Sautour et al. [52] | 2019 | France | T. longibrachiatum | Acute myeloid leukemia | Pulmonary infection | VOR + CASP | Infection resolution |
Recio et al. [53] | 2019 | Spain | T. longibrachiatum | Pericardiectomy after lung transplant | Pericarditis | ANID and subsequently isavuconazole | Death |
Bachu et al. [54] | 2020 | Turkey | Trichoderma spp. | Capd | Peritonitis | ANID and subsequently AmB | Death |
Zhou [55] | 2020 | China | T. longibrachiatum | Lung cancer | Pulmonary infection | VOR | Infection resolution |
Georgakopoulou et al. [56] | 2021 | Greece | T. longibrachiatum | Diabetes mellitus | Pulmonary infection | AmB | Infection resolution |
Al-Shehri et al. [57] | 2021 | Saudi Arabia | Trichoderma spp. | Acute myeloid leukemia | Endophthalmitis | AmB + surgery | Infection resolution |
Author | Clinical Manifestation | Specimen | Immunosuppression | Chemotherapy | Time from SOT/ CT | AST | Amb | Vor MIC | Casp | ITR | FLC | KET |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIC | (mcg/mL) | MIC | MIC | MIC | MIC | |||||||
(mcg/mL) | (mcg/mL) | (mcg/mL) | (mcg/mL) | (mcg/mL) | ||||||||
Robertson et al. [16] | Disseminated | NA | No | No | NA | No | ||||||
Escudero Gil et al. [17] | TRP | BAL | NA | NA | NA | No | ||||||
Escudero Gil et al. [17] | TRP | BAL | NA | NA | NA | No | ||||||
Loeppky et al. [18] | Peritonitis | Peritoneal fluid | No | No | Yes | 0.78 | 1.56 | |||||
Ragnaud et al. [19] | Peritonitis | Peritoneal fluid | No | No | Yes | R | S | S | ||||
Jacobs et al. [20] | Peritonitis | Surgical debridement | Yes | No | 21 days | Yes | 3.1 | 1.6 | 25 | 0.8 | ||
Imokawa et al. [21] | TRP | BAL | No | No | No | |||||||
Tanis et al. [22] | Peritonitis | Peritoneal fluid | No | No | 6 years | No | ||||||
Gautheret et al. [23] | Disseminated | BAL, skin biopsy | Yes | No | 1 year | Yes | 0.09 | 0.18 | 25 | |||
Seguin et al. [24] | Brain abscess | Brain specimen | Yes | No | 102 days | Yes | 2.5 | 1.25 | 12.5 | S | ||
Kawaguchi et al. [25] | TRP | BAL | Yes | No | NA | No | ||||||
Guiserix et al. [26] | Peritonitis | Peritoneal fluid | No | No | No | |||||||
Campos-Herrero et al. [27] | Peritonitis | Peritoneal fluid | No | No | Yes | 4.0 | 1.28 | 1.0 | ||||
Munoz et al. [28] | Skin infection | Biopsy | Yes | No | 8 mo | Yes | 2.0 | 2.0 | ≥64 | |||
Bren et al. [29] | Peritonitis | Peritoneal fluid | No | No | No | |||||||
Furukawa et al. [30] | Sinusitis | Biopsy | Yes | No | 6 mo | Yes | 0.58 | 0.035 | 40 | |||
Richter et al. [31] | Disseminated | Biopsy | Yes | No | 28 days | Yes | 2.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Guarro et al. [32] | Brain abscess | Biopsy | Yes | No | 1 mo | Yes | 2.0 | 32 | 128 | 8 | ||
Rota et al. [33] | Peritonitis | Peritoneal fluid | No | No | No | |||||||
Bustamante-Labarta et al. [34] | Endocarditis | Biopsy | No | No | No | |||||||
Amato et al. [35] | Encephalitis | CSF | Yes | No | NA | No | ||||||
Chouaki et al. [36] | Perihepatic hematoma | Abscess aspirate | Yes | No | 9 mo | Yes | >1 | 0.25 | 16 | |||
Chouaki et al. [36] | TRP | BAL | Yes | No | few days | No | ||||||
Myoken et al. [37] | Stomatitis | Biopsy | Yes | No | 27 days | Yes | 0.5 | 0.5 | ≥32 | ≥64 | ||
Esel et al. [38] | Peritonitis | Peritoneal fluid | No | No | Yes | 0.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | |||
De Miguel et al. [39] | TRP | BAL | Yes | No | 12 days | Yes | 0.25 | 2 | 8 | |||
Alanio et al. [40] | TRP | BAL | Yes | No | 4 days | Yes | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | |||
Kviliute et al. [41] | TRP | BAL | Yes | No | 27 days | Yes | >32 | 4 | 0.125 | >32 | ||
Lagrange-Xélot et al. [42] | TRP | BAL | Yes | No | 2 mo | Yes | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2 | >64 | |
Trabelsi et al. [43] | Skin infection | Byopsy | NA | No | Yes | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||||
Santillan Salas et al. [44] | Peritonitis | Biopsy | No | No | Yes | ≥1 | ≤0.5 | |||||
Rodríguez Peralta et al. [45] | Endocarditis | Peritoneal fluid | No | No | No | |||||||
Molnár-Gábor et al. [46] | Sinusitis | Biopsy | No | No | Yes | 0,5 | 0.5 | 0.25 | ||||
Festuccia et al. [47] | TRP | BAL | Yes | No | 10 days | Yes | 0.125 | 0.047 | >256 | >32 | ||
Tascini et al. [48] | Endocarditis | Catheter tip | No | No | Yes | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | ||||
Akagi et al. [49] | TRP | BAL | Yes | No | 151 days | No | ||||||
Carlson et al. [50] | Peritonitis | Peritoneal fluid | No | No | No | |||||||
Román-Soto et al. [51] | Necrotic ulcers | Skin biopsy | Yes | No | NA | Yes | 1.5 | 0.23 | 0.047 | 0.23 | ||
Sautour et al. [52] | TRP | BAL | Yes | No | 11 days | Yes | 2 | 0.19 | 0.064 | >32 | ||
Recio et al. [53] | Pericarditis | BAL | Yes | No | 2 mo | Yes | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||
Bachu et al. [54] | Peritonitis | NA | No | No | No | |||||||
Zhou [55] | TRP | Biopsy | Yes | No | 0 days | Yes | 4 | 1 | ≤0.03 | >16 | >64 | |
Georgakopoulou et al. [56] | TRP | Pleural fluid | No | No | Yes | S | R | R | R | R | ||
Al-Shehri et al. [57] | Endophthalmitis | Vitreous tap | Yes | No | 2 weeks | Yes | 0.5 | 16 | 0.5 |
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Burzio, C.; Balzani, E.; Montrucchio, G.; Trompeo, A.C.; Corcione, S.; Brazzi, L. Trichoderma spp.-Related Pneumonia: A Case Report in Heart–Lung Transplantation Recipient and a Systematic Literature Review. J. Fungi 2023, 9, 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9020195
Burzio C, Balzani E, Montrucchio G, Trompeo AC, Corcione S, Brazzi L. Trichoderma spp.-Related Pneumonia: A Case Report in Heart–Lung Transplantation Recipient and a Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Fungi. 2023; 9(2):195. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9020195
Chicago/Turabian StyleBurzio, Carlo, Eleonora Balzani, Giorgia Montrucchio, Anna Chiara Trompeo, Silvia Corcione, and Luca Brazzi. 2023. "Trichoderma spp.-Related Pneumonia: A Case Report in Heart–Lung Transplantation Recipient and a Systematic Literature Review" Journal of Fungi 9, no. 2: 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9020195