Proceedings

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167 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

SNAMBOO: Handmade Bag from Natural Fibers of Snake Plant (Dracaena trifasciata) Leaves and Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) Sheaths

by John Lloyd Beltejar Enguito, Christian Jumawan Lanipa, Pricks James Sunogan Manongas, JV Emmanuel Tejano Indonto and Charlyn Paula Laranjo Gimoros

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105001 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 791

Abstract

This study aimed to produce a handmade paper bag from natural sources of fiber, namely snake plant (Dracaena trifasciata) leaves and bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) sheaths. The researchers successfully developed and produced the product, noting significant contributions in the field [...] Read more.

This study aimed to produce a handmade paper bag from natural sources of fiber, namely snake plant (Dracaena trifasciata) leaves and bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) sheaths. The researchers successfully developed and produced the product, noting significant contributions in the field of environmental and green processes, ultimately leading toward solutions to major problems on Earth. Specifically, this study determined the quality of the produced bag in terms of weight, durability, and reusability. The findings of the tests conducted showed that the handmade paper bag with dimensions of 7.5” × 4” × 10” has an average weight of 78.33 g, which means that it is slightly heavier than commercial bags. Thickness is a big factor that can affect the weight of the paper bag, which means that the thicker the paper, the heavier the basic weight, which results in a greater load-carrying capacity. As such, the durability test conducted revealed the strength of the produced bag, represented by a weight-carrying capacity of 5.05 kg. It also can endure heavy weights for an extended period of time, which implies that it is capable of carrying even more than 5.05 kg. Meanwhile, a real-word usage simulation was also conducted to determine the reusability of the bag. This was conducted by walking with each bag with the full weight in a 50-m distance per walk cycle. Based on the test, it is concluded that the bag can be reused 20 times on average, which exceeded the standard of only 3 reuses. In conclusion, the paper bags produced from snake plant and bamboo sheath fibers exhibit good quality for usage, and thus, these have the potentiality to create sustainable and organic paper bags. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

155 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Solar-Enhanced Photocatalytic Decontamination of Water from Tetracycline Antibiotics and Its Application in Aquaculture

by Padinchare Veettil Gayathri, Divya Nair and Shijo Joseph

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105002 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 296

Abstract

The occurrence of emerging pharmaceutical contaminants, especially antibiotics in water systems is an alarming issue and is addressed using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). In this study, the degradation of antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCT) is evaluated using UV and solar light as the source [...] Read more.

The occurrence of emerging pharmaceutical contaminants, especially antibiotics in water systems is an alarming issue and is addressed using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). In this study, the degradation of antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCT) is evaluated using UV and solar light as the source of energy in the presence of semiconductor oxide catalyst ZnO. The results of the removal efficiency of TCT using UV is slightly less than that of solar light. Solar energy as a source of irradiation is economically feasible, follow-up studies is carried out under solar light. Further, the effective solar photocatalytic degradation of TCT in distilled water and aquaculture wastewater is deeply investigated. TCT showed a 62% degradation efficiency in deionized water at the laboratory scale, while aquaculture effluent exhibited 87% degradation efficiency with the ZnO catalyst after 60 min of solar irradiation. The effect of multiple contaminants such as chloroquine (CLQ) and sulphamethoxazole (SMX) on TCT degradation is also investigated. CLQ inhibited the degradation of TCT, whereas SMX did not. The effective operational parameters, such as pH, irradiation time, photocatalyst dosage, the effect of oxidants, the effect of anions, and TCT concentration, were studied consecutively. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model best fit the experimental results (different tetracycline concentrations). Complete COD removal of TCT concentrations is achieved in deionized (≈90 mg/L) and aquaculture wastewater. The catalyst was characterized using SEM, TEM, and XRD images. LC-QTOF analysis was used to identify the intermediates formed during the degradation using a mechanistic pathway. The results suggest the possibility of using inexpensive natural and non-renewable solar energy to purify TCT-contaminated real wastewater, thereby enabling the reuse of scarce water resources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

127 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Optimal Power Management and Control of Hybrid Solar–Wind Microgrid Including Storage System

by Nour El Yakine Kouba and Slimane Sadoudi

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105003 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 315

Abstract

This paper aims to propose an application of artificial intelligence and nature-inspired optimization algorithms to design an optimal power management and frequency control loop that allows the integration of a large number of distributed generators, such as wind farms and solar PV generators, [...] Read more.

This paper aims to propose an application of artificial intelligence and nature-inspired optimization algorithms to design an optimal power management and frequency control loop that allows the integration of a large number of distributed generators, such as wind farms and solar PV generators, in isolated and islanded power systems. In addition, the proposed strategy was coordinated with a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) including a redox battery and fuel cells. The HESS was used to support the frequency regulation loop and reduce frequency oscillations during disturbances. An optimal Fuzzy-PID controller was employed to cope with system fluctuation using a recently developed optimization algorithm named Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA). The MPA algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of Fuzzy Logic and the PID controller. Furthermore, the proposed power management method was used to minimize the use of diesel generators by maximizing the participation of wind, PV, and storage systems to satisfy the load. To show the effectiveness and validity of the proposed strategy, various case studies have been simulated and presented in this work. A comparative study between some metaheuristic algorithms such PSO and GA have been carried out. Finally, robustness analyses have been performed in the presence of high-penetration wind farms and solar PV arrays with different load disturbances. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

128 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Marine Oil Spill Detection with Deep Neural Networks

by Fatih Uysal, Mesut Güven and Fırat Hardalaç

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105004 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 312

Abstract

Oil spills, primarily due to accidents involving pipelines, tankers, and storage facilities, significantly impact marine life, particularly fish and shellfish [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

156 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Inhibition Effect of Benzimidazolium Salts on Swarming Motility on Pseudomonas Aeruginosa PAO1

by Müge Muşmula, Ebru Önem and Senem Akkoç

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105005 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 284

Abstract

Introduction: Bacteria can move across semisolid surfaces in colonies of flagella-driven cells [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

167 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

ZnO Quantum Dot Synthesis and Integration with Carbonaceous Materials

by Vasilica Țucureanu, Cosmin Alexandru Obreja, Gabriel Crăciun and Alina Matei

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105006 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 384

Abstract

The biomedical area uses nanostructured materials to maximize therapeutic advantages while minimizing invasiveness and toxicity. Their applications include drug delivery, therapy activation, diagnostics, and real-time therapeutic response monitoring. The development of materials for sensors and electrochemical analysis has become essential for monitoring biomolecules. [...] Read more.

The biomedical area uses nanostructured materials to maximize therapeutic advantages while minimizing invasiveness and toxicity. Their applications include drug delivery, therapy activation, diagnostics, and real-time therapeutic response monitoring. The development of materials for sensors and electrochemical analysis has become essential for monitoring biomolecules. The concentration, size, and dispersion of nanoparticles in the carbonaceous matrix are the main factors that influence the conductivity of nanocomposites. The strong interactions and high surface energy of graphene materials often moderate its homogeneous compatibility with various media. In the present work, we propose the synthesis of zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs) and their integration with carbonaceous materials to create nanocomposites with electrochemical uses. ZnO QDs were obtained through the precipitation method. Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized using the Hummer technique. ZnO-GO was obtained via the in situ hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized through a variety of analytical methods to understand their morphology, size, structural phase purity, functional groups, and wetting capacity. Using spectroscopic analysis, the materials—the oxide, the carbonaceous material, and the composite—were examined from a structural perspective. Using a field-emission scanning electron microscope, the surface morphology, particle size, and distribution of the nanoparticles in the carbon material were investigated. The goniometric investigations monitored the nanocomposite’s wetting and percolation capacities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

134 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Catalysis of NHC–Pd Complexes in the Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction

by İrem Bayar and Senem Akkoc

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105007 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 271

Abstract

Introduction: N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are considered important preferred auxiliary ligands for transition metals due to their strong σ-donor and weak π-acceptor properties and ease of structural modification in catalyst design. The functionalization of NHC by adding different substituent groups is an effective strategy [...] Read more.

Introduction: N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are considered important preferred auxiliary ligands for transition metals due to their strong σ-donor and weak π-acceptor properties and ease of structural modification in catalyst design. The functionalization of NHC by adding different substituent groups is an effective strategy for designing complexes with desired electronic and steric properties. NHC–Pd complexes are of particular importance due to their resistance to air, moisture and heat and their strong stability under catalytic and biological conditions. It is known that NHC–Pd complexes show excellent performance in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The traditional Suzuki–Miyaura reaction involves the cross-coupling reaction of alkyl and arylboronic acids with aryl halides. This reaction has some advantages over other C-C coupling reactions. The use of water as a suitable and reliable solvent in the reaction, the fact that the reaction products are generally poorly soluble in water and can be easily separated from the reaction mixture, the use of non-toxic chemicals, the moderation of reaction conditions, and good functional group compatibility make it useful and worth studying. There are many examples of studies on the application of NHC–Pd complexes in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction in aqueous media, and the highly effective catalytic activities and versatility of these reactions have been proven. Methods: In this study, a series of benzimidazole-based Pd–NHC complexes were synthesized. The synthesized complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods. All complexes were tested as catalysts in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Results: According to the obtained results, the synthesized benzimidazole-based Pd–NHC complexes were found to have high catalytic activity in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Conclusions: The synthesized NHC-Pd complexes can be used as potential catalysts due to their high catalytic activity. It is thought that these catalysts can be used in different biochemical studies in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

157 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Dielectric Analysis of Polypropylene-Based Composites Filled with Pyrolytically Stripped Pyrograf^® III Carbon Nanofibers

by Najoia Aribou, Antonio Jose Paleo and Mohammed Essaid Achour

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105008 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 272

Abstract

In this study, pyrolytically stripped (PS) Pyrograf^® III carbon nanofiber (CNF)/polypropylene (PP) composite films produced by a scalable melt-mixing method are used to investigate the effects of CNFs’ weight concentrations on their dielectric properties. Unexpectedly, the electrical conductivity of PP/CNF composite films [...] Read more.

In this study, pyrolytically stripped (PS) Pyrograf^® III carbon nanofiber (CNF)/polypropylene (PP) composite films produced by a scalable melt-mixing method are used to investigate the effects of CNFs’ weight concentrations on their dielectric properties. Unexpectedly, the electrical conductivity of PP/CNF composite films showed only a slight improvement with respect to pure PP, with values in the order of 10⁻⁸ S/m for PP/CNF composite films containing 5 wt.% CNFs. This increase corresponded to an improvement in the dielectric constant up to a maximum of approximately 9 at 1 MHz. This change was attributed to the polarization effect at the interface between the CNF agglomerates and the PP matrix. Moreover, the Cole–Cole model was employed to analyze the effects of CNF concentrations on the dielectric relaxation of PP/CNF composite films, revealing that the incorporation of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) not only increased the dielectric strength of the composites but also extended their relaxation times. These discoveries provide valuable insights into the mechanisms responsible for the dielectric properties of polymer composites produced with commercial carbon nanofibers (CNFs), thereby providing information for potential applications in the electronics arena. Additionally, understanding these mechanisms can pave the way for optimizing composite materials for diverse electronic applications. The results of this presentation have been published and can be consulted in previous work [1]. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

147 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Surfactant-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

by Ioannis Mourtzinos, Stamatia Christaki, Alkiviadis Tsetsilas and Anastasia Kyriakoudi

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105009 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 298

Abstract

Turmeric, the dry rhizome of Curcuma longa L [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

131 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Spectroscopy Insight in the Nickel Catalyst State in Carbon Nanotube Growth inside Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

by Marianna V. Kharlamova

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105010 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 226

Abstract

The catalyst state in carbon nanotube growth is metal or metal carbide [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

142 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Growth of Nanotubes inside eDIPS Carbon Nanotubes

by Marianna V. Kharlamova

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105011 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 265

Abstract

The growth of carbon nanotubes is a very important process [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

171 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Revalorization of Cinnamon Leaves via a Phenolic Compound Extraction Process: An Optimization Using Box–Behnken Design

by José Arturo Olguín-Rojas, Laura Mayoris Aguilar-Veloz, Paulina Aguirre-Lara, Irving David Pérez-Landa, Cecilia Vazquez-Gonzalez and Manuel González-Pérez

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105012 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 247

Abstract

The cultivation of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) is one of the most important worldwide [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

134 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Terbium Iodide-Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Microscopy and Spectroscopy Investigations

by Marianna V. Kharlamova

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105013 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 312

Abstract

Terbium (III) iodide is an interesting chemical compound with unique chemical properties. The introduction of terbium iodide into single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is an environment-friendly process, and it leads to the development of new nanocomposites with improved properties. The embedded terbium iodide forms [...] Read more.

Terbium (III) iodide is an interesting chemical compound with unique chemical properties. The introduction of terbium iodide into single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is an environment-friendly process, and it leads to the development of new nanocomposites with improved properties. The embedded terbium iodide forms new one-dimensional atomic structures inside the SWCNTs. Moreover, the electronic properties of filled SWCNTs are modified. Here, the atomic structures of terbium iodide-filled SWCNTs are investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and their microstructure, morphology, and filling degrees are studied. The electronic properties of filled SWCNTs are investigated using spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy provides information on the charge transfer inside filled SWCNTs. The number of transferred electrons and the charge transfer density along the SWCNT axis are estimated from the Raman spectra. These data on charge transfer are required for the application of terbium iodide-filled SWCNTs in nanoelectronics, thermoelectric power generation, and sensors. The obtained quantitative data reveal the high doping efficiencies of SWCNTs with terbium iodide. This is one of the most effective dopants for SWCNTs. The data show a strong p-doping of SWCNTs with the charge transfer from SWCNTs to terbium iodide. The data from Raman spectroscopy testify to the shift of the Fermi level to the valence band of the SWCNTs. The Fermi level shifts are estimated from these data. They are in the range of 0.3–0.4 eV and are comparable to the values for SWCNTs filled with other rare earth metals using environment-friendly processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

133 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

The Effect of Metal Halides and Metal Chalcogenides, Such as Iron Chloride, Cobalt Chloride, and Bismuth Telluride, on the Morphology and Electronic Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

by Marianna V. Kharlamova

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105014 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 225

Abstract

The loading of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is very important for applications [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

125 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Evaluating the Present Energy Demand and Electricity Market in Mozambique: A Thorough Examination of the Energy System

by Samuel Aires Master Lazaro

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105015 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 309

Abstract

This research thoroughly examines Mozambique’s energy system and current energy consumption [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

126 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

EcoSense: A Smart IoT-Based Digital Twin Monitoring System for Enhanced Farm Climate Insights

by Cheikh Abdelkader Ahmed Telmoud

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105016 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 279

Abstract

The convergence of digital technology and agriculture has given rise to innovative solutions aimed at augmenting productivity, sustainability, and efficiency in agriculture. One transformative idea that has garnered significant [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

141 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Effects of LED Light Irradiation on Ripening and Nutritional Quality of ‘Puwalu’ Banana (Musa sp.) during Postharvest Storage

by Haththotuwa Gamage Amal Sudaraka Samarasinghe, Udara Chandrajith Samaranayake, Kohombange Mithila Devindi and Jayathissa Arachchilage Udani Manodya

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105017 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 266

Abstract

Bananas (Musa sp [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

132 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Synthesis and Characterization of In₂O₃-ZnO Nanostructures via the Precipitation Method

by Alina Matei, Oana Brincoveanu, Cosmin Romanitan and Vasilica Tucureanu

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105018 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 302

Abstract

Nanocomposites, through their synergetic interaction between components, lead to integrated compatible structures, which opens new horizons for their application as materials in the realization of sensors. In₂O₃-ZnO, nanostructures exhibit a large bandgap, high optical transparency, electrical conductivity, uniform surface, [...] Read more.

Nanocomposites, through their synergetic interaction between components, lead to integrated compatible structures, which opens new horizons for their application as materials in the realization of sensors. In₂O₃-ZnO, nanostructures exhibit a large bandgap, high optical transparency, electrical conductivity, uniform surface, chemical and thermal stability in different environments, and excellent photoelectrocatalytic performance, which can be attributed to the enhanced absorption of photons in the visible range and the effective separation of charge carriers at the interface, which makes them interesting for biomedical applications. To obtain these types of materials, the synthesis methods play a fundamental role, influencing the characteristics of the individual components, the bonds formed between them, size, degree of distribution, interface interactions, performance criteria, etc. In the present paper, for the synthesis of In₂O₃-ZnO composites, the wet chemical method was used, followed by the steps of maturation, aging, and filtration, drying, and, finally, heat-treatment steps. To obtain the desired properties of the synthesized composites, it was ensured that the process parameters (reaction temperature, rate of addition of reactants, concentration, etc.) were precisely controlled, because they have a direct effect on the size and morphology of the particles. Methods for investigating the structure, morphology, and wetting capacity are consistent with the physical–chemical properties. Thus, using SEM, equipped with EDX, the morphology and size of the particles were investigated, and microanalysis of the chemical composition of the composite structures was carried out. FTIR spectroscopy was used for the structural characterization of the samples, indicating the presence of the characteristic In-O and Zn-O bonds, and by means of X-ray diffraction structures of high crystallinity and purity. The study of the wetting capacity highlighted composites with a strong hydrophilic character. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

126 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Advancements in Air Quality Monitoring: The Role of Drone Technology

by Bartosz Nycz and Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105019 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 475

Abstract

This paper explores the integration of drone technology into air quality monitoring, highlighting its potential to revolutionize environmental data collection [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

156 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Exploring the Reaction Mechanism and Electronic, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Parameters of Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction to CO on a Copper Electrocatalyst Using First-Principle Calculations

by Reza Gholizadeh, Blaž Likozar and Matej Huš

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105020 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 283

Abstract

Introduction: The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to carbon monoxide (CO) is a promising approach to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and produce valuable chemicals [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

167 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Effect of a Beer Bagasse Dehydration Process on the Recovery of Ferulic Acid and Other Phenolic Compounds as an Alternative to Agroindustrial Waste Revalorization

by Carmen Soto-Maldonado, Araceli Olivares-Miralles and Franco Cárdenas-Fehrenberg

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105021 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 273

Abstract

Beer is one of the oldest drinks consumed by humans. In 2023, a global production of 211.56 billion liters of this beverage was estimated. Beer production generates various wastes, bagasse being the most significant—equivalent to 31% of the raw material. The main waste [...] Read more.

Beer is one of the oldest drinks consumed by humans. In 2023, a global production of 211.56 billion liters of this beverage was estimated. Beer production generates various wastes, bagasse being the most significant—equivalent to 31% of the raw material. The main waste is spent barley grains, which are used as animal feed or a soil improver or disposed of in landfills. An alternative for its revaluation is the recovery of compounds with biological activity from bagasse, such as ferulic acid; however, this type of compound can be thermolabile, and processes such as dehydration can affect the amount of bioactive compounds. Given the above, this work aims to compare the recovery of total phenolic compounds (TPCs), especially ferulic acid (FA), after applying different dehydration conditions on Stout-type and Session IPA-type brewing bagasse. TPCs and FA were determined via Folin–Ciocalteu and HPLC methods, respectively. Drying by freeze-drying and by a convective process was evaluated. The results show that after increasing the temperature from 60 °C to 80 °C in the convective process, there are no significant differences in the presence of TPCs or AF for the Stout matter, with average values of 967 and 108 mg/100 g, respectively. In the case of the Session IPA bagasse, a decrease in the presence of AF is observed with increasing temperature. On the other hand, when comparing the results with the freeze-drying process, the latter produces raw materials with a lower amount of TPCs, but with higher levels of AF, with values of up to 210 mg/100 g of raw material. The results presented allow us to conclude that the recovery of FA from brewing bagasse is feasible, and that the process variables have an important effect on its recovery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

135 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Two-Phase Electrocoagulation with Organic Medium and Electrolyte System for Volatile Compound Profile Identification in Commercialized Perfume

by Isaya Thaveesangsakulthai, Sorrawit Songsathitmetha and Chadin Kulsing

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105022 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 268

Abstract

An Electrocoagulation (EC) approach was developed utilizing two aluminum electrodes and a two-phase medium consisting of an aqueous solution of electrolyte and hexane (referred to as two-phase-EC) [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

128 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Harvesting Insights: AI-Driven Rice Yield Predictions and Big Data Analytics in Agriculture

by Cheikh Abdelkader Ahmed Telmoud

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105023 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 548

Abstract

This paper explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics in predicting rice yields within the agricultural domain. By employing advanced algorithms and innovative methodologies, our study aims to contribute to the optimization of crop management strategies, providing a [...] Read more.

This paper explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics in predicting rice yields within the agricultural domain. By employing advanced algorithms and innovative methodologies, our study aims to contribute to the optimization of crop management strategies, providing a glimpse into the future of sustainable agriculture. The integration of AI and big data analytics allows us to unveil novel insights into rice yield predictions, emphasizing their broader implications for global food security. Our optimized Random Forest Regression model exhibited impressive results, with a Mean Forecasting Error (MFE) of 0.0001, a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.00016, a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.000014, and a Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) of 0.003. Our innovative methodologies involve combining climatic data, rice yield from previous seasons, and cultivated areas as input variables for prediction models. Additionally, we employ advanced optimization methods such as Optuna and Hyperopt to enhance our model. The integration of AI with big data analytics into rice yield predictions aids in preparing the data to achieve high quality before applying our models. This includes selecting optimal features and simulating our model with generated data to ensure it avoids overfitting. The potential of our approach has led to the creation of a digital agricultural twin for monitoring, analyzing, and visualizing data provided by sensors installed on a farm in Rosso during the study period. Looking forward, this digital twin enhances precision agriculture practices, contributing to sustainable farming and global food security. As a future perspective, we aim to create an intelligent system using our models and integrate IoT technologies to expose our model results as a service. We plan to publish the first Mauritanian agricultural database for other researchers to use in their future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

156 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Moringa arborea-Mediated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Their Characterization and Their Anti-Cancer Potential on Highly and Weakly Metastatic Human Breast Cancer Cells

by Huzaifa Umar and Maryam Rabiu Aliyu

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105024 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 326

Abstract

Iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized with Moringa arborea were synthesized [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

128 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Do Plastic Packages Provide Sufficient Photoprotection for Moisturizing Creams?

by Dominika Dzikowska and Beata Sarecka-Hujar

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105025 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 237

Abstract

Background: The effect of creams depends on their appropriate quality and stability, ensuring safe use [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

124 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Adsorption of Methyl Orange onto Calcium Ferrite for Environmental Sustainability

by Saifullahi Abdullahi Abubakar and Hamza Abdulhamid

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105026 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 237

Abstract

Wastewater poses public and environmental problems when discharged into aquatic systems due to industrial, agricultural, or domestic activities [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

152 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Forecasting Trona Product Quality in Spray Drying Using Reactive Engineering Approach (REA)

by Lawrence Koech, Thato Ntsolloane, Kasturie Premlall and Munyadziwa Ramakokovhu

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105027 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 244

Abstract

This study presents the formulation and development of a Reactive Engineering Approach (REA) kinetic model to characterize the drying kinetics of Trona across diverse experimental scenarios. By integrating fundamental reaction principles with experimental data, the REA model aimed at offering predictive capabilities to [...] Read more.

This study presents the formulation and development of a Reactive Engineering Approach (REA) kinetic model to characterize the drying kinetics of Trona across diverse experimental scenarios. By integrating fundamental reaction principles with experimental data, the REA model aimed at offering predictive capabilities to forecast trona drying behaviours. The model formulation involved solving both heat and mass transfer models to predict the drying behaviour and product quality such as temperature distribution and moisture content and along the spray dryer. The model equations were solved using finite difference method to develop a one-dimensional model. The validity of the developed REA kinetic model was assessed by comparing its predictions against the experimental data from diverse drying conditions. Experimentation involved drying Trona slurry under varying experimental condition such as slurry flowrate (12–28 mL/min), solid concentration (5–15%), inlet gas flowrate (40–80 m³/h) and inlet gas temperature (120–200 °C). This was carried out using a laboratory scale spray dryer while observing the spray characteristics including exit temperature and moisture content. The model simulation results presented close alignment with the experimental data indicating effective representation of the moisture loss behaviour under different operating conditions. Specifically, the model predicted higher rates of moisture loss at higher inlet gas temperatures (200 °C), consistent with experimental observations. Additionally, it indicated a decreasing rate of moisture loss along the chamber height (0–0.5 m) due to decreasing temperatures. Moreover, the model predicted a decreasing rate of moisture loss with increasing slurry concentration, consistent with final moisture content measurements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

142 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

The Use of a Sonoplasma Discharge for the Prevention of Biocorrosion in Oil Wells

by Anna Abramova, Roman Nikonov, Igor Fedulov and Vadim Bayazitov

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105028 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 246

Abstract

Nowadays, the problem of the biocorrosion of equipment placed inside oil wells due to the injection of unprepared water into oil reservoirs in order to increase the reservoir pressure is becoming more and more urgent [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

153 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Lévy Distribution Meta-Heuristic Fuzzy-Based Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Framework Design of Type-2 Fuzzy Controller: Subject to Perturbations

by Himanshukumar Rajendrabhai Patel

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105029 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 245

Abstract

New metaheuristic algorithms have recently been created based on Lévy Flight (LF), drawing inspiration from biological and natural events [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

126 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Automated Extraction of Geographic Locations from Natural Language Text: Implications for Process Control and Mechanism

by Ashutosh Das, B. Sahithi, Pallavi Choudhury and Neelamadhab Padhy

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105030 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 265

Abstract

Context: Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, along with database management tools and fuzzy string-matching libraries, play a pivotal role in automating the extraction of geographic locations from textual data [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

114 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Design of Fuzzy Type-1 and Interval Type-2 Fuzzy-Based Harmonic Search Optimization Algorithms for Uncertain Systems: Fault-Tolerant Control Utilization

by Himanshukumar Rajendrabhai Patel

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105031 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 257

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to enhance the efficacy of the harmonic search (HS) algorithm with dynamically changing evolutionary optimization method parameters utilizing fuzzy type-1 (FT1) and interval type-2 fuzzy systems (IT2FS) [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

127 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Integration of IoT and Machine Learning for Real-Time Monitoring and Control of Heart Disease Patients

by Neelamadhab Padhy, Rasmita Panigrahi, Sibo Prasad Patro, Vishal Kumar Swain and Kiran Kumar Sahu

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105032 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 327

Abstract

Context: In the 21st century, the integration of IoT and AI plays a vital role in the real-time monitoring and control of heart disease [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

124 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Cultivar-Driven Variations in the Production of Apple Cider Vinegar

by Edward Muntean

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105033 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 402

Abstract

Apple cider vinegar has gained widespread popularity for its numerous health benefits and versatile applications in human consumption [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

127 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

HPLC Profiling of Soluble Carbohydrates for Unveiling Low-Flatulence Potential Soybean Genotypes

by Edward Muntean, Camelia Urda and Raluca Rezi

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105034 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 243

Abstract

Soybean is a globally significant crop, holding multifaceted importance due to its diverse applications in food, feed, and fuel production, along with its utilization in the synthesis of various chemicals [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

127 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Forward and Inverse Robotics Kinematics JavaScript-HTML5 Simulator

by Spyridon Mitropoulos, Odysseas Tsakiridis and Ioannis Christakis

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105035 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 249

Abstract

The development of technology nowadays, and specifically in the field of robotics, is an increasingly developed field of research and development by the scientific community to optimize its productivity [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

144 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Therapeutic Potential of Fractions of Globimetula oreophila (Oliv. ex Hook.f.) Leaf Extract Growing on Azadirachta indica against Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice: An In Vivo Approach

by Dauda Garba, Bila Hassan Ali, Bashar Bawa, Abdulrazaq Sanusi, Yahaya Mohammed Sani, Musa Isma’il Abdullahi, Muhammad Garba Magaji, Aliyu Muhammad Musa and Hassan Halimatu Sadiya

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105036 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 262

Abstract

The development of parasite resistance to first-line antimalarial medicines, especially the ACTs, has made the research and development of novel antimalarial medications vital [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

137 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Molten Base Carbonisation and Activation of Bamboo Shoots to Generate Capacitive Carbon

by Ishioma Laurene Egun, Di Hu, Haiyong He and George Zhen Chen

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105037 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 224

Abstract

Porous carbon with hierarchical pores has been produced from wet bamboo shoots via molten base carbonization and activation at 700 °C, with a short residence time of 1 h, using two different reactor configurations [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

135 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Quadrotor UAV Altitude Control Using FOPID, PID and Integral State Feedback Controller

by Abubakar Umar, Muhammed Bashir Mu’azu, Yusuf Sha’aban Abubakar, Zaharuddeen Haruna, Ime Jarlath Umoh and Shamsuddeen Yusuf

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105038 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 252

Abstract

This research presents the development of an altitude control for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using a fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, and an integral state feedback (ISF) controller [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

123 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Unveiled Sustainability: Beyond Carbon and towards a Holistic Analysis of Industrial Processes

by Paolo Trucillo

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105039 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 207

Abstract

The concept of sustainability has gained significant traction in recent times, permeating not only academic but also industrial fields [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

139 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Determination of Qualitative Changes in Edible Oils during the Oxidation Process Using the FTIR Method

by Grażyna Neunert and Wiktoria Kamińska

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105040 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 266

Abstract

In the food industry, including the fat and oil sector, chemical methods are commonly used for routine quality analyses. These analyses are typically time-consuming and often require the use of toxic solvents and reagents. Moreover, in some cases, sophisticated instruments such as gas [...] Read more.

In the food industry, including the fat and oil sector, chemical methods are commonly used for routine quality analyses. These analyses are typically time-consuming and often require the use of toxic solvents and reagents. Moreover, in some cases, sophisticated instruments such as gas chromatographs are used, which are expensive and a form of advanced instrumentation. As an alternative approach, it is possible to use simpler methods utilizing spectroscopic techniques, like FTIR spectroscopy, the results of which have been reported to correlate with those obtained using wet chemical methods. In this study, we used the FTIR technique to assess the oxidative stability of some edible oils available on the Polish market. The oils studied were nigella seed, pumpkin seed, flax seed, linseed, evening primrose seed, and thistle seed oils. FTIR/ATR spectra of the undiluted oils were recorded in the range of 500–4000 cm⁻¹ with a resolution of 2 cm⁻¹. To monitor the oxidation process, the peak at 721 cm⁻¹, related to cis double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), and the peak intensity at 986 cm⁻¹, associated with the presence of conjugated diene groups of hydroperoxides (HPs), were analyzed. The content of free fatty acids (FFAs) and the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids (UFAs/SFAs) were qualitatively expressed by the intensity band at 1712 cm⁻¹ and the peak ratio of 3011/2925 cm⁻¹, respectively. Additionally, using the Triphenylphosphine/Triphenylphosphine Oxide (TPP/TPPO) assay, the peroxide value (PV) was calculated. The parameter analysis revealed significant variations among the tested oils. Moreover, all determined parameters from the FTIR spectrum changed during the oxidation process. However, the nature and degree of these changes differed depending on the oil tested. The findings indicated that the straightforward instrumental FTIR method could serve as a rapid analytical tool for evaluating the level of oxidation or comparing the quality of edible oils. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

162 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Sage Essential Oils: Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Commercial Samples

by Beatriz Pereira de Freitas, Yasmin Santos Gonçalves da Silva, Alex de Aguiar Novo, Eliane Przytyk Jung and Leilson de Oliveira Ribeiro

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105041 - 27 May 2024

Viewed by 258

Abstract

The essential oil of Salvia officinalis, an aromatic plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is very useful in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries due to its biological properties, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. The present work aims to optimize [...] Read more.

The essential oil of Salvia officinalis, an aromatic plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is very useful in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries due to its biological properties, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. The present work aims to optimize the extraction of essential oils from commercial samples using an experimental design with two independent variables, the solid/liquid ratio (w/v) and time, followed by an evaluation of the response variables, yield and antioxidant activity. A chemical characterization of the oils was also carried out. For this, the material obtained from local stores in the city of Rio de Janeiro was subjected to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus, and the identification and quantification of the compounds in the isolated oil were carried out using GC/MS. The antioxidant capacity was determined by calculating the percentage inhibition of the DPPH^● radical, resulting in a variation between 8.7 and 28.3% inhibition. The results show that the number of compounds identified and their respective chemical classes have an impact on the difference in the percentage of inhibition of the radical due to their particular properties. In this work, we chose to evaluate the experiments that presented the best and worst responses in the experimental design, which where obtained in the following conditions: the solid/liquid ratio was 1:14 (w/v) for 180 min and 1:50 (w/v) for 60 min, respectively. The first condition showed the best results, which may be associated with a higher concentration of sesquiterpenes, highlighting β-caryophyllene, which has recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It can therefore be concluded that sage essential oil has significant bioactive properties; however, the differences in extraction conditions have a direct influence on antioxidant activity, since during the process, the conditions applied can lead to the loss of important volatile compounds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

150 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

¹³⁷Cs Accumulation by Plants of Floodplain Ecosystems

by Oleksandr Lukash, Halina Tkaczenko, Anita Szikura and Natalia Kurhaluk

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105042 - 27 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 232

Abstract

The analysis of ¹³⁷Cs accumulation by plants of forest, marsh, meadow, psamophytic, and ruderal communities in the Dnipro River floodplain (Ukraine) was carried out [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

127 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Computational Insight into Graphene Functionalization for DNA Sequencing: A DFT Approach

by Adnan Aliyu, Benjamin Obi Tayo, Toyese Oyegoke and Vitalis Chioh Anye

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105043 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 370

Abstract

Most diseases, such as cancer, gene mutations, or infections among humans, are due to DNA nucleotide mis-sequence [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

150 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Synthesis of N-Flurbiprofen-Substituted 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolines

by Diyana Dimitrova, Stanimir Manolov, Iliyan Ivanov and Dimitar Bojilov

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105044 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 289

Abstract

Isoquinoline alkaloids constitute a substantial category of natural products, among which 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) holds significance. THIQ-based compounds, whether natural or synthetic, showcase a wide array of biological activities, demonstrating efficacy against diverse infectious pathogens and neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, THIQ heterocyclic structures have garnered [...] Read more.

Isoquinoline alkaloids constitute a substantial category of natural products, among which 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) holds significance. THIQ-based compounds, whether natural or synthetic, showcase a wide array of biological activities, demonstrating efficacy against diverse infectious pathogens and neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, THIQ heterocyclic structures have garnered considerable interest within the scientific realm, driving the exploration and synthesis of novel THIQ derivatives with notable biological potential. In contrast, flurbiprofen falls under the category of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and demonstrates both antipyretic and analgesic effects. Its potential extends beyond mere pain relief; it has been suggested for both local and systemic applications, such as inhibiting colon tumor growth and platelet aggregation. In our research, we focus on synthesizing novel N-flurbiprofen-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines. We explore novel methods for the amide cyclization, investigating the feasibility of utilizing new environmentally friendly reagents. Specifically, we examine the efficacy of strong protic acids that are immobilized on a silica gel as heterogeneous acid catalysts in intramolecular α-amidoalkylation reactions. These acid-supported silica gel systems are pivotal in acid-catalyzed synthetic processes, emerging as preferred options for producing novel organic compounds, aligning with eco-friendly practices. Our interest lies in applying this heterogeneous acid system on a silica gel as a “heterogeneous catalyst” to synthesize isoquinoline derivatives of flurbiprofen and elucidate the relationship between their structure and activity. When investigating the intramolecular α-amidoalkylation reaction, we conduct multiple experiments to determine the ideal reaction conditions. This involves altering solvents and acid reagents while considering the acid-catalyzed nature of the reaction. The novel compounds were successfully synthesized through an intramolecular α-amidoalkylation reaction. This synthesis method involved heating the reactants at 80 °C in dichloroethane, supplemented with a heterogeneous acid catalyst, PPA/SiO₂. The obtained compounds underwent full spectral characterization using ¹H and ¹³C NMR, IR spectroscopy, and mass analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

143 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Some Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Natural Sources

by Ilya Andreevich Nikishin, Anna Andreevna Chepurina, Angelina Romanovna Morkel, Anton Aleksandrovich Sychev, Nikita Sergeevich Lyakhovchenko, Kseniya Aleksandrovna Sova and Inna Petrovna Solyanikova

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105045 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 269

Abstract

Cheeses are a group of fermented dairy products manufactured worldwide [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

141 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Application of Electrochemical Processes to Membrane Bioreactors for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment: A Short Review

by Fabiano Castrogiovanni

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105046 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 267

Abstract

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are considered as innovative systems for wastewater treatment in line with sustainable development and the reuse of treated wastewater. One of the main problems of MBRs is the fouling of the membrane modules, defined as fouling, which affects both the [...] Read more.

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are considered as innovative systems for wastewater treatment in line with sustainable development and the reuse of treated wastewater. One of the main problems of MBRs is the fouling of the membrane modules, defined as fouling, which affects both the stability and the effectiveness of the biological purification process. Among the many technologies developed by the scientific community for the mitigation of fouling, the application of electrochemical processes to MBRs has attracted considerable interest. It has been observed that these processes present greater simplicity from a management point of view and, at the same time, allow an improvement in the purification performance of the system, achieving greater purification efficiencies compared to conventional MBR systems. Unlike traditional chemical and physical cleaning methods, which cause a reduction in the useful life of the membranes and require higher operating costs, these systems, defined as membrane electrobioreactors (eMBRs), can prove economically advantageous. This technology does not involve the addition of chemical substances in the reactor, which can alter the characteristics of the wastewater. It is also simple from a management point of view and can be easily monitored in situ. The eMBR configurations used must be evaluated on the basis of different operating conditions, as a correct balance of parameters is essential for achieving the set objectives. This paper seeks to review technologies proposed for wastewater treatment using eMBRs. Finally, the challenges in applying these removal strategies are also highlighted in this brief review. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

129 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Comparative Evaluation of Milk Oligosaccharides Isolated and Fractionated from Indigenous Rathi Cow Milk for Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Adhesive Properties

by Desh Deepak A. P. Singh Chauhan, Saroj Kumar, Vikas Gautam, Sudhir Mehrotra, Ashutosh Singh, Desh Deepak and Sarita Chauhan

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105047 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 298

Abstract

Milk, a cornerstone of neonatal nutrition and human health, harbors various components with antioxidant capabilities, including oligosaccharides. In this study, we explored the antioxidant potential of acetylated milk oligosaccharides (A-MOs) and deacetylated oligosaccharides (D-MOs) sourced from Rathi cow milk through assays, with a [...] Read more.

Milk, a cornerstone of neonatal nutrition and human health, harbors various components with antioxidant capabilities, including oligosaccharides. In this study, we explored the antioxidant potential of acetylated milk oligosaccharides (A-MOs) and deacetylated oligosaccharides (D-MOs) sourced from Rathi cow milk through assays, with a focus on their comparative efficacy. Concurrently, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of Ascorbic Acid (AA) for comparison. Results revealed significant dynamics within the antioxidant profiles of A-MOs and D-MOs. A-MOs demonstrated concentration-dependent antioxidant activity, with higher concentrations correlating with increased efficacy, while D-MOs displayed a distinct pattern, with varying antioxidant potential across concentrations. Notably, both A-MOs and D-MOs exhibited promising antioxidant activity, suggesting their potential as natural antioxidants. In contrast, AA exhibited a decline in antioxidant activity with increasing concentration, indicating a differing pattern from oligosaccharides. These findings underscore the significance of acetylation in modulating the antioxidant properties of milk oligosaccharides. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these observations and to explore the practical implications of A-MOs and D-MOs as functional food components or potential therapeutic agents. Overall, our study contributes to the understanding of milk oligosaccharides’ antioxidant properties and highlights the potential of acetylated and deacetylated oligosaccharides from Rathi cow milk as valuable sources of natural antioxidants with diverse applications in nutrition and healthcare. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

144 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Sliding Mode Control of a Photovoltaic Water Pumping System

by Ali Berboucha, Kamel Djermouni, Kaci Ghedamsi, Elyazid Amirouche, Said Aissou and Djamal Aouzellag

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105048 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 238

Abstract

This paper aimed to evaluate the performance of a three-phase double-stage photovoltaic water pumping system. Ours is composed of several components. These include a photovoltaic array; a boost DC-DC converter with a maximum power point tracking algorithm based on the Perturb and Observe [...] Read more.

This paper aimed to evaluate the performance of a three-phase double-stage photovoltaic water pumping system. Ours is composed of several components. These include a photovoltaic array; a boost DC-DC converter with a maximum power point tracking algorithm based on the Perturb and Observe technique; a three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter, which is controlled using simplified space vector pulse width modulation; and a moto-pump group based on an induction motor and tank. The induction motor is distinguished by its rigidness, reliability and relatively low cost. However, the difficulty of controlling the induction motor is related to the fact that its mathematical model in Park configuration is nonlinear and highly coupled. The regulation of the speed, rotor flux and d-q axis currents of the Field-Oriented Control is achieved through the use of sliding-mode-control-based regulators. To evaluate the performance of the proposed control strategy, simulations were conducted using the Matlab/Simulink platform while considering varying levels of irradiation and temperature. The simulation outcomes conclusively demonstrate that the proposed system control has good performance with regard to dynamic responses, control robustness and power quality, thus affirming its efficacy. A solar water pumping system that uses photovoltaic energy has the potential to be a dependable and effective way to pump water while using sustainable energy sources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

129 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Analyzing Power Consumption in a Coaxial Bioreactor Using Machine Learning Techniques with Computational Fluid Dynamics

by Ali Rahimzadeh, Farhad Ein-Mozaffari and Ali Lohi

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105049 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 207

Abstract

Agitated bioreactors are the subject of many studies regarding their design and scale-up to enhance the productivity in various chemical and biochemical industries. In this regard, accurately predicting their power consumption is very important, because it influences the mass transfer rate and flow [...] Read more.

Agitated bioreactors are the subject of many studies regarding their design and scale-up to enhance the productivity in various chemical and biochemical industries. In this regard, accurately predicting their power consumption is very important, because it influences the mass transfer rate and flow uniformity inside the bioreactor. A literature review revealed that no study has been conducted to investigate the performance of coaxial bioreactors in terms of their power consumption using a machine learning method. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed and validated against experimental data. Subsequently, 500 simulations at different aeration rates (2–6 L/min), anchor impeller speeds (3.5–9.5 rpm), central impeller speeds (60–150 rpm), and rotating modes (co-rotating and counter-rotating) were conducted. The data from these simulations were utilized to train and test various machine learning models. Initially, the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classification model was employed to categorize the coaxial bioreactors into different rotating modes. It was found that with just the torque value and central impeller speed, the model achieved successful classification. In addition, various regression models, including multi-layer perceptron (MLP), KNN, and random forest, were developed to predict the torque that would be produced by the coaxial bioreactor. For all models, the hyperparameter tuning and cross-validations were performed. The mean squared error (MSE) evaluation showed that the random forest model had superior performance compared to its counterparts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

118 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Design and Fabrication of Heterojunctions of Thiosemicarbazones and Metallic Nanoparticles in Search of Their Medicinal Activity

by Ekhlakh Veg, Seema Joshi and Tahmeena Khan

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105050 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 234

Abstract

Introduction: Thiosemicarbazone (TSC) derivatives and their complexes have emerged as versatile medicinal agents [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

608 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Modeling and Control of Hydrogen Production Systems through Water Electrolysis and Res Power

by Vasileios Provatas, Stavros Dapontis, Michalis Konsolakis and Dimitris Ipsakis

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105051 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 264

Abstract

The increased consumption of fossil fuels has led to scientific interest in establishing a hydrogen-based infrastructure [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

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127 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Application of Thiolated Silica Nanoparticles in Food Industries

by Shakeel Ahmed Ansari and Rukhsana Satar

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105052 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 253

Abstract

This study demonstrates the synthesis of silica nanoparticles (Si-NPs) using the sol-gel method, followed by thiolation via mercaptopropyl tri-methoxy-silane, to encourage the covalent binding of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase with the developed nanosupport [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

146 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Application for Validation of Compound Identification in GC×GC Based on Retention Index

by Palathip Kakanopas, Isaya Thaveesangsakulthai and Chadin Kulsing

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105053 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 261

Abstract

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) is a powerful technique for separating, identifying, and quantifying volatile and semi-volatile compounds in complex samples [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

144 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Physiology and Cell Viability of New Strains of Destructors of Organic Pollutants

by Leila R. Iminova, Anton N. Zvonarev and Valentina N. Polivtseva

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105054 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 227

Abstract

Every year, people cause more and more harm to the environment as a result of their activities, so the search for new strains of pollutant destructors remains an urgent task. Microbial destructors are the inhabitants of various natural sources: soil, water, etc. We [...] Read more.

Every year, people cause more and more harm to the environment as a result of their activities, so the search for new strains of pollutant destructors remains an urgent task. Microbial destructors are the inhabitants of various natural sources: soil, water, etc. We isolated four strains from soil (designated SL-1, 2, 3 and SL-4) and two from river sludge (designated IL-1 and IL-2). The isolation was carried out by the enrichment culture method on a mineral medium containing phenol at a concentration of 0.5 g/L as the sole source of energy and carbon. The pure cultures obtained were tested for their ability to grow on phenol at a concentration of 0.5–2 g/L. The studies showed that strain SL-4 was able to grow on phenol at concentrations of up to 2 g/L, while strains IL-1, SL-1, SL-2 and SL-3 were able to grow on phenol up to 1.5 g/L, and IL-1 was able to grow on phenol up to 0.5 g/L. The new isolates were further tested for their ability to degrade toluene (50 g/L), pinoxaden (50 g/L), a diesel + gasoline mixture, biphenyl and oil. The isolates showed growth on all the substrates used as sole carbon and an energy source, except for strains IL-1, IL-2, SL-1 and SL-3, which are incapable of toluene utilization. The strains were tested for their ability to grow at high salinity. Studies have shown that strain SL-4 is able to grow on a medium with up to 120 g/L of NaCl and the other isolates with up to 100 g/L. The studied strains were also tested for cell viability when growing at high concentrations of phenol and its chlorinated derivatives. The peculiarities of the physiology of isolates and the maintenance of cell viability in unfavorable conditions are important for their further use as a basis for biological products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

139 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Investigation of Thermal Stability of Mg₈₄Cu₁₆ as New Potential High-Temperature Phase Change Materials for Latent Heat Storagee

by Yassine El Karim, Abdessamad Faik, Yaroslav Grosu and Rachid Lbibb

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105055 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 244

Abstract

This work examines the thermal stability testing results of Mg84Cu16 as a new phase change material for its potential use in latent thermal energy storage systems for 488 °C transition temperatures. The results obtained in a previous study [1,2] showed that the Mg84-Cu16 [...] Read more.

This work examines the thermal stability testing results of Mg84Cu16 as a new phase change material for its potential use in latent thermal energy storage systems for 488 °C transition temperatures. The results obtained in a previous study [1,2] showed that the Mg84-Cu16 alloy is one the most promising materials for thermal energy storage applications due to their eutectic nature and because the highest thermal conductivity (106 W/mK) was reported in the 400–550 °C temperature range. To confirm these results, the thermal stability of this alloy and its behavior with container materials during its use in industrial conditions were evaluated. In the first part, the Mg84-Cu16, with latent heat of 232 J/g, was subjected to short-term thermal cycling tests in 30 melting/solidification cycles in order to identify any potential changes in their thermophysical and structural properties. Variations in thermophysical properties were analyzed using the DSC technique. The evolution of the eutectic microstructure was examined via SEM. The second part of this study studies the compatibility between the selected materiel and the different containment materials, such as SS304, SS316, and INCONEL, in order to identify the most suitable stainless steels that can be used in the construction of thermal energy storage unit for the Mg84Cu16 alloy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

129 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Influence of the Interaction between Fiber Hemp Residues and Soil on the Mechanical Characteristics of Residues

by Kristina Lekavičienė, Vilma Naujokienė and Eimantas Eigirdas

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105056 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 222

Abstract

The increasing global population and consumption levels necessitate an exploration into alternative agricultural practices, such as the cultivation of fiber hemp (Cannabis sativa L [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

130 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Agricultural Pest Classification Using Transfer Learning: A Process Control and Monitoring Perspective

by Vishal Kumar Swain, Neelamadhab Padhy, Tanmay Ray, Sonalika Biswal, Abhipsa Patra, Bhaskar Sri Viswaroopanand, Kiran Kumar Sahu and Abhijit Baral

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105057 - 28 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 303

Abstract

Context: Insect pests are insects that destroy or harm crop plants by cutting their roots, stems, and leaves, and they also absorb the plant’s cell sap from its diverse parts, impacting the crop’s basic health as well as its productivity [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

128 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Predicting the Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient in a Double Coaxial Mixer: An Artificial Neural Network Approach

by Forough Sharifi, Ehsan Behzadfar and Farhad Ein-Mozaffari

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105058 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 245

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a significant emphasis on predicting the mixing effectiveness of mechanically agitated tanks, particularly those employing coaxial mixers [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

124 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

A Mechanism to Detect Food Safety Threats Using IoT and C-LSTM: An Enhanced Approach for Farmwork

by Ajay B. Gadicha

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105059 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 216

Abstract

This research aims to explore the potential of machine learning techniques in enhancing the productivity of high-quality food products [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

290 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

The Design and Fabrication of a 3D-Printed Electrolyzer with Membrane-Less Technology for Green H₂ Production

by Niyamat Ullah Khan and Milan Kumar

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105060 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 255

Abstract

Hydrogen production through water splitting is a popular technology [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

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144 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Developments in the Field of Textile-Based Sensors: An Overview

by Derya Tama Birkocak, Elisabeth Eppinger and Lilia Sabantina

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105061 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 303

Abstract

Textile-based sensors have a broad application potential in technical textiles, e.g., for measuring temperature, strain, humidity, pressure, etc. Moreover, textile-based sensors represent a promising class of sensor technologies that open up new possibilities for applications in health monitoring, sports, wearables, and smart clothing [...] Read more.

Textile-based sensors have a broad application potential in technical textiles, e.g., for measuring temperature, strain, humidity, pressure, etc. Moreover, textile-based sensors represent a promising class of sensor technologies that open up new possibilities for applications in health monitoring, sports, wearables, and smart clothing by integrating sensor technology into textiles. These sensors utilize flexible and stretchable materials to enable their seamless integration into garments, allowing them to be worn comfortably and unobtrusively. Their appeal lies in their breathability, stretchability, flexibility, and comfortable feel, along with an easier fabrication process compared to traditional rigid sensors. The growing importance of flexible, thin, and lightweight sensors in electronic wearables is increasingly being researched, which is reflected in the growing number of publications. By using different fibres and coatings, textile-based sensors can detect a variety of physiological parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, muscle activity, and posture. In general, the integration of textile-based sensors into technical textiles allows for the creation of intelligent and functional materials that offer a wide range of applications. This incorporation is critical for the functionality of products, enabling them to sense, respond, and adapt to external stimuli. The evergrowing demand for smart textiles creates an increase in expectations for the range, accuracy, and stability of sensor measurements. The properties of both the textile and conductive components, alongside the level of mechanical impact that they are subjected to during use, significantly influence the overall reliability and durability of the electronic textiles. So far, only few solutions have passed durability tests, which has resulted in products that appear promising for marketable product solutions. This article gives an overview of the current research on textile-based sensors for various applications in technical textiles and smart clothing, as well as the materials and fabrication techniques used. Furthermore, it addresses challenges in sensor performance and future advancements in materials and technologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

131 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Development of Electrolysis for Oi Sobaegi Fermentation and Analysis of Volatile Compound Changes with GasChromatography–Mass Spectrometer

by Sorrawit Songsathitmetha, Isaya Thaveesangsakulthai and Chadin Kulsing

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105062 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 233

Abstract

This research introduces a method for modifying and enhancing the fermentation process and aroma of cucumber kimchi (Oi Sobaegi) based on an electrolysis mechanism using spring coil electrodes [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

116 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

From Concept to Creation: Developing a Sugar-Level Adjustable Tea-Making and Vending Solution

by Mahesha Harshani Jayantha and Suranga Anuruddha Thammita Arachchi

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105063 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 269

Abstract

In Sri Lanka, tea is a staple and a highly desired beverage [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

2 pages, 181 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Modeling of the Fluidized Bed Drying Process of Pirul (Schinus molle L.) Leaves

by José Arturo Olguín-Rojas, Paulina Aguirre-Lara, Maria Mariana González Urrieta, José Miguel Téllez Zepeda, Fernando Cansino Jacome and Guadalupe del Carmen Rodriguez-Jimenes

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105064 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 280

Abstract

The pirul tree (Schinus molle L [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

126 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

A Meta-Analysis of Emerging Green Technologies for Sustainable Solid Waste Management

by Sakshi Sakshi, Reena Singh and Krishna Neeti

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105065 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 224

Abstract

Solid waste management (SWM) is a vital issue for environmental and human health, as increasing waste generation poses serious challenges to conventional methods of waste disposal [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

156 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

The Effect of Deposition Cycles on the Morphological Properties of Bismuth Ferrite Nanostructured Thin Films

by Mouna Badji, Khalil Abdelkader Belalem, Yamna Bakha and Mokhtar Zerdali

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105066 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 232

Abstract

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO₃, abbreviated as BFO) has great potential for environmental applications [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

139 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Robust Zinc Metal–Organic Framework-5 for Selective Landfill Methane Capture: Synthesis and Physicochemical Property Analysis

by Vinessa Noluzuko Monakali, Kasturie Premlall, Major Mabuza and Mandlenkosi Mahlobo

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105067 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 245

Abstract

Landfills are the third leading source of methane (CH₄) emissions [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

136 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Ultrasonication and Thermal Treatment Impact on Quality Attributes of Lemon Functional Drink: A Comparative Study

by Ali Hasan and Rabia Firdous

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105068 - 27 May 2024

Viewed by 185

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the effects of ultrasonication and thermal treatments on the quality attributes of a lemon-based functional beverage. The beverage samples were subjected to different treatments and analyzed for physicochemical parameters and microbial load over a four-week refrigeration period. The [...] Read more.

This study aimed to compare the effects of ultrasonication and thermal treatments on the quality attributes of a lemon-based functional beverage. The beverage samples were subjected to different treatments and analyzed for physicochemical parameters and microbial load over a four-week refrigeration period. The thermal treatment involved exposing the beverage to a temperature of 70 °C for 10 min, resulting in a notable 30% increase in shelf life compared to the untreated samples. However, this thermal treatment led to a significant reduction in bioactive compounds, including a 15% decrease in polyphenols, a 20% decrease in flavonoids, and a 25% decline in ascorbic acid content. In contrast, sonication, performed at a temperature of 20 °C and a frequency of 37 kHz, effectively reduced the microbial load from 6.16 CFU/mL to 3.82 CFU/mL. The application of sonication also demonstrated a superior preservation of the nutritional properties and antioxidant content of the functional beverage compared to the thermal treatment. A storage analysis revealed that sonication maximized antioxidant levels when compared to thermal heating at a temperature of 4 °C. The findings of this study have significant implications for the food industry. Sonication emerged as a cost-effective and efficient alternative to thermal treatment for producing high-quality fruit beverages. Its ability to reduce microbial load while preserving nutritional properties makes it an attractive option for large-scale production. The integration of sonication into existing production processes is also feasible, as it requires minimal equipment and can be applied at ambient or controlled temperatures. In conclusion, this study highlights the advantages of using sonication as a non-thermal technique for enhancing the quality and safety of lemon-based functional beverages. The findings support the adoption of sonication in the food industry to meet the growing demand for functional and healthy beverages while maintaining the desired quality standards. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

129 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Municipal Solid Waste Biogas Production Enhancement Using a Hybrid Landfill Bioreactor: A Case Study

by Khanyisile Lepota, Kasturie Premlall and Major Mabuza

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105069 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 249

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the application of hybrid bioreactor technology for biogas production enhancement from a municipal solid waste organic fraction (OFMSW) [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

123 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Biodiesel Blends with Nanoparticles in Variable Compression Ratio Engines

by Murugapoopathi Saravanamuthu

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105070 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 227

Abstract

The day-to-day rise in fuel prices, stringent emission norms, and power requirements makes the research for alternative fuels essential [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

140 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

First-Principles Prediction of Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity in Cu-Doped ZnTiO₃ by Replacing Zinc and Titanium

by Sujeet Kumar Pandey and Amit Ranjan

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105071 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 227

Abstract

The most abundant, clean, renewable, and environmentally friendly energy source is sunlight [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

129 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Study of Structure and Electrochemical Properties of LaFeO₃ and La₂FeO₄ as Electrode Materials for Super-Capacitor Application

by Harish Verma, Pramod Kumar, Bhaskar Bhattacharya and Shail Upadhyay

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105072 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 292

Abstract

Perovskite oxides have introduced a new advancement in the field of energy storage technologies, because of their outstanding properties [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

126 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Process Monitoring and Control in Dermatological Diagnosis: A Deep Learning Approach Using Python, NumPy, Pandas, Keras, and TensorFlow

by Neelamadhab Padhy, T. Bhubaneswari, Sushree Sangita Das and Meetali Sinha

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105073 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 236

Abstract

This paper delves into integrating machine learning techniques into dermatological diagnostics, specifically focusing on identifying and evaluating skin diseases [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

126 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Innovations in Process Automation and Adaptive Control for Industry 4.0

by Ujban Hussain, Samiksha Sandeep Tammewar and Ishant Diwakar Dahake

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105074 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 235

Abstract

Introduction: Industry 4 [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

163 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Unlocking Bioethanol Production Potential: A Computational Exploration of Agri-Food Waste Valorization in Circular Bioeconomy Using Metagenomic Mining and Process Prediction Tools

by Radu Tamaian, Corina-Teodora Ciucure and Elisabeta-Irina Geană

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105075 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 275

Abstract

In the pursuit of a sustainable approach to agri-food waste valorization, this paper delves into the realm of computational techniques to enhance our understanding and harness the potential for bioethanol production in a circular bioeconomy [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

127 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Comprehensive Analysis of Maternal and Newborn Health: Factors, Risks, and Interventions

by Suman Kumar Sahu, Harsha Gupta, Anshuman Panigrahi, Subhasis Sankhua, Shahwez Ahmad and Neelamadhab Padhy

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105076 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 234

Abstract

Context: Pregnancy represents a critical period in a woman’s life, where her health significantly impacts the well-being of both herself and her newborn baby [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

124 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Educational Data Mining for Personalized Learning: A Sentiment Analysis and Process Control Perspective

by Sourav Sahu, Neelamadhab Padhy, Satyam Mohapatra, Amrutansu Patra, Anurag Kumar and Rajiv Kumar Choudhary

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105077 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 446

Abstract

Context: Educational data mining (EDM) is a growing field that utilizes machine learning, statistics, and data mining to analyze data from educational settings [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

126 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Recovery of Valuable Metals from Copper Tailings of the III and IV Regions of Chile, through Leaching Processes and the Use of Surfactants

by Jose Joaquin Hernandez Torres

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105078 - 27 May 2024

Viewed by 190

Abstract

Chile is the world leader in the production of copper [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

126 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Assessing Quality of Food Products Using Electronic Noses: A Systematic Review

by V. A. Binson and Sania Thomas

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105079 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 257

Abstract

In the global food industry, companies face various challenges, including the need for innovation to keep up with competition, expanding into new markets, and satisfying the ever-changing demands of consumers [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

169 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Development and Evaluation of a CO₂ Capture System Using Hollow Fiber Membranes for Industrial Emissions Applications

by Stephanie Arias-Lugo, Lucía Gómez-Coma, Guillermo Díaz-Sainz and Angel Irabien

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105080 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 224

Abstract

Membrane technology has emerged as a selective and efficient option for carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

126 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Multiple Disease Prediction Using Novel Artificial Intelligence Techniques

by Neelamadhab Padhy, Abhaya Kumar Behera, Punam Baral, Shreya Pattanaik, Pradeep Sagar Nayak and Rasmita Sahoo

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105081 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 233

Abstract

Context: In the healthcare sector, the integration of data mining and machine learning has become increasingly prevalent, offering promising avenues for disease prediction [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

150 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Degradation of Crude Oil by Microbial Populations of Lagos Lagoon Water Microcosms

by Olumide Omotosho

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105082 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 222

Abstract

Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution (PHP) poses a significant environmental threat and affects both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. This study focused on the isolation and screening of indigenous petroleum-degrading microorganisms from Mile 2 Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. This study aimed to investigate the biodegradability of crude [...] Read more.

Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution (PHP) poses a significant environmental threat and affects both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. This study focused on the isolation and screening of indigenous petroleum-degrading microorganisms from Mile 2 Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. This study aimed to investigate the biodegradability of crude oil and analyse the petroleum–hydrocarbon degradation characteristics of microbial consortia on a laboratory scale. Physicochemical analysis of the lagoon water revealed a neutral pH and high nitrate and phosphate concentrations, indicating minimal prior oil pollution. A continuous enrichment method was employed to cultivate microorganisms, using Ecravos light crude oil as the sole carbon and energy source. The enumeration of total heterotrophic microorganisms and hydrocarbon-utilising microorganisms, along with microbial characterisation, was conducted. This study identified three hydrocarbon-utilising bacteria (THUB-1-3) and two fungal strains (THUF-1-2) and demonstrated their ability to degrade crude oil. The growth profile of these isolates showed exponential growth, with the bacterial consortium achieving a maximum concentration of 9.9 × 10⁶ cfu/ml on day 28. Petroleum degradation kinetics showed that the microbial consortium degraded 93% of the crude oil over 42 days, with variations observed in different hydrocarbon fractions. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of indigenous microbial strains to mitigate the ecological impact of oil spills on aquatic environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

146 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Deletion of the PHO91 Gene Leads to Impaired Ability to Consume Methanol in Cells of the Methylotrophic Yeast Ogataea Parapolymorpha

by Vasilina Farofonova, Azamat Karginov, Michael Agaphonov and Tatiana Kulakovskaya

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105083 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 309

Abstract

The PHO91 and PHO87 are parts of yeast’s phosphate metabolism system. We investigated the influence of PHO91 deletion on the methanol utilization as a sole carbon source in Ogataea parapolymorpha through comparison of wet biomass, protein content, methanol oxidase (MOX) activity and acid-soluble [...] Read more.

The PHO91 and PHO87 are parts of yeast’s phosphate metabolism system. We investigated the influence of PHO91 deletion on the methanol utilization as a sole carbon source in Ogataea parapolymorpha through comparison of wet biomass, protein content, methanol oxidase (MOX) activity and acid-soluble and acid-insoluble inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) content, while growing on methanol and without any carbon source other than trace amounts from the yeast extract. The Δpho91 strain has a lack of wet biomass, protein content and MOX activity while grown on methanol (as a ΔMOX strain) and has the same numbers as a WT strain in media without methanol. We found two ways of recovering methanol utilizing capabilities for Δpho91 mutant—either adding MOX on plasmid under constitutive promoter control, or adding a Δpho87 mutation. Both Δpho91 + MOX and Δpho91Δpho87 strains showed all the parameters as a WT strain on methanol as a sole carbon source and without methanol addition. Further, we compare the polyP content of the strains in methanol media, media without a sole carbon source and media with glucose. All of the WT, Δpho91 + MOX and Δpho91Δpho87 strains, capable of utilizing methanol, have the P_i, acid-soluble and acid-insoluble polyP at the same levels with some variations. The ΔMOX and Δpho91 strains, despite both not being able to utilize methanol, showed very different levels of P_i and polyP’s, which can be interpreted as different mechanisms of the inner cell, leading to a loss of capability utilizing methanol in both of these strains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

128 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Some Characteristics of Actinomycetes Isolated from the Soil of the Belgorod Region

by Irina Alexandrovna Artemyeva, Elizaveta Dmitrievna Gubina, Nataliya Egorovna Suzina, Tatiana Nikolaevna Abashina, Valentina Nikolaevna Polivtseva and Inna Petrovna Solyanikova

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105084 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 205

Abstract

Microorganisms of various systematic groups, such as fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, represent an inexhaustible source of biologically active substances that can be used in various fields of human activity [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

155 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Employing Mechanochemistry in the Synthesis of N-Ibuprofen-Substituted 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolines

by Stanimir Manolov, Diyana Dimitrova, Iliyan Ivanov and Dimitar Bojilov

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105085 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 261

Abstract

Mechanochemistry has emerged as a potential alternative for organic transformations, leveraging substrate availability, stability, and reduced solvent use. Its high efficiency and eco-friendly profile have garnered significant attention, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, where it is hailed as the most promising environmentally friendly [...] Read more.

Mechanochemistry has emerged as a potential alternative for organic transformations, leveraging substrate availability, stability, and reduced solvent use. Its high efficiency and eco-friendly profile have garnered significant attention, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, where it is hailed as the most promising environmentally friendly method for organic synthesis. This approach harnesses mechanical energy to stimulate or accelerate chemical changes, offering a green and effective means to obtain organic molecules. We employed an innovative green and eco-friendly approach—mechanochemical, solvent-free, and heterogeneously catalyzed—to synthesize a series of new biofunctional hybrid molecules, specifically derivatives of biologically active 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids. Our method involves a mechanochemically driven intramolecular α-amidoalkylation reaction. To facilitate this reaction under acidic conditions, we successfully utilized polyphosphoric acid on silica as a heterogeneous catalyst. This approach enables the rapid and straightforward synthesis of novel compounds without the generation of byproducts or waste. All newly obtained bio-functional hybrid compounds were fully characterized via ¹H, ¹³C NMR, UV, and mass spectral data. In our quest for environmentally sustainable synthesis methods, we made a significant breakthrough by synthesizing a series of innovative N-ibuprofen-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines through solvent-free mechanosynthesis. These novel derivatives offer exciting prospects for studying their biological properties and investigating correlations between structure and activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

117 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Manta Ray Foraging Optimization for Parameter Estimation of Induction Motors

by Rabiaa Houili, Mohamed Yacine Hammoudi, Marah Bacha, Abir Betka and Abdennacer Titaouine

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105086 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 239

Abstract

Induction motors are extensively utilized across industries due to their robust efficiency, versatility, and cost-effectiveness, necessitating the precise parameter estimation of their equivalent circuit for effective operation and maintenance [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

175 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Use of Biomass Residues in MB Removal from the Aqueous Phase

by Inês Monginho Timóteo and Isabel Pestana da Paixão Cansado

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105087 - 27 May 2024

Viewed by 207

Abstract

Each day, abundant agricultural and agro-industrial wastes are generated to fulfil the growing population’s increasing demand for food Preliminary results concerning the valorization of biomass waste through its use for water treatment are presented in this work [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

125 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

BMLFTS: A Novel Approach to Process and Track of Food Quality Data Using Blockchain and Machine Learning

by Ajay B. Gadicha, Vijay B. Gadicha and Mayur S. Burange

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105088 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 203

Abstract

A relatively new piece of blockchain-based software called a food monitoring system seeks to aid in the fight against fraud [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

128 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Evaluation of the Effect of Nanoparticle Presence in Furnace Off-Gas on Heat and Mass Transfer in Extraction Ducting

by Johannes Conradie, Andrei Kolesnikov, Kasturie Premlall and Luther Els

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105089 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 304

Abstract

Ferromanganese smelters generate significant amounts of fumes containing saturated vapours of metals [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

139 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Extraction of Nd(III) by Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent BTMPPA/Phenol from Nitrate Solution

by Inna V. Zinov’eva, Yulia A. Zakhodyaeva and Andrey A. Voshkin

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105090 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 295

Abstract

Today, rare earth elements (REEs) are used in the production of high-tech products, including permanent magnet lasers, computer equipment, etc. The recycling of NdFeB magnets is a promising REE resource, as the amount of waste-spent magnets increases with increasing demand. Solvent extraction is [...] Read more.

Today, rare earth elements (REEs) are used in the production of high-tech products, including permanent magnet lasers, computer equipment, etc. The recycling of NdFeB magnets is a promising REE resource, as the amount of waste-spent magnets increases with increasing demand. Solvent extraction is an effective method in the hydrometallurgical processing of NdFeB magnets. Recently, researchers have been using alternative solvents in the development of new REE extraction processes. Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents are increasingly proposed as promising extractants for a wide range of organic and inorganic substances. The aim of the present work is to study the extraction of Nd(III) with a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent based on di(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (BTMPPA) and phenol. The HDES was prepared from a hydrogen bond acceptor (BTMPPA) and donor (phenol) in a molar ratio of 1:3. All extraction experiments were carried out at a temperature of 25 °C and an atmospheric pressure of ~100 kPa in graduated centrifuge tubes with a thermostatically controlled shaker. The present study aims to determine the distribution coefficients of Nd(III) in the extraction system using HDES BTMPPA/phenol. It was found that the distribution coefficient of Nd(III) is 0.43 with a ratio of aqueous phase and HES phase equal to 1:1. Changing the volume ratio of the phases will allow the metal to be concentrated in the HDES phase. In addition, the influence of the acidity of the aqueous phase was found in the pH range from 0 to 7. The results showed the possibility of increasing the distribution coefficient of Nd(III) up to 0.97 with increasing pH. Thus, the promising use of HDES BTMPPA/phenol in the extraction of neodymium from nitrate solution was shown. The obtained data can be used in the development of new effective hydrometallurgical processes of REE extraction from a leaching solution of spent magnetic materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

127 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

The Analytical Investigation of Electrocoagulation of Perfume Profiles for the Odor-Active Compounds

by Sorrawit Songsathitmetha, Isaya Thaveesangsakulthai and Chadin Kulsing

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105091 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 223

Abstract

In this research, a miniaturized electrocoagulation (EC) system has been employed for the treatment of odor-active compounds in 2 mL small-scale perfume extracts [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

127 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Advancements in Process Control and Monitoring for Enhanced Efficiency and Quality

by Ujban Hussain, Samiksha Sandeep Tammewar and Yashika Bhattad

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105092 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 261

Abstract

Introduction: Process control and monitoring are indispensable for ensuring efficiency and quality across diverse industrial applications [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

154 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Utilization of Raw and Treated Arundo donax L. Biosorbents for the Removal of Industrial Dye from Aqueous Solutions

by Fouzia Ouazani, Soufiane Guella, Yamina Chergui, Yassine Khalfi and Khedidja Benouis

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105093 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 229

Abstract

This study involved the preparation of treated Arundo donax L. biomasses by combining specific amounts of raw Arundo donax L. powder with predetermined volumes of phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), ammonia (NH₄OH), and acetone (C₃H₆O) [...] Read more.

This study involved the preparation of treated Arundo donax L. biomasses by combining specific amounts of raw Arundo donax L. powder with predetermined volumes of phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), ammonia (NH₄OH), and acetone (C₃H₆O) individually. These treated Arundo donax L. biomasses were employed for adsorbing Bemacid red dye. Various techniques, including SEM, RX, and FTIR analysis, were employed to characterize the treated Arundo donax L. The impact of contact time, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent amount on the adsorption of Bemacid red dye onto the various treated Arundo donax L. samples was investigated. The optimal conditions for adsorption were identified as a pH value of 2.0, an adsorbent amount of 25 mg, and a contact time of 40 min. Notably, the basic treated Arundo donax L. achieved an impressive dye removal efficiency of 98.91% under these optimal conditions. Additionally, the adsorption process was analyzed using isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic models. The Freundlich model provided the most accurate description of the removal of Bemacid red dye by the different treated Arundo donax L. samples. Meanwhile, the Elovich model and the second-order kinetic model offered reliable descriptions at concentrations of 10 and 20–30 mg/L, respectively. In conclusion, the adsorption of Bemacid red dye by treated Arundo donax L. was found to be feasible and occurred spontaneously. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

140 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Enhancement of the Structural and Optical Properties of Ce-Doped V₂O₅ for Optoelectronic Applications

by Assaad Elouafi, Sara Ezairi, Youssef El Azizi, Fatima Lmai and Abdeslam Tizliouine

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105094 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 230

Abstract

Among transition metal oxides (WO₃ and MoO₃), vanadium oxides have garnered significant attention for their outstanding properties and diverse applications across various fields [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

128 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Evaluation of Blackberry, Blueberry, and Goldenberry Extracts

by Saroj Kumar, Desh Deepak A. P. Singh Chauhan and Manisha Prasad

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105095 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 199

Abstract

This study investigates three widely used berry varieties—Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), Blueberry (Vaccinium sect [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

136 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Development of Electrocoagulation System of Fuel Using Supporting Medium for Identification of Volatile Compound Products

by Isaya Thaveesangsakulthai, Sorrawit Songsathitmetha, Nafisat Lawal and Chadin Kulsing

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105096 - 27 May 2024

Viewed by 169

Abstract

This study introduces an electrocoagulation (EC) approach with a supporting medium, developed for investigating the stability of a biodiesel in terms of biodegradability advantages under electrochemical treatment [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

125 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Production Process of Eco-Friendly Building Material Units: An Application of the Circular Economy Concept

by Muhammad Athar, Syeda Mahwish Zahra, Anum Aleha and Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105097 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 223

Abstract

The environmental impact of resource utilization has been identified as one of the most significant challenges facing society in the past few decades [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

124 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Circularity in the Supply Chain

by Monika K. Vyas and Gunjan Yadav

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105098 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 260

Abstract

The global economy is pivotal to its supply chains [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

145 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

A Solution to Reduce the Carbon Footprint: Mineralization and Utilization of CO₂ in Recycled Construction Aggregates

by Shuying Cheng, Suming Ye, Wayne Goh and Jie Bu

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105099 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 239

Abstract

This study introduces an innovative strategy to mitigate global carbon emissions by integrating carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorption and sequestration through the carbonation of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). This approach not only promotes the recycling of concrete waste but also alleviates the [...] Read more.

This study introduces an innovative strategy to mitigate global carbon emissions by integrating carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorption and sequestration through the carbonation of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). This approach not only promotes the recycling of concrete waste but also alleviates the demand for new natural resources, addressing both environmental impact and geographical challenges associated with mining. The integrated process utilizes ammonia to capture flue gas emissions from natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plants, employing the captured solution to carbonate RCA for effective CO₂ sequestration and to enhance the quality of RCA. The study comprehensively assesses the process’s viability, considering capture performance, energy penalty, compliance with ammonia emissions standards, and capital costs. A techno-economic analysis (TEA) highlights the potential and economic feasibility of the proposed approach. Bench-scale experiments, conducted at low CO₂ concentrations (3~5%), focused on optimizing the carbonation process. The concentration of carbonated ammonia solution and its ratio to RCA were investigated to enhance the yield of carbonated RCA, resulting in an approximate 10% CO₂ capacity when using a 5% carbonated ammonia solution with a 0.25 ratio. The design of a large-scale plant, with an annual carbonated RCA production capacity of around 150 ktonnes, was formulated, and TEA calculations using Aspen Plus® V14 indicated a cost of approximately SGD 13 per tonne of carbonated product. These findings underscore the promising potential of the proposed process in efficiently reducing carbon emissions while providing economic viability at a larger scale. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

133 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Enhancing Carbon Capture Efficiency in Chemical Looping Combustion Using Fe₂O₃ and Mn₂O₃ Oxygen Carriers: Insights from ASPEN Plus Modeling

by Savan Saradva and Dhrumil Gandhi

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105100 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 250

Abstract

This study investigates the carbon capture efficiency of a Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) process employing Fe₂O₃ and Mn₂O₃ as oxygen carriers, modeled within the ASPEN Plus simulation platform [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

127 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Advancements in Real-Time Monitoring and Control for Enhanced Process Efficiency

by Ujban Hussain, Samiksha Sandeep Tammewar and Harsh Pathrabe

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105101 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 193

Abstract

Introduction: Real-time monitoring and control are critical components of modern industrial processes, enabling operators to optimize production efficiency, ensure product quality, and minimize operational costs [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

144 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Mechanical Performance of Bio-Based Modification of Asphalt Concrete Mix: A Study for Eco-Friendly Sustainable Development in Developing Countries

by Zain Hussain, Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah, Sakhawat Ali, Muhammad Ali Yousaf and Ali Salman

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105102 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 212

Abstract

Bio-based modification of bitumen can be used to replace the stiffening effect of asphalt pavement. It can help to improve the efficiency of the asphalt projects for sustainable development. The eco-friendly utilization of waste materials also helps in the maintenance of a desirable, [...] Read more.

Bio-based modification of bitumen can be used to replace the stiffening effect of asphalt pavement. It can help to improve the efficiency of the asphalt projects for sustainable development. The eco-friendly utilization of waste materials also helps in the maintenance of a desirable, clean environment. In this study, different percentages of bio-based waste cooking oil (WCO) have been used for the modification of bitumen. Asphalt concrete mix can help to develop a sustainable infrastructure using waste materials. Marshal stability analysis methodology was used to analyse the performance of modified asphalt concrete mixtures. The various characteristics of the modified asphalt mixtures were analysed to determine the performance of modified asphalt. The results of the study revealed that the recycling process of waste bio-based oil maintained the performance of the asphalt mixtures compared to the control ones. Marshal Stability Analysis showed that stability value, with the modification of 2% WCO in Bitumen, increased from 29.363 to 31.855 but even at 6% the modification value remained within an acceptable limit. Flow values also remained within the range, i.e., (2–4). Overall, strength and performance evaluation showed a successful production of asphalt concrete mix using proposed waste materials at a local level. This study will aid in the eco-friendly sustainable development of road infrastructures and sustainable cities in developing countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

126 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Flexing the Energy per Day of Electric Vehicles in Northern Ireland

by Oluwasola O. Ademulegun and Neil J. Hewitt

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105103 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 212

Abstract

Electric Vehicle (EV) charging will add to the demand for electricity in Northern Ireland (NI) and will prompt upgrades at points on the electricity grid [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

145 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Optimizing Amino Acid Derivatization in Food Matrices

by Francisca Santos, Valentina Domingues, Cristina Soares and Cristina Delerue-Matos

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105104 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 247

Abstract

Amino acids are the fundamental units that proteins are composed of [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

128 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

An Intelligent Diagnosis and Fault Detection Model Based on Fuzzy Logic for Photovoltaic Panels

by Marah Bacha, Amel Terki and Rabiaa Houili

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105105 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 228

Abstract

The growing significance of photovoltaic (PV) monitoring systems and diagnostic methodologies is evident in their role in enhancing the power generation, efficiency, and durability of photovoltaic systems. The operational efficacy of these systems is primarily influenced by factors such as irradiation levels and [...] Read more.

The growing significance of photovoltaic (PV) monitoring systems and diagnostic methodologies is evident in their role in enhancing the power generation, efficiency, and durability of photovoltaic systems. The operational efficacy of these systems is primarily influenced by factors such as irradiation levels and cell temperature. Consequently, there exists a pressing need for dedicated scrutiny and scholarly investigation into the identification and diagnosis of defects within these systems, aiming for swift identification and rectification of failures in PV stations. This paper thus endeavors to introduce a diagnostic methodology focused on fault detection and categorization of eight types of faults occurring in shading, series resistance, shunt resistance, and bypass diode faults (disconnected, short circuited, shunted with resistor) within photovoltaic panels. This analysis employs two distinct algorithms: the initial algorithm employs the thresholding method, while the second algorithm is grounded in a Fuzzy Logic classifier (Sugeno model). Upon examination of the simulation outcomes, it becomes evident that the threshold method fails to identify all faults, necessitating the adoption of a more effective classification technique. Moreover, the Fuzzy Logic (FL) method has proven to be the most suitable approach for diagnosing PV module issues. The findings indicate that all specified faults are detectable in a discernible manner. These approaches have demonstrated proficient accuracy and efficacy in pinpointing and characterizing various faults within PV panels. Notably, our simulation endeavors were conducted utilizing Simulink/Matlab software (R2014a). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

144 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Impact of Nitrogen Levels on the Growth and Yield of Super Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

by Vijai Kumar, Suneel Kumar, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro, Mahmooda Buriro, Bakhat-un-Nisa Mangan, Prem Kumar and Mahaveer Singh

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105106 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 213

Abstract

The impact of nitrogen levels on the growth and yield of super basmati rice (Oryza sativa L [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

124 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Agro-Industrial Residues from Sugar Cane for Energy Use and Application in Energy Storage Devices

by Arthur Pimentel and Leonardo Paim

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105107 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 194

Abstract

Obtaining new materials from waste plays an important role in contributing to sustainability and innovation and reducing the environmental impact of industrial activities, thus contributing to the circular economy of the main production process that gives rise to that waste [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

128 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Enhancing Photodegradation of Congo Red Dye under Visible Light Irradiation via ZnO Photocatalyst: Process Optimization using Response Surface Methodology

by Sabrina Oulad Brahim, Khedidja Benouis, Marwa Lamise Hamel and Anes Ghazi

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105108 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 225

Abstract

The Red Congo (RC) dye, widely employed across various industrial sectors such as textiles, food, and pharmaceuticals, owes its popularity to its deep red hue [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

128 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

NVPE: An FPGA-Based Non-Volatile Processor Emulator for Intermittent Computing

by Idris Somoye and Kevin Yang

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105109 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 213

Abstract

Research on novel memory storage devices that occupy less physical area and are compatible with CMOS processes, such as resistive RAM, has led to the interesting study of non-volatile compute memories and devices. The advent of these low-compromise non-volatile cells invites the opportunity [...] Read more.

Research on novel memory storage devices that occupy less physical area and are compatible with CMOS processes, such as resistive RAM, has led to the interesting study of non-volatile compute memories and devices. The advent of these low-compromise non-volatile cells invites the opportunity for fully non-volatile microprocessors that are capable of rapid shutdown and startup. This class of microprocessors would be beneficial to intermittent computing systems applications that wait until an energy-harvesting device has sufficient energy available before they do some useful work due to requiring less energy to power down safely. Prior work has demonstrated the emulation of these non-volatile memories that enable the rapid testing of non-volatile memory systems. In this work, we expand on these ideas by introducing a framework that is capable of emulating fully functional non-volatile microprocessors based on individual non-volatile flip-flops, rather than larger addressable non-volatile memory blocks. Our proposed system enables the conversion and emulation of conventional systems into non-volatile equivalents. The proposed architecture is integrated into the open-source RISC-V microprocessor implementation ‘Potato’ and synthesized on a Xilinx Ultrascale+ XCZU5EV FPGA. The area overhead for the proposed emulator is 22 slice registers and 17 LUTs per emulated non-volatile flip-flop. As a case study, an AES block cipher is executed throughout power-down and power-up sequences. The system is shown to properly emulate the complex overhead operations resulting from sensitive power-down and power-up sequences in power-intermittent systems, providing a vital metric for the non-volatile microprocessor’s fidelity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

138 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Linum usitatissimzum L. Seeds as a Natural Coagulant for the Removal of Colloidal Matter from Urban Wastewater: Process Optimization Using the Box–Behnken Response Surface Methodology

by Anes Ghazi, Khedidja Benouis, Soufiane Guella, Sid Ahmed El Khalil Ahed Messaoud and Fouzia Ouazani

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105110 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 219

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of Linum usitatissimum L [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

144 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Empirical Modeling of the Carbonylation of Acetylene for the Synthesis of Succinic Anhydride Using Gas Ratio (CO/C₂H₂)

by Collins Ubaka Mordi, Ipeghan Jonathan Otaraku and Ishioma Laurene Egun

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105111 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 197

Abstract

Succinic anhydride, a crucial chemical intermediate, finds widespread applications in pharmaceuticals, polymers, and agrochemicals. The carbonylation of acetylene presents a promising route for succinic anhydride synthesis, offering environmental advantages and process efficiency. This study focuses on the empirical modeling of the carbonylation process [...] Read more.

Succinic anhydride, a crucial chemical intermediate, finds widespread applications in pharmaceuticals, polymers, and agrochemicals. The carbonylation of acetylene presents a promising route for succinic anhydride synthesis, offering environmental advantages and process efficiency. This study focuses on the empirical modeling of the carbonylation process to optimize the gas ratio of carbon monoxide (CO) to acetylene (C₂H₂), a critical parameter influencing product yield. Regression Analysis was applied to experimental data to develop a predictive model that can be used to predict the yield of succinic anhydride based on the ratio of carbon monoxide (CO) to acetylene (C₂H₂). The linearity connection between the analytical variables was determined by plotting the (CO:C₂H₂) ratio (independent variable) and the yield of the process (dependent variable) against each other. However, the plot’s curvilinear form suggested polynomial regression, showing that the connection was not linear. The R² values were 0.9219, 0.9563, and 0.9874 for the data in quadratic, cubic, and quartic models. These findings with statistical tests showed that the quartic model is the best empirical model for explaining the observed data variance (by a margin of 98.74%). The verification of experimental data to validate model acceptability showed an error of less than 0.05. Thus, using this model and changing the ratio of (CO:C₂H₂) from 1.1 to 4.0, the yield of succinic anhydride increased. The insights of this study would contribute to the advancement of sustainable and efficient chemical processes with potential applications in various industries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

143 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Batch Mode Adsorption of a Cationic Dye on a Biomass Waste: Modeling and Optimization of Operating Conditions Using Experimental Design

by Assia Bensedjad, Fouzia Ouazani, Meriem Bouanani and Khedidja Benouis

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105112 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 218

Abstract

The treatment of wastewater generated by industries is challenging due to various xenobiotic and dangerous pollutants, notably multi-category carcinogenic dyes [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

145 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Characterisation of Oil Palm Trunks for Potential Bioenergy Recovery and Utilization

by Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma, Mohammed Sani Isyaka, Mary Gojeh, Victor O. Otitolaiye, Olagoke Oladokun, Grace S. Torkura, Zainab Toyin Jagun and Bem Asen

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105113 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 250

Abstract

The cultivation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jaq.) and its production generate large quantities of solid wastes annually. Current strategies adopted for tackling oil palm trunks (OPTs), which account for a significant proportion of oil palm waste (OPW), are considered expensive, inefficient, [...] Read more.

The cultivation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jaq.) and its production generate large quantities of solid wastes annually. Current strategies adopted for tackling oil palm trunks (OPTs), which account for a significant proportion of oil palm waste (OPW), are considered expensive, inefficient, and unsustainable. Analysts posit this scenario could exacerbate efforts to not only effectively dispose and manage OPT but also lower the carbon footprint of the Oleo industry. Hence, immediate and urgent attention is needed to address the challenges posed by current strategies. Biomass torrefaction has recently gained traction as a practical approach for OPW valorisation into biochar. Therefore, this study seeks to (i) characterise the physicochemical characteristics of OPT through ultimate, proximate, and calorific analyses and (ii) examine the thermochemical, degradation, and temperature profile characteristics of OPT as potential torrefaction feedstock using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA was performed at torrefaction temperatures; T_t = 200–300 °C (Δ25 °C stepwise increase) under isothermal/non-isothermal conditions of nitrogen (N₂) flowrate 100 mL/min), heating rate 20 °C/min, and 30-min residence time. The results showed that OPT contains high carbon (>45 wt.%), hydrogen (>6 wt.%), volatile matter (>80 wt.%) but low ash (2 wt.%), fixed carbon (5 wt.%), and moisture (10 wt.%) contents. OPT experienced 14.55–60.82 wt.% weight loss during TGA degradation from 200 to 300 °C. The increase in temperature resulted in a corresponding rise in OPT biochar yields ranging from 85.45 to 39.18 wt.% and higher heating values of 20–23 MJ/kg. The DTG plots showed that the TGA torrefaction process occurred in two stages, (i) 100 °C and (ii) >100 to the selected T_t, which could be ascribed to the drying and devolatilization/depolymerisation of OPT, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrated that OPT is a potentially practical feedstock for torrefaction into biochar. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

151 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Enhancing Trench Stability: A Geogrid Reinforcement Approach

by Sonia Rostami, Ramin Vafaei Poursorkhabi and Alireza Naseri

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105114 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 236

Abstract

This paper investigates trench stabilization using geogrid reinforcement, employing static analysis via the finite element numerical method through PLAXIS 2D. Focusing on the challenges associated with soil instability in construction projects, particularly earthen roofs and rocky formations, this study emphasizes the potential for [...] Read more.

This paper investigates trench stabilization using geogrid reinforcement, employing static analysis via the finite element numerical method through PLAXIS 2D. Focusing on the challenges associated with soil instability in construction projects, particularly earthen roofs and rocky formations, this study emphasizes the potential for structural compromise and fragmentation due to erosion and weathering. Geogrid polymer networks, strategically integrated with soil and stone, emerge as a preventive measure against such disasters. Notable advancements in geogrid-related research are surveyed, establishing the context for this study. The methodology encompasses a simulated trench environment, systematically reinforced with a geogrid in 10 layers, within an 8 × 35-m earthen area. The properties of soil materials and geogrid specifications are detailed, while standard boundary conditions emulate real-world scenarios. Fine meshing ensures result accuracy, and trench width reduction analysis reveals a crucial correlation between diminished dimensions, augmented displacement, and a decreased safety factor. The results highlight a heightened instability within the trench as it undergoes dimensional changes. The decrease in trench length directly correlates with a reduction in the safety factor, underscoring the risk of compromised structural integrity. Reducing the length of the trench from 15 m to 14 m is associated with an approximate 1% increase in displacement, concurrently accompanied by a 9% decrease in volume. This insight emphasizes the need for meticulous trench dimension considerations in construction practices. The findings contribute to the geotechnical engineering field, prompting a re-evaluation of design methodologies and offering empirical evidence for the development of robust guidelines in trenching projects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

127 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Optimization of Methylene Blue Photodegradation Using Copper (II) Oxide Photocatalyst under Visible Light: A Response Surface Methodology Approach

by Marwa Lamise Hamel, Kumar Djamel Belaid, Khedidja Benouis, Sabrina Oulad Brahim and Anes Ghazi

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105115 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 221

Abstract

Methylene blue (MB) serves as a widely employed dye within both industrial sectors and laboratory settings [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

152 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Biochar-Based Filter for Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange Adsorption

by Ghenwa Kataya, May Issa, Akram Hijazi and Mikhael Bechelany

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105116 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 256

Abstract

Water, being essential for life, necessitates urgent protective measures, particularly in treating existing polluted water to safeguard public health and ecosystems [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

136 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Orange Peels Using Response Surface Methodology

by Sid Ahmed El Khalil Ahed Messaoud, Khedidja Benouis, Soufiane Guella, Anes Ghazi and Fouzia Ouazani

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105117 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 261

Abstract

Orange peels, often deemed as waste, are in fact a natural reservoir of polyphenols, which are phytochemicals with antioxidant properties beneficial to health [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

126 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Exploratory Data Analysis of the Monkeypox Virus Using Machine Learning

by Kiran Dhanaji Kale, Pranav More and Prabhdeep Singh

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105118 - 27 May 2024

Viewed by 218

Abstract

The paper proposes the exploratory data analysis (EDA) of Monkeypox disease using machine learning approaches. Infection with the Monkeypox virus causes the uncommon illness of Monkeypox. The Monkeypox virus is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also includes the variola, vaccinia, and [...] Read more.

The paper proposes the exploratory data analysis (EDA) of Monkeypox disease using machine learning approaches. Infection with the Monkeypox virus causes the uncommon illness of Monkeypox. The Monkeypox virus is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also includes the variola, vaccinia, and cowpox viruses that cause smallpox. To get the most out of the Monkeypox data, there is a need to perform some type of exploratory data analysis (EDA). This is a kind of data analysis that uses visual approaches to examine the data. Statistical summaries and graphical representations are used to detect trends and patterns, or to verify assumptions. In this paper, an exploratory data analysis of Monkeypox cases is performed using machine learning. Firstly, we find the top 10 countries based on confirmed cases, suspected cases, and hospitalized cases. Then, we find the cases with a travel history, cases without a travel history, confirmed Monkeypox cases across the globe, and suspected Monkepox cases across the globe. This will be very helpful for researchers working on machine learning and seeking patterns for Monkeypox to easily predict Monkeypox cases in their country. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

153 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Biochar Valorization from Oregano and Citronella Residues: Impacts on Radish Growth and Methyl Orange Dye Removal

by Marwa Rammal, Chaden Haidar, Ghenwa Kataya, Akram Hijazi, Lara Yazbek, Khodor Haidar and Mohammad H. El-Dakdouki

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105119 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 202

Abstract

In recent years, the rapidly growing essential oil industry has generated residues that, if improperly managed, can harm ecosystems by contaminating soil and water [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

116 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Elevating Sustainability in Design: Advancing State-of-the-Art Food Drying Methods to Optimize Efficiency, Preserve Nutritional Value, and Minimize Waste in Contemporary Food Production

by Nnadikwe Johnson and Iheme Chigozie

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105120 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 180

Abstract

Drying foods is pivotal in food production, fostering ingredient exploration and product innovation [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

128 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Optimizing Carbon Capture Efficiency in Coal-Fired Power Plant Using Pinch Assessment Techniques for Clean and Sustainable Energy Production

by Nnadikwe Johnson, Iheme Chigozie and Onuoha Fidelis Wopara

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105121 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 197

Abstract

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies play a critical role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power plants, which is essential for achieving global climate goals [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

158 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Recent Developments in the Removal of Heavy Metals from Water and Wastewater

by Ana Olivia S. Jorge, Franklin Chamorro, Maria Carpena, Paula Barciela, Ana Perez-Vazquez, Maria Beatriz P. P. Oliveira and Miguel A. Prieto

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105122 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 451

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination in water sources is a pressing global issue, necessitating continuous advancements in removal technologies [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

148 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Growth Properties of Pseudomonas putida in the Presence of Some Heavy Metal Salts

by Viktoria Efimova, Nikita Lyakhovchenko, Sophia Akhapkina, Aleksandr Seleznev and Inna Solyanikova

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105123 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 215

Abstract

One of the serious environmental consequences of industrialization is the contamination of soil with heavy metals (HMs), as many of them, such as lead, cadmium and mercury, are hazardous to living organisms [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

128 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Extraction of the Optimal Parameters of Single-Diode Photovoltaic Cells Using the Earthworm Optimization Algorithm

by Fatima Wardi, Mohamed Louzazni and Mohamed Hanine

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105124 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 230

Abstract

This study introduces a novel method for assessing and deriving the electrical properties of simple diode model solar cells through the utilization of the Earthworm Optimization Algorithm (EOA). Earthworms learn how to avoid barriers and maximize their search in their pursuit of nourishment. [...] Read more.

This study introduces a novel method for assessing and deriving the electrical properties of simple diode model solar cells through the utilization of the Earthworm Optimization Algorithm (EOA). Earthworms learn how to avoid barriers and maximize their search in their pursuit of nourishment. In a similar vein, the algorithm imitates this capability by avoiding the problem of concentrating on a local solution. The communication channels between members of the virtual swarm are essential to the optimization process carried out by the earthworm swarm. Through information sharing regarding prospective solutions, these exchanges help to steadily improve the solutions that are eventually accepted by the entire swarm. The virtual cooperation of the “earthworms” increases the effectiveness of solution space exploration and ultimately results in the identification of the mathematical model’s ideal parameters. Furthermore, the outcomes obtained via the EOA are contrasted with those derived from other algorithms, namely gray wolf optimizer (GWO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA), sine cosine algorithm (SCA), moth–flame optimization (MFO), ant lion optimizer (ALO), and multiverse optimizer (MVO). Statistical assessments are employed to verify the accuracy of the derived parameters, demonstrating that the theoretical outcomes closely align with experimental data, showcasing superior precision compared to other algorithms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

136 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Modelling and Simulation of the Pyrolysis Distillate Recycling Process

by Komil Usmanov, Jaloliddin Eshbobaev and Noilakhon Yakubova

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105125 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 220

Abstract

The global chemical sector has seen substantial changes in recent years. In particular, gas processing and fractionation remain one of the most important parts of the industry. Recycling waste products from gas processing is one of today’s urgent problems. In this regard, the [...] Read more.

The global chemical sector has seen substantial changes in recent years. In particular, gas processing and fractionation remain one of the most important parts of the industry. Recycling waste products from gas processing is one of today’s urgent problems. In this regard, the development of new, import-substituting chemical products based on the processing of hydrocarbon raw materials is of particular importance. Pyrolysis distillate and pyrolysis oil are secondary raw materials for the production of naphthalene and aromatics. Hydrocarbons, indene, phthalic anhydride, and other valuable chemical products are necessary for industry. Therefore, research aimed at improving the complex technology of the waste processing of gas–chemical complexes is an urgent task and requires an optimal solution. In this paper, the model of the pyrolysis process is simulated in the Aspen Plus modelling package. The developed model was also used to study the effect of temperature on the pyrolysis process and showed that there is an optimal temperature for chain fractions. To evaluate the technical efficiency of the process, the Aspen Plus simulation model was developed, and the model made it possible to accurately predict the mass shares of the hydrocarbon product. The analysis of the calculated data shows that as the pressure in the technological process is increased from 0.1 to 3.0 MPa, the vapor density of pyrolysis distillate increases up to 30 times. When the temperature rises to 350 °C, the density of distillate vapor decreases by an average of 1.51 times. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

140 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Direct Flux-Vector Control of Stand-Alone DFIG-Based Wind Energy Conversion System

by Fella Boucetta, Mohamed Toufik Benchouia, Mohamed Becherif and Mohamed Chebani

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105126 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 225

Abstract

This article presents direct flux-vector control (DFC), a new control strategy based on direct torque control (DTC), for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by wind, feeding AC loads without grid access [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

143 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Adsorption, Optimization, and Kinetic Modeling of Methyl Red Removal from Textile-Polluted Water Using Brewery Waste as an Adsorbent

by Meriem Bouanani, Fouzia Ouazani, Khedidja Benouis and Assia Bensedjad

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105127 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 195

Abstract

Environmental pollution, driven largely by industrial emissions, especially from the textile sector, is a pressing concern today [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

152 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Stability Assessment of Resveratrol Tablets Stored under Stress Conditions via Directional-Hemispherical Reflectance

by Beata Szulc-Musioł and Beata Sarecka-Hujar

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105128 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 206

Abstract

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol found in many vegetables and fruits [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

171 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Using Activated Carbon Adsorbents Obtained from Plastic Wastes from the Tunisian Beverage Industry

by Asma Nouira, Imene Bekri Abbes, Isabel Pestana Paixão Cansado, Paulo Mira Mourão and José Eduardo Castanheiro

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105129 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 216

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the preparation of char and activated carbon (ACs) materials derived from water bottle waste collected from waste collection point in Tunis. The materials were synthesized using a rotary horizontal furnace on a lab/pilot scale and through chemical activation. [...] Read more.

In this study, we investigated the preparation of char and activated carbon (ACs) materials derived from water bottle waste collected from waste collection point in Tunis. The materials were synthesized using a rotary horizontal furnace on a lab/pilot scale and through chemical activation. Characterization of the carbon materials was performed using nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77K and SEM-EDX analysis. Furthermore, we examined the effectiveness of the ACs in removing the antibiotics 4-amino-N-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide (sulfamethoxazole-C₁₀H₁₁N₃O₃S) and 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (trimethoprim) from aqueous solutions. The results revealed a maximum adsorption capacity of 108.17 mg g⁻¹ (85.34%) for sulfamethoxazole and 98.11 mg g⁻¹ (89.73%) for trimethoprim on the PET-KOH-1:1-800 °C sample. Additionally, we analyzed the adsorption kinetics, fitting the data to pseudo-first and -second-order models, and studied the equilibrium isotherms using the Langmuir and Freundlich equation models. These findings suggest significant potential for the application of ACs derived from plastic bottle waste in the treatment of wastewater containing antibiotics. Overall, our study highlights the feasibility of utilizing waste materials for the synthesis of valuable carbon-based adsorbents with promising adsorption capabilities. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts towards sustainable waste management and environmental remediation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

117 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Bio-Impedance Analysis of Human Upper Limbs Based on Transient Simulation Using the Finite Element Method

by Enver Salkim and Tayfun Abut

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105130 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 206

Abstract

Introduction: Upper-limb loss results in significant functional impairment and a reduced quality of life. A human–machine interface (HMI) using surface electromyography (sEMG) establishes a link between the user and a hand prosthesis to recognize hand gestures and motions. Bio-impedance analysis (BIA) is a [...] Read more.

Introduction: Upper-limb loss results in significant functional impairment and a reduced quality of life. A human–machine interface (HMI) using surface electromyography (sEMG) establishes a link between the user and a hand prosthesis to recognize hand gestures and motions. Bio-impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive way of assessing body composition and is adapted for hand motion interpretation with promising results. However, an optimized BIA recording strategy has not yet been achieved due to various parameters (e.g., the large scale of the neuromodulator settings and variations in the tissue dielectric properties). This paper investigates the impact of the dielectric properties of the tissue layers on the bio-impedance variation based on different simulation frequency spectra using the transient modeling method. The model can provide helpful insight into the effect of dielectric properties on the impedance variation of the upper limbs, which is otherwise challenging to investigate in practical studies. Method: The 3D realistic human upper arm model was developed based on the image data set. The dielectric properties of each tissue layer were attained based on each frequency level and the time-based current pulse was applied. The electrical potential variation for each frequency level was recorded to calculate impedance variation based on the applied current level. The unseen current distribution across the upper arm’s fat, muscle, and bone layers under the skin was also simulated to aid in selecting the most responsive area for BIA towards an optimal simulation frequency level. The results were obtained based on 10 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz, 500 kHz, and 1 MHz levels. Results: The results show that the frequency-based dielectric properties of the tissue layer have a significant impact on impedance variation. Conclusion: In this study, a 3D bio-computational model of the human arm was developed to investigate the impact of dielectric properties on impedance. The results of the study may provide helpful insight into an optimized BIA recording strategy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

130 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Microplastics and Their Impact on Moss Ecosystem Functions: A Comprehensive Review

by Prosper Onochie and Elohor-Oghene Amarie

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105131 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 205

Abstract

Microplastic pollution has become a global environmental concern due to its pervasive presence in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

162 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Development of Composite Electrodes for Efficient Generation of Green Hydrogen through Photovoltaic Energy

by Isadora Dos Santos Pires Soares, Leandro Ferreira-Pinto, Renivaldo José dos Santos and Leonardo Lataro Paim

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105132 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 291

Abstract

Hybrid systems for hydrogen production via photovoltaic electrolysis (PVEL) are recognized as environmentally clean but economically impractical [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

114 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

A Review of Hydroponic Systems for Medicinal Herb Cultivation: Practices and Prospects

by Elohor-Oghene Amarie and Prosper Onochie

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105133 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 270

Abstract

This literature review extensively explores the promising application of hydroponics in cultivating endangered medicinal plants, with a particular emphasis on the renowned Rhodiola rosea [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

140 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Microplastic Pollution in Leuciscus baicalensis and Rutilus rutilus: An Impending Danger to Aquatic Biodiversity in Western Siberian Riverine Fishes

by Elohor-Oghene Amarie and Prosper Onochie

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105134 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 209

Abstract

Microplastic pollution is increasingly recognized as a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health, prompting growing concern among environmental scientists [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

136 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Mixtures of Sodium Iso-Butyl Xanthate and Sodium Di-Ethyl Dithiophosphate on the Flotation of a Cu-Ni-PGM Ore in Ca(NO₃)₂ and NaNO₃

by Malibongwe S. Manono, Katlego M. Matibidi and Iyiola O. Otunniyi

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105135 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 192

Abstract

The use of mixtures of thiol collectors has been reported to benefit the flotation of Cu-Ni-PGM ores. However, the increasing reliance on recycled water in mineral processing may alter the performance of flotation reagents. This necessitates a deeper understanding of flotation reagents into [...] Read more.

The use of mixtures of thiol collectors has been reported to benefit the flotation of Cu-Ni-PGM ores. However, the increasing reliance on recycled water in mineral processing may alter the performance of flotation reagents. This necessitates a deeper understanding of flotation reagents into their behaviour in different components or constituents of process water. This is crucial for better decision-making when determining the quality of process water that optimises reagent performance for specific ores. Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ are common cations in process water and are known to exert various effects in both the pulp and froth phases, making them frequent subjects of recent investigations into water quality. In contrast, NO₃⁻ anions have received less research attention compared to other common ions in process water, such as Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, and S₂O₃²⁻, despite being present in significant concentrations. NO₃⁻ ions are understood to originate from blasting chemicals used during mining, leaching into solution during milling, and thus can be considered key players in the interactions occurring in the pulp phase. Their interactions in the pulp phase and their role in flotation are therefore important to consider. This work presents results from bench-scale batch flotation tests conducted on a Cu-Ni-PGM ore from the Merensky Reef, using mixtures of thiol collectors, namely sodium isobutyl xanthate and sodium diethyl dithiophosphate, in solutions containing Ca(NO₃)₂ and NaNO₃. NaNO₃ solutions showed higher solids recoveries for all thiol collector mixtures compared to Ca(NO₃)₂ solutions, this was attributed to increased gangue entrainment in Na⁺ compared to Ca²⁺. Higher Cu and Ni recoveries were observed in NaNO₃ solutions across all thiol collector mixtures; however, higher Cu and Ni grades were achieved in Ca(NO₃)₂ solutions compared to NaNO₃. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

128 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Residual Dewatering Aids in Process Water on the Depressant Adsorption and Zeta Potential of Labradorite

by Malibongwe S. Manono, Lisa L. October, Resoketswe M. Manenzhe and Kirsten C. Corin

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105136 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 178

Abstract

The separation of sulfide minerals from non-sulfide gangue minerals using froth flotation necessitates the utilisation of thickeners and filters to dewater concentrates and tailings [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

126 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Custom-Made Sorbent-Based Sensors for Subsurface Microseepage of Volatile Organic Markers of Oil and Gas Fields

by Vera Solovyeva, Maxim Orlov, Ibrahim Atwah and Mohammed Abu Alreesh

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105137 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 179

Abstract

The geochemical exploration of oil and gas fields offers a cost-efficient approach to reservoir prospecting through the remote and subsurface detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are markers of underlying fossil fuel deposits [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

133 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Optimization of Caffeine Extraction from Various Tea Types Using Dichloromethane as an Organic Solvent

by Mariam Mir Memon and Muhammad Idress

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105138 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 372

Abstract

Caffeine, as 1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione, represents a naturally occurring alkaloid within the methyl xanthine family [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

147 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Direct Comparison of Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) and Natural Powder in Urban Waste Water Treatment

by Mohamad Al Ajami, Zaher Abdel Baki, Amer Noaman, Jana Rammal, Salma Maana and Akram Hijazi

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105139 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 212

Abstract

Today’s environmental issues related to wastewater are being tackled by growing public concern and tighter international regulation. Pollutant removal from wastewater is still a very challenging task. The removal of heavy metals from industrial and agricultural wastewater is a complex environmental issue due [...] Read more.

Today’s environmental issues related to wastewater are being tackled by growing public concern and tighter international regulation. Pollutant removal from wastewater is still a very challenging task. The removal of heavy metals from industrial and agricultural wastewater is a complex environmental issue due to its potential health hazards. There are different methods used for wastewater treatment. However, these technologies are either frequently ineffective or generate secondary metabolites. Adsorption, a physicochemical method, has proven effective in eliminating low-concentration inorganic pollutants. Powdered activated carbon and natural powders have emerged as potential solutions in urban wastewater treatment. This study provides an overview of their applications and effectiveness in removing contaminants from wastewater, thereby improving the overall treatment efficiency and water quality. For this purpose, experiments have been performed using three types of powders: Saccharum officinarum powder and its powdered activated carbon as an adsorbent, and Luffa aegyptiaca Luffa aegyptiaca powder. This study focused on the adsorption treatment of natural powders influenced by different parameters (pH, infrared spectroscopy, contact time, concentration, mass and particle size) during laboratory experiments. By maintaining a few parameters and using natural powders without carbonization or prior activation, this study demonstrated that powdered activated carbon remains more effective and shows better results than natural powders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

129 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Leaching Kinetics of Ironmaking Blast Furnace Slag as a Source of Calcium for CO₂ Sequestration

by Makhitha Masipa, Itumeleng Kohitlhetse, Hilary Rutto, Kentse Motsetse and Malibongwe S. Manono

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105140 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 186

Abstract

An ironmaking blast furnace slag was prepared and dissolved in lixiviant solutions of known concentrations for the leaching of calcium. A portable laboratory orbital shaking incubator was used for the leaching experiments. In addition, XRF and AAS were utilised for the sample characterization [...] Read more.

An ironmaking blast furnace slag was prepared and dissolved in lixiviant solutions of known concentrations for the leaching of calcium. A portable laboratory orbital shaking incubator was used for the leaching experiments. In addition, XRF and AAS were utilised for the sample characterization of solid residues and leach liquor, respectively. This study demonstrated that increasing the concentration of the solvent enhances the efficiency of calcium extraction; however, it also causes the leaching of other elements, such as magnesium, which can impede the carbonation stage. The research also revealed that the extraction of calcium from the largest particles is constrained by mass transfer and the accessibility of calcium from the particle. The authors hypothesize that the reaction products build up and hinder the reaction on the surface layer of the particles. However, with the smallest particle size fraction, more calcium can be extracted before the surface is obstructed, thus ensuring maximum extraction efficiency. Based on the activation energy value of 70.51 kJ/mol, it is less likely that the leaching of blast furnace slag in ammonium nitrate is a product-layer-diffusion-controlled process, as the activation energy for this type of process is usually below 20 kJ/mol. Instead, the higher activation energy suggests that the leaching process may be controlled by surface chemical reactions or a mixed mechanism. However, more detailed analysis and experimental data would be required to confirm the reaction mechanism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

126 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Enhancing Structural Stability in Cable Bracing Systems: The Benefits of an Additional Horizontal Member

by Niloufar Norouzi and Majid Barghian

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105141 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 169

Abstract

This study looks at how cables behave in structures using SAP2000 (Version 25) [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

154 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Water of Increased Ionic Strength on Surface Interactions with Labradorite

by Malibongwe S. Manono, Lisa L. October, Resoketswe M. Manenzhe and Kirsten C. Corin

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105142 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 185

Abstract

Labradorite is a beautiful and popular mineral known for its iridescent play of colour. It is commonly found in igneous rocks and belongs to the feldspar group of minerals which are common in sulfidic Cu-Ni-PGM ores in South Africa. Labradorite primarily consists of [...] Read more.

Labradorite is a beautiful and popular mineral known for its iridescent play of colour. It is commonly found in igneous rocks and belongs to the feldspar group of minerals which are common in sulfidic Cu-Ni-PGM ores in South Africa. Labradorite primarily consists of calcium, sodium, aluminum, and silicon. There are various uses for labradorite, these range from its use as an ornamental stone to being an additive in ceramics and in glassmaking. Therefore understanding its behaviour under various water conditions is therefore important not only for froth flotation where process water of high ionic strength is used but also important for the question of how ceramics with labradorite as an additive would be affected when subjected to water of high ionic strength and water containing Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻ ions in significant quantities. This study therefore examined the behaviour of labradorite in changing water quality, specifically of increasing ionic strength. Labradorite particles were investigated for their behaviour under varying ionic strength of water using two techniques, namely the zeta potential analyser and UV-vis spectroscopy in order to understand the impact of water quality on surface chemistry of labradorite. The zeta potential analyser was used to understand effects on the surface charge of the mineral whilst UV-vis spectroscopy was used to determine the adsorption of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at the mineral surface. CMC was important in this study not only because of its use in flotation as a depressant but also due to its role in materials manufacturing as a binder and rheology modifier, both of which are significant properties in the production of ceramics and pellets. The results of this study showed that the adsorption of CMC, is enhanced in water of high ionic strength. It was also shown that the electrokinetic potential of labradorite increased and became less nagative in water of higher ionic strength, thus demonstrating a passivation effect at the labradorite mineral surface. The findings of this study imply that gangue minerals associated with or of a similar nature to labradorite, such as the feldspar group of minerals in sulfide ore flotation, are likely to be depressed in flotation. Furthermore, the results from this study may be valuable for the ceramics and glassmaking industries, where labradorite is used as an additive, especially in cases where their products are exposed to harsh water conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

152 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Exploring Scenarios of Eco-Innovation in the Industry: A Prospective Approach

by Devair Donizetti Gomes Júnior, Henrique Ewbank, Sandra Regina Monteiro Masalskiene Roveda and Fábio de Oliveira Neves

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105143 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 179

Abstract

With the increasing urgency to address global environmental challenges, the pursuit of sustainable solutions has become a priority across various sectors, including engineering. Eco-innovation, aiming to integrate environmentally responsible and economically viable practices in industrial processes, is fundamental within this context. Industrial eco-innovation [...] Read more.

With the increasing urgency to address global environmental challenges, the pursuit of sustainable solutions has become a priority across various sectors, including engineering. Eco-innovation, aiming to integrate environmentally responsible and economically viable practices in industrial processes, is fundamental within this context. Industrial eco-innovation is crucial for addressing contemporary environmental and economic challenges, promoting a transition to a more sustainable production model. Decision support systems based on fuzzy logic emerge as promising tools to assist in selecting and implementing eco-innovation strategies due to their ability to handle uncertainty and imprecision, addressing the complexities of sustainability. This research aims to explore the application of fuzzy decision support systems in promoting eco-innovation strategies within Sustainable Systems Engineering. Through this approach, we seek to advance more sustainable practices and construct environmentally responsible and economically viable engineering systems. To measure the level of eco-innovation, an index has been created with the following terms: Alarming [0, 1.5], Insignificant [1.5, 3.5], Moderate [3.5, 6.3], Adequate [6.3, 8.5], and Promising [8.5, 10]. This scale allows for a comprehensive evaluation, reflecting on the worst-case scenarios to the most promising ones, in terms of environmental impact and sustainability. The analysis of the eco-innovation index reveals a deeper understanding of the different levels of environmental impact and sustainability in various industrial contexts, from “Alarming” to “Promising”. This enables the identification of critical areas that require immediate interventions and recognition of strengths and opportunities for improvement in existing processes. Incorporating fuzzy logic into decision support systems for eco-innovation is a notable leap in research in Sustainable Systems Engineering. This flexible method enhances the management of sustainability challenges by addressing complexity and uncertainty, fostering informed decision-making and streamlined eco-innovation strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

140 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Bryophytes as a Sustainable Alternative for Period Products

by Laura Roxana Horvath, Lisa Marie Uth, Elisabeth Eppinger and Lilia Sabantina

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105144 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 156

Abstract

Throughout history, bryophytes have been utilized in various contexts for their remarkable properties [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

126 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Leveraging Machine Learning for Process Monitoring in Environmental Impact Tracking

by Deepak Behera, Sandeep Kumar Behura, Shakina Bano and Neelamadhab Padhy

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105145 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 122

Abstract

Context: The Environmental Impact Tracker is an application designed in such a way that it will monitor and visualize the data of an individual or an organization that will help them to know about their day-to-day activities that create an impact on the [...] Read more.

Context: The Environmental Impact Tracker is an application designed in such a way that it will monitor and visualize the data of an individual or an organization that will help them to know about their day-to-day activities that create an impact on the environment [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

2 pages, 127 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Modeling of Laser-Assisted Cutting of Thin-Walled Steel Gears

by Abbos Elmanov, Sirojiddin Kengboyev, Nazirjon Safarov and Adham Norkobilov

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105146 - 16 Oct 2024

Viewed by 328

Abstract

The article provides information on the theoretical foundations, technological processes, and equipment used for the laser cutting of gears from thin-walled (4–10 mm thick) steel, which has received the widest industrial application of all laser processing technologies [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

153 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

The Physicochemical Properties of Metal–Organic Frameworks Suitable for CO₂ Capture: A Comparative Study of Magnesium- and Zinc-Based Materials

by Glory Makuwa, Kasturie Premlall and Major Mabuza

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105147 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 138

Abstract

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a climate change mitigation technique in which CO₂ is captured from a point source, including coal-fired power plants and other industrial activities, rather than released into the atmosphere [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

143 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Biosorption Capacities of Natural Mushroom Stalk Wastes in Wastewaters Containing Toxic Nickel (II) Ions

by Hakan Çelebi, Tolga Bahadir, Şevket Tulun and İsmail Şimşek

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105148 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 112

Abstract

Today, the common problem of all countries in the world is the presence of heavy metals in water, air and soil environments [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

142 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Deep Learning Models for Reference Evapotranspiration Prediction in Bangladesh

by Abul Kashem, Pobithra Das and Uaktho Baishnab

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105149 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 168

Abstract

Evapotranspiration is a critical component of water balance equations, playing a pivotal role in the water and energy cycle of the region [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

129 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

A Systematic Review of Microplastic Detection in Water

by Jan Raphael Alcaraz, Jerry Olay, Carlou Eguico, Rommel Jose Yan, Melannie Mendoza, Florence Joie Floresca-Lacsa, Josel Godezano and Rugi Vicente C. Rubi

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105150 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 311

Abstract

The need to detect and mitigate the presence of microplastics in water has been the focus of both researchers and scientists recently due to their impact on humans and the environment [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

149 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Ecological Strategies of Decorative Invasive Tree and Shrub Plant Species in the City’s Green Infrastructure

by Oleksandr Lukash, Iryna Miroshnyk, Vitalii Morskyi, Yuliia Stupak, Svitlana Strilets, Olena Shakhnazarian, Alina Sliuta, Maksym Aravin and Olena Sazonova

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 151; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105151 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 94

Abstract

The EU Green Infrastructure Strategy aims to help stop biodiversity loss and enable ecosystems to deliver their services to people [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

128 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Preparation and Electrochemical Oxidation of Ferricyanide Using Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with TiO₂

by Mary Gojeh, Salamatu Hayat, Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma, Umar Imrana, Adamu Sada and Mohammed Sani Isyaka

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105152 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 307

Abstract

The research conducted in this study centres on examining the process of preparing and electrochemically oxidizing ferricyanide with a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified using TiO₂ [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

128 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Surface Area Enhancement Through Electrochemical Oxidation of Ferricyanide at a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Zr-Based MOF

by Mary Gojeh, Salamatu Hayat, Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma, Muhammadu A. Hilal and Ismail Hashim

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105153 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 266

Abstract

This study investigates the surface area enhancement achieved through the electrochemical oxidation of ferricyanide at a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with a Zr-based metal/organic framework (MOF) [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

143 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Novel Photocatalytic Reduction of CO₂ into Solar Fuel Under a Continuous Flow Photoreactor Using Nano-Engineered Slag Catalyst

by Kingsley Safo, Hussien Noby Badry and Ahmed H. El-Shazly

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105154 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 131

Abstract

The biggest contribution to the global warming phenomenon is a rise in carbon dioxide, which causes climate change [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

144 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Deformation Mechanism and Strength Behavior of Ag-Ni Bilayer

by Hassane Mes-adi, Mohammed Lablali, Mohamed Aitichou, Khalid Saadouni and M’hammed Mazroui

Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105155 - 28 May 2024

Viewed by 71

Abstract

In this investigation, we utilize molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to model the nanoindentation process, specifically focusing on the deformation mechanism and strength behavior of a Silver (Ag) coating film on a Nickel Ni (111) substrate [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)

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