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Article

Automated Laser Ablation of Inhomogeneous Metal Oxide Films to Manufacture Uniform Surface Temperature Profile Electrical Heating Elements

by
Joshua Ingham
1,*,
John Lewis
2 and
David Cheneler
1,*
1
Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
2
2DHeat Limited, Dashmore Business Park, Lock Street, St Helens WA9 1HS, UK
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2019, 3(3), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp3030065
Submission received: 18 June 2019 / Revised: 15 July 2019 / Accepted: 31 July 2019 / Published: 2 August 2019
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Abstract

This paper presents automated laser ablation strategies to improve the temperature distribution across the surface of inhomogeneous Ni-Fe-Cr-NiO electrical heating elements during joule heating. A number of iterative closed-loop laser control algorithms have been developed and analyzed in order to assess their impact on the efficacy of the heating element, in terms of homogeneous temperature control, and on the implications for automated fabrication of inhomogeneous metal oxide films. Analysis shows that the use of the leading method, i.e., use of a temperature-dependent variable-power approach with memory of previous processes, showed a 68% reduction in the standard deviation of the temperature distribution of the heating element and a greater uniformity of temperature profile as compared to existing manual methods of processing.
Keywords: heating element; automated manufacture; temperature distribution; metal oxide films; laser ablation heating element; automated manufacture; temperature distribution; metal oxide films; laser ablation
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MDPI and ACS Style

Ingham, J.; Lewis, J.; Cheneler, D. Automated Laser Ablation of Inhomogeneous Metal Oxide Films to Manufacture Uniform Surface Temperature Profile Electrical Heating Elements. J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2019, 3, 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp3030065

AMA Style

Ingham J, Lewis J, Cheneler D. Automated Laser Ablation of Inhomogeneous Metal Oxide Films to Manufacture Uniform Surface Temperature Profile Electrical Heating Elements. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing. 2019; 3(3):65. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp3030065

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ingham, Joshua, John Lewis, and David Cheneler. 2019. "Automated Laser Ablation of Inhomogeneous Metal Oxide Films to Manufacture Uniform Surface Temperature Profile Electrical Heating Elements" Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 3, no. 3: 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp3030065

APA Style

Ingham, J., Lewis, J., & Cheneler, D. (2019). Automated Laser Ablation of Inhomogeneous Metal Oxide Films to Manufacture Uniform Surface Temperature Profile Electrical Heating Elements. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 3(3), 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp3030065

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