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Abstract

Evaluation of the Effect of Nanoparticle Presence in Furnace Off-Gas on Heat and Mass Transfer in Extraction Ducting †

by
Johannes Conradie
1,*,
Andrei Kolesnikov
1,
Kasturie Premlall
1 and
Luther Els
2
1
Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
2
Resonant Environmental Technologies, 7 Uitzicht Park, 2 Bellingham Street, Pretoria 0157, South Africa
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering (ECP 2024), 29–31 May 2024; Available online: https://sciforum.net/event/ECP2024.
Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105089
Published: 28 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)
Versions Notes

Ferromanganese smelters generate significant amounts of fumes containing saturated vapours of metals. These conditions favour the formation of metal oxide nanoparticles. The presence of these nanoparticles in furnace off-gas may significantly affect the heat and mass transfer to the extraction ducting. Understanding this phenomenon can improve the design of the gas cleaning equipment. In this work, a mathematical model has been developed to quantify the effect of the presence of metal oxide nanoparticles on the overall heat and mass transfer in the gas flow.
This model considers the full set of Navier–Stokes equations for continuum fluid flows as well as the population balance equation to describe the spatial-temporal evolution of the particle size distribution. The model is built in the open-source OpenFOAM environment. The extended quadrature method of moments (EQMOM) is used to solve the population balance equation.
The simulation results include the distributions of velocity, pressure, temperature, and species concentrations in a typical exhaust duct. The model predicts the evolution of the moments of the particle size distribution function in the computational domain. The effect of the particles on the radiative heat transfer to the ducting is quantified.
Both the average particle size and distribution deviation increase along the flow in the ducting and in time. The rate of deposition of nanoparticles on the duct walls can be derived to determine the thickness and effective thermal conductivity of the layer deposited.

Author Contributions

Investigation, J.C.; Software & Methodology, A.K.; Supervision, K.P., Resources, L.E. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

Available on request.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Conradie, J.; Kolesnikov, A.; Premlall, K.; Els, L. Evaluation of the Effect of Nanoparticle Presence in Furnace Off-Gas on Heat and Mass Transfer in Extraction Ducting. Proceedings 2024, 105, 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105089

AMA Style

Conradie J, Kolesnikov A, Premlall K, Els L. Evaluation of the Effect of Nanoparticle Presence in Furnace Off-Gas on Heat and Mass Transfer in Extraction Ducting. Proceedings. 2024; 105(1):89. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105089

Chicago/Turabian Style

Conradie, Johannes, Andrei Kolesnikov, Kasturie Premlall, and Luther Els. 2024. "Evaluation of the Effect of Nanoparticle Presence in Furnace Off-Gas on Heat and Mass Transfer in Extraction Ducting" Proceedings 105, no. 1: 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105089

APA Style

Conradie, J., Kolesnikov, A., Premlall, K., & Els, L. (2024). Evaluation of the Effect of Nanoparticle Presence in Furnace Off-Gas on Heat and Mass Transfer in Extraction Ducting. Proceedings, 105(1), 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105089

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