Comparing Different Methodologies to Quantify Particulate Matter Accumulation on Plant Leaves
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Plant Species
2.3. The Leaf Covering by PMx Using Light Microscopy
2.4. The Filtration Methodology [9]
2.5. Leaf Traits
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Family Name | Type of Plant |
---|---|---|
Acer campestre L. | Sapindaceae | Tree |
Acer negundo L. | Sapindaceae | Tree |
Acer saccharinum L. | Sapindaceae | Tree |
Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. | Betulaceae | Tree |
Celtis australis L. | Cannabaceae | Tree |
Euonymus japonicus Thunb. | Celastraceae | Shrub |
Forsythia viridissima Lindl. | Oleaceae | Shrub |
Gaultheria procumbens L. | Ericaceae | Shrub |
Ginkgo biloba L. | Ginkgoaceae | Tree |
Impatiens walleriana Hook.f. | Balsaminaceae | Herb |
Laurus nobilis L. | Lauraceae | Shrub |
Lavandula latifolia Medik. | Lamiaceae | Shrub |
Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton | Oleaceae | Tree |
Nerium oleander L. | Apocynaceae | Shrub |
Olea europaea L. | Oleaceae | Tree |
Populus alba L. | Salicaceae | Tree |
Populus nigra L. | Salicaceae | Tree |
Prunus domestica L. | Rosaceae | Tree |
Prunus laurocerasus L. | Rosaceae | Tree |
Prunus serrulata Lindl. | Rosaceae | Tree |
Quercus ilex L. | Fagaceae | Tree |
Rosa chinensis Jacq. | Rosaceae | Shrub |
Rubus ulmifolius Schott | Rosaceae | Shrub |
Salix cinerea L. | Salicaceae | Shrub or tree |
Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott | Fabaceae | Tree |
Tilia x europaea L. | Malvaceae | Tree |
Tilia cordata Mill. | Malvaceae | Tree |
Ulmus minor Mill. | Ulmaceae | Tree |
Ulmus glabra Huds. | Ulmaceae | Tree |
Viburnum spp. | Viburnaceae | Shrub |
Part 1 | Species | LA | SLA | LDI | Leaf Roundness |
E. japonicus | 5.59 | 7.49 | 6.35 | 0.62 | |
L. lucidum | 27.57 | 6.49 | 5.00 | 0.43 | |
A. glutinosa | 54.81 | 14.03 | 5.53 | 1.00 | |
R. ulmifolius | 6.37 | 9.29 | 4.97 | 0.39 | |
L. nobilis | 19.27 | 8.17 | 5.16 | 0.29 | |
O. europaea | 5.19 | 7.15 | 6.60 | 0.17 | |
Tilia x europaea | 47.39 | 18.69 | 6.65 | 0.83 | |
A. saccharinum | 46.63 | 12.65 | 12.29 | 0.50 | |
A. campestre | 32.85 | 14.22 | 5.79 | 0.68 | |
T. cordata | 75.56 | 15.95 | 6.13 | 0.99 | |
P. laurocerasus | 85.48 | 8.52 | 5.09 | 0.36 | |
P. nigra | 39.02 | 12.08 | 7.29 | 0.77 | |
S. cinerea | 33.44 | 9.72 | 6.04 | 0.45 | |
P. serrulata | 29.42 | 8.17 | 4.85 | 0.56 | |
Q. ilex | 12.11 | 9.57 | 5.42 | 0.41 | |
R. chinensis | 8.21 | 21.20 | 4.71 | 0.60 | |
Part 2 | Variable | Correlation | R2 | p-Level | |
% PMx | LA | - | 0.26 | 0.072 | |
SLA | - | 0.69 | 0.022 | ||
LDI | ni | 0.52 | 0.422 | ||
Leaf roundness | + | 0.66 | 0.016 | ||
Total PMx | LA | ni | 0.26 | 0.104 | |
SLA | - | 0.69 | 0.093 | ||
LDI | ni | 0.52 | 0.551 | ||
Leaf roundness | ni | 0.66 | 0.152 | ||
PM10 | LA | ni | 0.26 | 0.188 | |
SLA | ni | 0.69 | 0.112 | ||
LDI | ni | 0.52 | 0.809 | ||
Leaf roundness | ni | 0.66 | 0.121 | ||
PM2.5 | LA | - | 0.26 | 0.034 | |
SLA | - | 0.69 | 0.072 | ||
LDI | + | 0.52 | 0.099 | ||
Leaf roundness | ni | 0.66 | 0.745 | ||
PM0.2 | LA | - | 0.26 | 0.054 | |
SLA | ni | 0.69 | 0.541 | ||
LDI | ni | 0.52 | 0.347 | ||
Leaf roundness | ni | 0.66 | 0.655 |
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Baesso Moura, B.; Zammarchi, F.; Hoshika, Y.; Martinelli, F.; Paoletti, E.; Ferrini, F. Comparing Different Methodologies to Quantify Particulate Matter Accumulation on Plant Leaves. Urban Sci. 2024, 8, 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8030125
Baesso Moura B, Zammarchi F, Hoshika Y, Martinelli F, Paoletti E, Ferrini F. Comparing Different Methodologies to Quantify Particulate Matter Accumulation on Plant Leaves. Urban Science. 2024; 8(3):125. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8030125
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaesso Moura, Barbara, Francesco Zammarchi, Yasutomo Hoshika, Federico Martinelli, Elena Paoletti, and Francesco Ferrini. 2024. "Comparing Different Methodologies to Quantify Particulate Matter Accumulation on Plant Leaves" Urban Science 8, no. 3: 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8030125