Seasonality’s Effects on the Chemical Composition and Antiradical Capacity of the Floral Essential Oil of Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen Cultivated in the Brazilian Amazon
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Plant Cultivation and Botanical Identification
2.2. Climate Data Collection
2.3. Drying and Processing of Botanical Material
2.4. Essential Oil Extraction
2.5. Essential Oil Yield Calculation
2.6. Chemical Composition Analysis
2.7. Analysis of Antiradical Capacity by DPPH Radical Scavenging
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Seasonal Conditions and Essential Oil Yield
3.2. Seasonal Conditions and Chemical Composition
3.3. Seasonal Conditions and Antiradical Capacity
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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RIC | RIL | Month | May | Jul | Sep | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Essential Oil Yield | 1.61 | 0.81 | 0.58 | |||
Constituents | (%) * | |||||
1 | 883 | 883 b | 2-Butylfuran | 0.03 | ||
2 | 934 | 934 a | α-Pinene | 0.11 | 1.04 | |
3 | 973 | 969 a | Sabinene | 0.37 | 1.94 | |
4 | 977 | 974 a | β-Pinene | 1.36 | 0.53 | 6.4 |
5 | 991 | 998 a | Myrcene | 1.24 | 1.08 | 11.99 |
6 | 1005 | 1003 a | p-Mentha-1(7),8-diene | 0.07 | 0.44 | |
7 | 1024 | 1020 a | p-Cymene | 0.04 | ||
8 | 1024 | 1025 a | Limonene | 0.47 | ||
9 | 1028 | 1031 b | β-Phellandrene | 0.54 | 7.27 | |
10 | 1036 | 1035 b | Z-β-Ocimene | 0.23 | 1.7 | |
11 | 1100 | 1095 a | Linalool | 0.04 | 0.29 | |
12 | 1177 | 1174 a | Terpinen-4-ol | 0.2 | ||
13 | 1182 | 1178 a | Naphthalene | 0.04 | 0.05 | |
14 | 1190 | 1186 a | α-Terpineol | 0.07 | ||
15 | 1205 | 1201 a | n-Decanal | 0.02 | ||
16 | 1338 | 1135 a | δ-Elemene | 0.45 | 0.5 | 0.64 |
17 | 1357 | 1356 a | Eugenol | 0.06 | ||
18 | 1392 | 1389 a | β-Elemene | 0.45 | 0.29 | 0.18 |
19 | 1400 | 1398 a | Cyperene | 0.43 | 0.38 | 0.2 |
20 | 1407 | 1402 a | α-Funebrene | 0.03 | ||
21 | 1421 | 1417 a | E-Caryophyllene | 13.57 | 25.74 | 23.48 |
22 | 1434 | 1434 a | γ-Elemene | 0.02 | ||
23 | 1454 | 1452 a | α-Humulene | 1.23 | 2.1 | 1.91 |
24 | 1457 | 1454 a | E-β-Farnesene | 0.05 | 0.04 | |
25 | 1473 | 1468 b | Dodec-8Z-en-1-ol | 5.69 | 4.84 | 2.15 |
26 | 1478 | 1476 b | γ-Gurjunene | 0.15 | ||
27 | 1478 | 1478 a | γ-Muurolene | 0.06 | ||
28 | 1482 | 1484 a | Germacrene D | 0.14 | 14.76 | 15.17 |
29 | 1493 | 1492 c | 1-Pentadecene | 16.58 | 11.39 | 5.42 |
30 | 1496 | 1495 a | 2-Tridecanone | 0.58 | ||
31 | 1497 | 1497 a | Bicyclogermacrene | 0.36 | 0.44 | |
32 | 1501 | 1500 a | α-Muurolene | 0.11 | 0.07 | |
33 | 1505 | 1509 a | α-Bulnesene | 0.08 | 0.07 | |
34 | 1508 | 1505 a | E,E-α-Farnesene | 0.49 | 0.33 | |
35 | 1524 | 1522 a | δ-Cadinene | 0.29 | ||
36 | 1529 | 1529 a | Kessane | 0.77 | 0.48 | 0.34 |
37 | 1549 | 1548 a | Elemol | 0.03 | ||
38 | 1558 | 1559 a | Germacrene B | 0.08 | 0.68 | 0.67 |
39 | 1563 | 1561 a | E-Nerolidol | 0.05 | ||
40 | 1579 | 1577 a | Spathulenol | 0.13 | ||
41 | 1585 | 1582 a | Caryophyllene oxide | 31.72 | 2.12 | 0.88 |
42 | 1609 | 1607 a | β-Oplopenone | 0.25 | ||
43 | 1610 | 1608 a | Humulene epoxide II | 1.97 | ||
44 | 1621 | 1618 a | 1,10-di-epi-Cubenol | 0.08 | ||
45 | 1637 | 1639 a | Caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-dien-5β-ol | 0.14 | ||
46 | 1655 | 1659 b | Cadin-4-en-10-ol | 0.11 | ||
47 | 1655 | 1652 a | α-Cadinol | 0.37 | 0.2 | |
48 | 1686 | 1685 a | Germacra-4(15),5,10(14)-trien-1α-ol | 0.18 | 0.21 | |
49 | 1737 | 1740 a | Mint sulfide | 0.06 | 0.03 | |
50 | 1845 | 1841 b | Phytone | 0.39 | 0.17 | |
51 | 1888 | 1888 d | Spilanthol | 0.66 | 5.2 | 2.64 |
52 | 2109 | 2106 b | Phytol | 0.37 | ||
53 | 2295 | 2300 a | n-Tricosane | 0.80 | 0.38 | 0.18 |
54 | 2394 | 2400 a | n-Tetracosane | 0.47 | 0.16 | 0.09 |
55 | 2494 | 2500 a | n-Pentacosane | 3.69 | 1.17 | 0.77 |
56 | 2693 | 2700 a | n-Heptacosane | 0.25 | ||
Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 3.66 | 2.38 | 30.78 | |||
Oxygenated monoterpenes | 0.04 | 0 | 0.56 | |||
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 16.35 | 46.01 | 43.28 | |||
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 35.28 | 3.06 | 1.69 | |||
Others | 29.51 | 23.37 | 11.36 | |||
Total identified | 84.84 | 74.82 | 87.67 |
Parameters | E-Caryophyllene | Caryophyllene Oxide | 1-Pentadecene | Germacrene D | Myrcene | Spilanthol |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Precipitation | −0.99 * | −0.98 | −0.78 | −0.99 | −0.38 | −0.88 |
Temperature | 0.89 | −0.96 | −0.96 | 0.96 | 0.72 | 0.62 |
Humidity | −0.85 | 0.94 | 0.98 | −0.94 | −0.77 | −0.56 |
Insolation | 0.96 | −0.99 * | −0.88 | 0.99 * | 0.55 | 0.78 |
Sample | Inhibition (%) | Trolox Equivalent (mg·TE/g) |
---|---|---|
May | 7.53 ± 0.3 a | 64.7 ± 2.8 |
July | 7.96 ± 0.1 a | 68.4 ± 1.6 |
September | 7.68 ± 0.5 a | 66.0 ± 4.5 |
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Jerônimo, L.B.; de Araújo, J.A.C.; da Silva, J.K.R.; Mourão, R.H.V.; Setzer, W.N.; Figueiredo, P.L.B. Seasonality’s Effects on the Chemical Composition and Antiradical Capacity of the Floral Essential Oil of Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen Cultivated in the Brazilian Amazon. Horticulturae 2024, 10, 925. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10090925
Jerônimo LB, de Araújo JAC, da Silva JKR, Mourão RHV, Setzer WN, Figueiredo PLB. Seasonality’s Effects on the Chemical Composition and Antiradical Capacity of the Floral Essential Oil of Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen Cultivated in the Brazilian Amazon. Horticulturae. 2024; 10(9):925. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10090925
Chicago/Turabian StyleJerônimo, Lucas Botelho, José Augusto C. de Araújo, Joyce Kelly R. da Silva, Rosa Helena V. Mourão, William N. Setzer, and Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo. 2024. "Seasonality’s Effects on the Chemical Composition and Antiradical Capacity of the Floral Essential Oil of Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen Cultivated in the Brazilian Amazon" Horticulturae 10, no. 9: 925. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10090925