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Volume 10
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Review

The Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Nd2Fe14B Permanent Magnets: The State of the Art

by
Ivan Pelevin
1,*,
Maria Lyange
1,
Leonid Fedorenko
1,
Stanislav Chernyshikhin
1 and
Irina Tereshina
2
1
Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
2
Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Condens. Matter 2025, 10(2), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat10020022
Submission received: 30 January 2025 / Revised: 4 April 2025 / Accepted: 7 April 2025 / Published: 24 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Magnetism)
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Abstract

In recent years, significant effort was made to make the 3D printing of fully dense rare-earth permanent magnets a reality. Since suitable Nd2Fe14B-based initial powder material became available, additive manufacturing implementation spread widely, which led to many studies being focused on using this material in 3D printing. This study shows the principal possibilities of the synthesis of Nd-Fe-B magnets by means of the laser powder bed fusion technique; moreover, this study shows significant progress in increasing their magnetic properties. This progress was made possible by different approaches, such as 3D-printing process optimization, the addition of a second phase (a low-melting eutectic) into the initial powder, the tuning of the main phase’s composition, and exploring different scanning strategies. However, the current level of material magnetic properties obtained via laser powder bed fusion is still far from that of magnets produced by using conventional powder metallurgy methods. The present review aims to capture the current state-of-the-art trials and highlight the main challenges.
Keywords: laser powder bed fusion; selective laser melting; hard magnetic materials; permanent magnets; rare-earth intermetallic; 3D printing; Nd2Fe14B; additive manufacturing laser powder bed fusion; selective laser melting; hard magnetic materials; permanent magnets; rare-earth intermetallic; 3D printing; Nd2Fe14B; additive manufacturing

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pelevin, I.; Lyange, M.; Fedorenko, L.; Chernyshikhin, S.; Tereshina, I. The Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Nd2Fe14B Permanent Magnets: The State of the Art. Condens. Matter 2025, 10, 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat10020022

AMA Style

Pelevin I, Lyange M, Fedorenko L, Chernyshikhin S, Tereshina I. The Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Nd2Fe14B Permanent Magnets: The State of the Art. Condensed Matter. 2025; 10(2):22. https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat10020022

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pelevin, Ivan, Maria Lyange, Leonid Fedorenko, Stanislav Chernyshikhin, and Irina Tereshina. 2025. "The Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Nd2Fe14B Permanent Magnets: The State of the Art" Condensed Matter 10, no. 2: 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat10020022

APA Style

Pelevin, I., Lyange, M., Fedorenko, L., Chernyshikhin, S., & Tereshina, I. (2025). The Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Nd2Fe14B Permanent Magnets: The State of the Art. Condensed Matter, 10(2), 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat10020022

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