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  • Advances in Respiratory Medicine is published by MDPI from Volume 90 Issue 4 (2022). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Via Medica.
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14 January 2020

Atypical Manifestations of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: The Diagnostic Challenge for Pulmonologists

,
,
and
1
Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
2
First Department of Lung Diseases, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
3
Department of Radiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Adv. Respir. Med.2019, 87(6), 244-253;https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.2019.0062
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Abstract

This is a review considering atypical manifestations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Virtually any organ can be affected, and in some patients, GPA can manifest unusually. Since thoracic involvement of GPA often predominates, the first who might be expected to establish a diagnosis are pulmonary specialists. We would like to familiarize pulmonary specialists with several extra-ELK (E: ear-nose-throat; L: lung; K: kidney) involvements of the disease. We describe sites rarely affected by GPA like the breast, skeletal system, orbit and eye, heart and vessels, central nervous system, urogenital system as well as endocrine and gastrointestinal tract involvement.

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