Prognostic Value of Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Cytokeratin 19 Fragments (Cyfra 21-1) but Not Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) in Surgically Treated Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic value of cytokeratin 19 fragments (Cyfra 21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in surgically treated NSCLC patients. Material and Methods: 50 NSCLC patients (25 adenocarcinoma, 21 squamous cell and 4 adenosquamous), clinical stages I and II, age 42–89 years, entered the study. CEA, Cyfra 21-1 and CRP concentrations were measured in serum taken before surgery, CEA and Cyfra 21-1 in 50 patients, CRP—in 46 patients. The survival was calculated from the date of surgical treatment until death or until the end of the observation time. The results were expressed as medians (95%CI). Results: Cyfra 21-1 concentration was 2.1 (0.7–14.5) ng/mL. Survival time in the patients with Cyfra 21-1 ≤ 2 ng/mL, and > 2 ng/ /mL was 79 (14.85–88.2) and 29 (5.7–87.6) months, (p < 0.026). CEA concentration was 2.68 (0.87–72.7) ng/mL, significantly higher in adenocarcinoma than in squamous cell lung cancer — 4.38 ng/mL (1.67–41.35) vs. 2.2 ng/mL (1.0–6.1), p = 0.002. CRP concentration was 5.45 (0–122.6) mg/L. Significant dependence was found between CRP and pathological tumour size (pT). Median CRP values in pT1, pT2 and pT3+4 tumours were: 2.8 mg/L, 6.9 mg/L and 23.5 mg/L, respectively. Survival time of the patients with CRP ≤ 10 mg/L and CRP > 10 mg/L was 79 (14.85–88.2) and 29.5 (5.7–87.6) months, respectively (p = 0.045). CRP > 10 mg/L and Cyfra 21-1 > 2 ng/mL were the only significant preoperative prognostic indicators (HR 2.08 and 2.04, respectively). Among the postoperative parameters, pathological stage of disease (p-stage) and pT were the significant prognostic indicators (HR 2.1 and 2.42, respectively). Conclusions: In the present study, concerning surgically treated NSCLC patients, preoperative CRP > 10 mg/L and Cyfra 21-1 > 2 ng/mL were the only negative prognostic indicators, while pT and p-stage were significant postoperative prognostic indicators.