The Ratio Optimization and Strength Mechanism of Composite Cementitious Material with Low-Quality Fly Ash
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Effect of Active Ingredients on Strength
2.1.1. Orthogonal Results Analysis
2.1.2. Grey Correlation Analysis
2.2. Effect of Fly Ash Content on Hydration Product
2.2.1. XRD
2.2.2. TG/DTG
2.3. Effect of Fly Ash Content on Microstructure
2.4. Effect of Fly Ash Content on Pore Characteristics
2.4.1. Pore Structure
2.4.2. Pore Morphology
3. Conclusions
- The proportion of low-quality fly ash-based cementitious composite is identified, whose cement strengths are R7 = 1.73 MPa and R28 = 3.63 MPa, thus conforming to the mine filling requirements.
- The grey correlation analysis revealed that the components with the greatest influence on 7 d and 28 d strength were slag and fly ash, respectively, and it was conjectured that the effect of fly ash on strength was mainly from the hydration reaction and micro-aggregate effect.
- Although fly ash damages the early strength, it has a gain effect on the long-term strength, which is mainly caused by the secondary hydration reaction of fly ash. Moreover, it was observed that excessive fly ash resulted in long-term strength deterioration, which may be caused by poor skeleton structure.
- The hydration reaction degree of the cementitious materials prepared with a high-volume of low-quality fly ash is low, and the difference in hydration products does not contribute much to the strength, while the strength difference of the cementitious body benefits from the change in pore structure brought by different ratios of cementitious materials.
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Experimental Procedures
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Curing Age | Influencing Factors | Fly Ash | Cement Clinker | Desulfurization Gypsum | Slag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 d | Correlation | 0.7839 | 0.7038 | 0.7907 | 0.8891 |
Correlation order | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | |
28 d | Correlation | 0.7551 | 0.6795 | 0.6913 | 0.7531 |
Correlation order | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
Curing Age | Number | Porosity/% | Pore Diameter Distribution/% | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<20 nm | 20–50 nm | 50–200 nm | >200 nm | |||
7 d | F1 | 22.1 | 21.65 | 11.50 | 24.67 | 42.18 |
F3 | 27.2 | 19.31 | 12.43 | 25.83 | 42.42 | |
28 d | F1 | 25.0 | 20.47 | 10.01 | 24.88 | 44.63 |
F3 | 29.4 | 18.84 | 9.51 | 24.57 | 47.08 |
Materials | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | SO3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fly ash/% | 48.76 | 16.22 | 23.91 | 2.05 | 1.44 | 0.89 |
Slag/% | 32.02 | 10.19 | 1.31 | 40.99 | 9.33 | 1.82 |
Clinker/% | 21.46 | 4.44 | 4.69 | 64.69 | 2.89 | 0.25 |
Gypsum/% | 5.68 | 1.48 | 1.91 | 44.51 | 4.06 | 41.45 |
Number | Fly Ash/% | Cement Clinker/% | Desulfurization Gypsum/% | Experimental Design Ideas |
---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 40 | 10 | 8 | L9(33) orthogonal test |
A2 | 45 | 15 | 8 | |
A3 | 50 | 20 | 8 | |
A4 | 50 | 15 | 10 | |
A5 | 45 | 10 | 10 | |
A6 | 40 | 20 | 10 | |
A7 | 40 | 15 | 12 | |
A8 | 45 | 20 | 12 | |
A9 | 50 | 10 | 12 | |
B1 | 40 | 8 | 10 | Less clinker and more gypsum |
B2 | 8 | 12 | ||
B3 | 8 | 14 | ||
B4 | 10 | 10 | ||
B5 | 10 | 12 | ||
B6 | 10 | 14 | ||
B7 | 12 | 10 | ||
B8 | 12 | 12 | ||
B9 | 12 | 14 | ||
C1 | 45 | 10 | 8 | More clinker and less gypsum |
C2 | 10 | 10 | ||
C3 | 10 | 12 | ||
C4 | 12 | 8 | ||
C5 | 12 | 10 | ||
C6 | 12 | 12 | ||
C7 | 14 | 8 | ||
C8 | 14 | 10 | ||
C9 | 14 | 12 |
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Yang, X.; Yan, Z.; Yin, S.; Gao, Q.; Li, W. The Ratio Optimization and Strength Mechanism of Composite Cementitious Material with Low-Quality Fly Ash. Gels 2022, 8, 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8030151
Yang X, Yan Z, Yin S, Gao Q, Li W. The Ratio Optimization and Strength Mechanism of Composite Cementitious Material with Low-Quality Fly Ash. Gels. 2022; 8(3):151. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8030151
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Xiaobing, Zepeng Yan, Shenghua Yin, Qian Gao, and Weiguang Li. 2022. "The Ratio Optimization and Strength Mechanism of Composite Cementitious Material with Low-Quality Fly Ash" Gels 8, no. 3: 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8030151