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Dietary Chitosan Nanoparticles Enhance Growth, Antioxidant Defenses, Immunity, and Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria Resistance in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
by
Nesreen Hossam-Elden
Nesreen Hossam-Elden 1,
Nermeen M. Abu-Elala
Nermeen M. Abu-Elala 1,2,*,
Huda O. AbuBakr
Huda O. AbuBakr
Dr. Huda O. AbuBakr is a graduate of the School of Dental Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh, [...]
Dr. Huda O. AbuBakr is a graduate of the School of Dental Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh, where he earned his DMD. He completed his residency training and received a fellowship in oral and maxillofacial surgery from Presbyterian University Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He has been on the faculty at the VCU School of Dentistry at the VCU Medical Center since 1991. He is certified by the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and by the American Board of Dental Anesthesiology. He currently serves as a professor and chairman of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the School of Dentistry, Chief of the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in the Department of Surgery at the School of Medicine, and Chairman of the Department of Dentistry at MCV Hospital.
3,4,
Zhi Luo
Zhi Luo
Prof. Dr. Zhi Luo studied at the School of Life Sciences at Sun Yat-sen University from September to [...]
Prof. Dr. Zhi Luo studied at the School of Life Sciences at Sun Yat-sen University from September 2002 to July 2005 and obtained a Doctor of Science degree. From 2012 to 2013, he served as a visiting scholar at the University of St Andrews in the United Kingdom. From July 2005 to present, he has been working at the School of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, serving as a lecturer (2005–2007), associate professor (2008–2013), and professor (2014–present). His research direction is the molecular nutrition of aquatic animals.
5,
Samira H. Aljuaydi
Samira H. Aljuaydi 3,
Marwa Khattab
Marwa Khattab 6,
Sara E. Ali
Sara E. Ali 7,
Mohamed S. Marzouk
Mohamed S. Marzouk 1 and
Islam I. Teiba
Islam I. Teiba 8,*
1
Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
2
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai 46612, Egypt
3
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
4
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo 11734, Egypt
5
Department of Nutrition and Physiology, Fishery College, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
6
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
7
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
8
Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta City 31527, Egypt
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fishes 2024, 9(10), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9100388 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 2 August 2024
/
Revised: 22 September 2024
/
Accepted: 27 September 2024
/
Published: 28 September 2024
Abstract
While chitosan is widely used in aquaculture feed, chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) offer potential advantages due to their enhanced absorption. This study investigated the safe use of CNP levels in Nile tilapia feed, evaluating its impact on growth, immunity, and disease resistance. Five experimental diets were formulated and supplemented with zero chitosan (served as a control group), 1g/kg of chitosan (CS), and 1, 3, and 5 g/kg of CNPs. Each diet was randomly assigned to three replicate groups of 45 fish per group (15 fish/tank) with an average weight of (42.10 ± 0.05g, mean ± S.E.) twice daily (09:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.) to apparent satiation for two months. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed 5 g/ kg of CNPs had the highest growth performance. However, no significant variations (p > 0.05) in somatic index were seen between the experimental groups. All chitosan and CNP-enriched groups exhibited improved intestinal morphology compared to the control group, characterized by increased villus length and width, reduced necrosis of intestinal tips, and better overall tissue integrity, with the CNP 3g and 5g groups demonstrating the most favorable intestinal structure. The CNP-treated groups (3, 5 g/kg) had significantly higher blood indices and serum globulin. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were lower in the CNP-treated groups compared to the chitosan macromolecule group. There was a substantial rise in glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), phagocytic index, and respiratory burst activity in the 5 g/kg CNP-treated group. The dietary addition of 5 g/kg of CNPs raised mRNA expression for TLR-2, MUC-2, and IGF-1, but there was no significant difference in HSP70 expression across treatments. After the experimental challenge with Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria, the groups that received 3 and 5 g/kg of CNPs exhibited the lowest mortality rates. Overall, the results suggest that including 5g/kg of CNPs in fish food is safe and effective for enhancing their health and growth, making it a promising addition to aquaculture feed.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Hossam-Elden, N.; Abu-Elala, N.M.; AbuBakr, H.O.; Luo, Z.; Aljuaydi, S.H.; Khattab, M.; Ali, S.E.; Marzouk, M.S.; Teiba, I.I.
Dietary Chitosan Nanoparticles Enhance Growth, Antioxidant Defenses, Immunity, and Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria Resistance in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Fishes 2024, 9, 388.
https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9100388
AMA Style
Hossam-Elden N, Abu-Elala NM, AbuBakr HO, Luo Z, Aljuaydi SH, Khattab M, Ali SE, Marzouk MS, Teiba II.
Dietary Chitosan Nanoparticles Enhance Growth, Antioxidant Defenses, Immunity, and Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria Resistance in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Fishes. 2024; 9(10):388.
https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9100388
Chicago/Turabian Style
Hossam-Elden, Nesreen, Nermeen M. Abu-Elala, Huda O. AbuBakr, Zhi Luo, Samira H. Aljuaydi, Marwa Khattab, Sara E. Ali, Mohamed S. Marzouk, and Islam I. Teiba.
2024. "Dietary Chitosan Nanoparticles Enhance Growth, Antioxidant Defenses, Immunity, and Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria Resistance in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus" Fishes 9, no. 10: 388.
https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9100388
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