Mucormycosis: A 14-Year Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Research Design and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Population and Data Collection
2.3. Microbiological Definitions
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population
3.2. Seasonal and Annual Variations in the Incidence of Mucormycosis
3.3. Predictors of Mortality from Mucormycosis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dead (N = 20) | Survived (N = 23) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (median, IQR) | 56 (35–65) | 50 (38–58) | 0.592 |
Male Female | 9 (45.0%) 11 (55.0%) | 16 (69.6%) 7 (30.4%) | 0.103 |
Charlson Comorbidity index | 4 (2–5) | 2 (2–4) | 0.076 |
Diabetes mellitus | 8 (40.0%) | 7 (30.4%) | 0.512 |
Chronic renal disease | 5 (25.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.016 |
Immunocompromised (solid organ malignancy, hematological malignancy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy within the previous 30 days, hematopoietic stem cell transplant or solid organ transplantation, and neutropenia) | 20 (100.0%) | 18 (78.3%) | 0.051 |
Hematologic malignancy | 13 (65.0%) | 16 (69.6%) | 0.750 |
Solid organ malignancy | 3 (15.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.092 |
Transplant | 4 (20.0%) | 2 (8.7%) | 0.393 |
Neutropenia | 12 (60.0%) | 9 (39.1%) | 0.172 |
Solid organ transplant | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.3%) | 1 |
BMT | 5 (25.0%) | 4 (17.4%) | 0.711 |
GVHD | 3 (15.0%) | 2 (8.7%) | 0.650 |
Recent corticosteroids in the past 30 days prior to diagnosis | 13 (65.0%) | 9 (39.1%) | 0.091 |
Recent chemotherapy in the past 30 days prior to diagnosis | 15 (75.0%) | 15 (65.2%) | 0.486 |
Recent immunotherapy in the past 30 days prior to diagnosis | 1 (5.0%) | 1 (4.3%) | 1 |
Auto-immune disease | 4 (20.0%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.110 |
COVID-19 | 3 (15.0%) | 2 (8.7%) | 0.650 |
Recent antifungals in the past 30 days prior to diagnosis | 7 (35.0%) | 12 (52.2%) | 0.258 |
Voriconazole prophylaxis | 7 (35.0%) | 9 (39.1%) | 0.780 |
qSOFA (median, IQR) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–0) | 0.309 |
Isolated ROCM | 7 (35.0%) | 20 (87.0%) | <0.001 |
Isolated pulmonary mucormycosis | 1 (5.0%) | 2 (8.7%) | 0.554 |
ROCM and lung mucormycosis | 3 (15.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.092 |
ROCM and SSTI MCM | 2 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.210 |
SSTI MCM | 5 (25.0%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.065 |
Surgical debridement for MCM | 11 (55.0%) | 20 (27.0%) | 0.020 |
Time from diagnosis to surgery in days (median, IQR) | 0 (0–4) | 1 (0–2) | 0.902 |
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Allaw, F.; Zakhour, J.; Nahhal, S.B.; Koussa, K.; Bitar, E.R.; Ghanem, A.; Elbejjani, M.; Kanj, S.S. Mucormycosis: A 14-Year Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon. J. Fungi 2023, 9, 824. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080824
Allaw F, Zakhour J, Nahhal SB, Koussa K, Bitar ER, Ghanem A, Elbejjani M, Kanj SS. Mucormycosis: A 14-Year Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon. Journal of Fungi. 2023; 9(8):824. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080824
Chicago/Turabian StyleAllaw, Fatima, Johnny Zakhour, Sarah B. Nahhal, Karim Koussa, Elio R. Bitar, Anthony Ghanem, Martine Elbejjani, and Souha S. Kanj. 2023. "Mucormycosis: A 14-Year Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon" Journal of Fungi 9, no. 8: 824. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080824