Adaptive Adjustments in Lower Limb Muscle Coordination during Single-Leg Landing Tasks in Latin Dancers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Experimental Procedure
2.3. Data Processing
2.4. Extraction of Muscle Synergies
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Kinematics and Kinetics
3.2. Selection of the Number of Synergies
3.3. Similarity of Muscle Synergies
3.4. Functional Interpretation of Muscle Synergies
3.5. General Characteristics of Muscle Synergies
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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LD Mean (SD) | CON Mean (SD) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
3.43 (0.51) | 3.31 (0.57) | 0.506 | |
Global VAF (%) | |||
With two synergies | 81.03 (3.45) | 81.94 (3.47) | 0.393 |
With three synergies | 93.61 (2.57) | 90.41 (2.56) | 0.303 |
With four synergies | 92.55 (1.62) | 92.31 (1.12) | 0.581 |
Local VAFs with three synergies (%) | |||
ST | 88.91 (5.42) | 90.41 (5.97) | 0.394 |
BF | 90.50 (4.85) | 91.41 (4.57) | 0.527 |
RF | 94.33 (4.32) | 96.36 (2.10) | 0.056 |
VM | 89.93 (5.19) | 89.72 (4.49) | 0.886 |
VL | 92.66 (3.53) | 94.45 (3.25) | 0.092 |
GM | 91.56 (3.46) | 92.20 (2.58) | 0.496 |
GL | 91.47 (3.28) | 93.02 (1.53) | 0.059 |
SOL | 92.51 (3.78) | 92.46 (3.14) | 0.964 |
TA | 91.48 (2.65) | 89.71 (3.41) | 0.065 |
PL | 92.93 (2.44) | 91.32 (4.08) | 0.122 |
Synergy Vectors | Muscle Synergy 1 | Muscle Synergy 2 | Muscle Synergy 3 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | LD | CON | p-Value | LD | CON | p-Value | LD | CON | p-Value |
ST | 0.15 (0.08) | 0.18 (0.11) | 0.288 | 0.14 (0.12) | 0.14 (0.18) | 0.848 | 0.30 (0.18) | 0.15 (0.17) | 0.046 * |
BF | 0.04 (0.06) | 0.04 (0.06) | 0.946 | 0.07 (0.13) | 0.12 (0.13) | 0.31 | 0.75 (0.20) | 0.32 (0.21) | <0.001 * |
RF | 0.28 (0.29) | 0.19 (0.24) | 0.291 | 0.84 (0.28) | 0.91 (0.15) | 0.283 | 0.44 (0.31) | 0.25 (0.16) | 0.076 |
VM | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.010 * | 0.12 (0.11) | 0.09 (0.08) | 0.329 | 0.27 (0.12) | 0.32 (0.09) | 0.204 |
VL | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.08 (0.16) | 0.282 | 0.19 (0.23) | 0.13 (0.14) | 0.372 | 0.53 (0.27) | 0.74 (0.20) | 0.039 * |
GM | 0.56 (0.20) | 0.43 (0.16) | 0.024 * | 0.23 (0.23) | 0.26 (0.17) | 0.643 | 0.09 (0.08) | 0.13 (0.07) | 0.307 |
GL | 0.54 (0.15) | 0.56 (0.18) | 0.771 | 0.26 (0.17) | 0.29 (0.17) | 0.549 | 0.17 (0.10) | 0.11 (0.08) | 0.119 |
SOL | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.10 (0.06) | 0.002 * | 0.17 (0.11) | 0.13 (0.08) | 0.211 | 0.29 (0.10) | 0.30 (0.05) | 0.797 |
TA | 0.59 (0.19) | 0.39 (0.12) | <0.001 * | 0.20 (0.15) | 0.13 (0.16) | 0.112 | 0.08 (0.08) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.093 |
PL | 0.08 (0.11) | 0.13 (0.15) | 0.298 | 0.25 (0.16) | 0.29 (0.18) | 0.476 | 0.18 (0.15) | 0.16 (0.08) | 0.683 |
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Gao, X.; Jie, T.; Xu, D.; Gál, J.; Fekete, G.; Liang, M.; Gu, Y. Adaptive Adjustments in Lower Limb Muscle Coordination during Single-Leg Landing Tasks in Latin Dancers. Biomimetics 2024, 9, 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9080489
Gao X, Jie T, Xu D, Gál J, Fekete G, Liang M, Gu Y. Adaptive Adjustments in Lower Limb Muscle Coordination during Single-Leg Landing Tasks in Latin Dancers. Biomimetics. 2024; 9(8):489. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9080489
Chicago/Turabian StyleGao, Xiangli, Tianle Jie, Datao Xu, János Gál, Gusztáv Fekete, Minjun Liang, and Yaodong Gu. 2024. "Adaptive Adjustments in Lower Limb Muscle Coordination during Single-Leg Landing Tasks in Latin Dancers" Biomimetics 9, no. 8: 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9080489