How Match-Related Variables Influence the Physical Demands of Professional Female Soccer Players during the Regular Season
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Partecipants
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- Being healthy and unaffected by any physical or psychological issues that could have affected the performance during the season.
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- Having played at least 60 min of each analyzed match.
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- Group A: central defenders and forwards (eleven players).
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- Group B: right and left full-backs and midfielders (six players).
2.2. Ethical Approval
2.3. Study Protocol
- Physical fitness measurements:
- Internal and external workload measurements:
- Match-related factor collection:
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- Type of surface (natural or artificial grass);
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- Match outcome (win, draw, or loss);
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- Opponent level (highest: 1st to 5th, medium: 6th to 10th, and lowest: 11th to 16th placement at the end of the championship);
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- Match status (matches played in winning or losing/drawing situations for more than half of the playing time);
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- Opponent positive or negative trends (outcomes of the last three matches; a weighted score average with greater weight assigned to most recent matches).
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Physical Fitness Test
3.2. Effect of Groups in GPS and HR Variables
3.3. Effects of Match-Related Factors on GPS and HR Variables
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Jump Test | SJ [cm] | CMJ [cm] | mCMJ-r [cm] | mCMJ-l [cm] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Group A | 25.59 ± 3.57 | 26.88 ± 3.88 | 18.01 ± 2.60 | 18.05 ± 2.98 |
Group B | 29.68 ± 1.84 * | 30.44 ± 1.55 * | 19.87 ± 1.10 | 20.88 ± 1.57 * |
Sprint and Yo-Yo IR1 test | LS [s] | CodS-r [s] | CodS-l [s] | Yo-Yo IR1 [m] |
Group A | 3.67 ± 0.31 | 4.26 ± 0.10 | 4.27 ± 0.11 | 1076.36 ± 275.94 |
Group B | 3.35 ± 0.10 * | 4.15 ± 0.10 * | 4.12 ± 0.11 * | 1396.67 ± 267.26 * |
GPS Variables | Group A | Group B | p | 95% Conf. Int. of the Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|
TD [m/min] | 94.13 ± 3.62 | 101.64 ± 2.33 | 0.000 * | −9.35; −5.65 |
SD [m/min] | 0.96 ± 0.24 | 1.19 ± 0.23 | 0.002 * | −0.37; −0.08 |
Acc_n [n°/min] | 0.54 ± 0.19 | 0.64 ± 0.18 | 0.084 | −0.21; 0.01 |
Dec_n [n°/min] | 0.90 ± 0.53 | 0.99 ± 0.56 | 0.598 | −0.42; 0.24 |
HSR [m/min] | 11.24 ± 1.17 | 14.93 ± 1.19 | 0.000 * | −4.41; −2.98 |
HR_Max [beats] | 188.56 ± 3.02 | 192.83 ± 2.57 | 0.000 * | −5.97; −2.56 |
HR_Avg [beats/min] | 165.04 ± 3.15 | 168.98 ± 4.31 | 0.001 * | −6.23; −1.63 |
Factor | Variable | F | p | ƞ2 | Observed Power | Variable | F | p | ƞ2 | Observed Power | df | Error | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of surface | Condition | TD | 0.15 | 0.70 | 0.00 | 0.07 | SD | 0.55 | 0.46 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 1 | 40 |
Condition × Group | 0.52 | 0.47 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.05 | |||||
Condition | Acc_n | 3.99 | 0.05 * | 0.09 | 0.50 | Dec_n | 1.50 | 0.23 | 0.04 | 0.22 | |||
Condition × Group | 0.10 | 0.76 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.78 | 0.00 | 0.06 | |||||
Condition | HSR | 0.21 | 0.65 | 0.01 | 0.07 | HR_Max | 0.25 | 0.62 | 0.01 | 0.08 | |||
Condition × Group | 0.20 | 0.66 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.81 | 0.00 | 0.06 | |||||
Condition | HR_Avg | 0.19 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 0.07 | ||||||||
Condition × Group | 0.05 | 0.83 | 0.00 | 0.06 | |||||||||
Match outcome | Condition | TD | 0.01 | 0.92 | 0.00 | 0.05 | SD | 0.33 | 0.57 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 1 | 40 |
Condition × Group | 0.31 | 0.58 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0.60 | 0.01 | 0.08 | |||||
Condition | Acc_n | 0.25 | 0.62 | 0.01 | 0.08 | Dec_n | 4.22 | 0.047 * | 0.10 | 0.52 | |||
Condition × Group | 0.01 | 0.91 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.84 | 0.00 | 0.05 | |||||
Condition | HSR | 3.05 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.40 | HR_Max | 4.42 | 0.042 * | 0.10 | 0.54 | |||
Condition × Group | 0.00 | 0.98 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.96 | 0.00 | 0.05 | |||||
Condition | HR_Avg | 0.68 | 0.42 | 0.02 | 0.13 | ||||||||
Condition × Group | 0.95 | 0.34 | 0.02 | 0.16 | |||||||||
Opponent level | Condition | TD | 3.45 | 0.042 * | 0.15 | 0.61 | SD | 0.76 | 0.48 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 2 | 38 |
Condition × Group | 0.08 | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.49 | 0.62 | 0.03 | 0.12 | |||||
Condition | Acc_n | 0.81 | 0.45 | 0.04 | 0.18 | Dec_n | 2.36 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.45 | |||
Condition × Group | 0.10 | 0.91 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.92 | 0.00 | 0.06 | |||||
Condition | HSR | 0.50 | 0.61 | 0.03 | 0.13 | HR_Max | 3.52 | 0.039 * | 0.16 | 0.62 | |||
Condition × Group | 2.30 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.44 | 0.60 | 0.55 | 0.03 | 0.14 | |||||
Condition | HR_Avg | 1.37 | 0.27 | 0.07 | 0.28 | ||||||||
Condition × Group | 1.66 | 0.20 | 0.08 | 0.33 | |||||||||
Match situation | Condition | TD | 0.03 | 0.86 | 0.00 | 0.05 | SD | 2.29 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.31 | 1 | 40 |
Condition × Group | 0.32 | 0.57 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 1.86 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.26 | |||||
Condition | Acc_n | 1.86 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.27 | Dec_n | 3.78 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.48 | |||
Condition × Group | 0.24 | 0.63 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.92 | 0.00 | 0.05 | |||||
Condition | HSR | 10.65 | 0.002 * | 0.21 | 0.89 | HR_Max | 1.77 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.25 | |||
Condition × Group | 1.37 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.00 | 0.05 | |||||
Condition | HR_Avg | 0.03 | 0.87 | 0.00 | 0.05 | ||||||||
Condition × Group | 0.06 | 0.80 | 0.00 | 0.06 | |||||||||
Formation tactics | Condition | TD | 3.13 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.41 | SD | 0.08 | 0.77 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 1 | 40 |
Condition × Group | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.71 | 0.00 | 0.07 | |||||
Condition | Acc_n | 1.43 | 0.24 | 0.03 | 0.21 | Dec_n | 4.69 | 0.036 * | 0.10 | 0.56 | |||
Condition × Group | 0.25 | 0.62 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.33 | 0.57 | 0.01 | 0.09 | |||||
Condition | HSR | 0.21 | 0.65 | 0.01 | 0.07 | HR_Max | 0.00 | 0.98 | 0.00 | 0.05 | |||
Condition × Group | 0.65 | 0.42 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.66 | 0.42 | 0.02 | 0.12 | |||||
Condition | HR_Avg | 0.01 | 0.94 | 0.00 | 0.05 | ||||||||
Condition × Group | 1.39 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.21 | |||||||||
Opponent trend | Condition | TD | 2.11 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.40 | SD | 0.73 | 0.49 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 2 | 34 |
Condition × Group | 0.43 | 0.65 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 1.02 | 0.37 | 0.06 | 0.21 | |||||
Condition | Acc_n | 1.23 | 0.30 | 0.07 | 0.25 | Dec_n | 2.17 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.41 | |||
Condition × Group | 0.04 | 0.96 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.98 | 0.00 | 0.05 | |||||
Condition | HSR | 2.08 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.40 | HR_Max | 11.03 | 0.0002 * | 0.39 | 0.99 | |||
Condition × Group | 0.20 | 0.82 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.63 | 0.54 | 0.04 | 0.15 | |||||
Condition | HR_Avg | 3.86 | 0.031 * | 0.19 | 0.66 | ||||||||
Condition × Group | 1.85 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.36 |
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Marcelli, L.; Silvestri, F.; Di Pinto, G.; Gallotta, M.C.; Curzi, D. How Match-Related Variables Influence the Physical Demands of Professional Female Soccer Players during the Regular Season. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9, 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9030149
Marcelli L, Silvestri F, Di Pinto G, Gallotta MC, Curzi D. How Match-Related Variables Influence the Physical Demands of Professional Female Soccer Players during the Regular Season. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2024; 9(3):149. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9030149
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcelli, Lorenzo, Fioretta Silvestri, Gianluca Di Pinto, Maria Chiara Gallotta, and Davide Curzi. 2024. "How Match-Related Variables Influence the Physical Demands of Professional Female Soccer Players during the Regular Season" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 9, no. 3: 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9030149