Autophagy-Related Gene 4 Participates in the Asexual Development, Stress Response and Virulence of Filamentous Insect Pathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Strains, Media and Growth Conditions
2.2. Bioinformatic Analysis of BbAtg4
2.3. Targeted Gene Disruption and Complementation
2.4. Visualizing Autophagic Flux in Fungal Strains
2.5. Phenotypic Assays
2.6. Insect Bioassay with Two Methods in Preparing Conidial Suspensioi5n
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Characterization and Molecular Manipulation of BbAtg4
3.2. BbAtg4 Contributes to Vegetative Growth
3.3. BbAtg4 Is Required for Conidial Germination under Nutrient-Limitation Condition
3.4. BbAtg4 Is Involved in Fungal Development
3.5. BbAtg4 Contributes to Fungal Resistance to Oxidative Stress
3.6. BbAtg4 Is Important to Fungal Virulence
3.7. Autophagy Is Crucial for the Differentiation of Spore-Formation Structures
3.8. Re-Examine the Virulence of Autophagy-Null Mutants
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strains | Injection Infection | Topical Infection | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
χ2 Value | p Value | χ2 Value | p Value | |
ΔBbatg1 | 57.38 | <0.0001 | 61.33 | <0.0001 |
ΔBbatg3 | 49.93 | <0.0001 | 29.54 | <0.0001 |
ΔBbatg4 | 44.54 | <0.0001 | 44.02 | <0.0001 |
ΔBbatg5 | 49.62 | <0.0001 | 29.24 | <0.0001 |
ΔBbatg7 | 40.10 | <0.0001 | 18.75 | <0.0001 |
ΔBbatg8 | 74.79 | <0.0001 | 99.63 | <0.0001 |
ΔBbatg10 | 47.54 | <0.0001 | 60.45 | <0.0001 |
ΔBbatg12 | 31.18 | <0.0001 | 36.15 | <0.0001 |
ΔBbatg16 | 37.12 | <0.0001 | 23.89 | <0.0001 |
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Ding, J.-L.; Wei, K.; Feng, M.-G.; Ying, S.-H. Autophagy-Related Gene 4 Participates in the Asexual Development, Stress Response and Virulence of Filamentous Insect Pathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana. J. Fungi 2023, 9, 543. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9050543
Ding J-L, Wei K, Feng M-G, Ying S-H. Autophagy-Related Gene 4 Participates in the Asexual Development, Stress Response and Virulence of Filamentous Insect Pathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana. Journal of Fungi. 2023; 9(5):543. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9050543
Chicago/Turabian StyleDing, Jin-Li, Kang Wei, Ming-Guang Feng, and Sheng-Hua Ying. 2023. "Autophagy-Related Gene 4 Participates in the Asexual Development, Stress Response and Virulence of Filamentous Insect Pathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana" Journal of Fungi 9, no. 5: 543. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9050543