Influence of a Bleaching Agent on the Color Stability of Indirect Composite Resins Immersed in Dyes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Manufacturing of Samples
2.2. Process of Immersion
2.3. Reading of the Color Alteration
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Brand | Chemical Composition | Polymerization |
---|---|---|
Adoro | 17–19% of dimethacrylate, 82–83% copolymers of silicon oxide, and 1% stabilizers, catalysts, and pigments. | Pre-polymerization in a Targis Quick unit (halogen lamp, intensity of 600 mW/cm2). Resin impregnated with glycerin gel. Polymerization in a Lunamat 100 unit, with eight lamps emitting fluorescent light in a mirrored environment for 25 min (10 min with light, 10 min with heat at 1040 °C and 5 min with cooling unit) at a total power of 750 W. |
Resilab Master | Small particles with a mean size of 0.05 mm, 53% of ceramic filler particles, BisGMA (bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate), BisEMA (ethoxylated bisphenol A- dimethacrylate), UDMA (urethane dimethacrylate), TEGMA (tri-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), aluminum borosilicate, highly dispersible silica, photoinitiators, inhibitors, and pigments. | Pre-polymerization for 4 min in an EDG-Lux unit (400–500 mW/cm2) with temperature not exceeding 50 °C. Final polymerization for 8 min in an EDG-Lux unit (400–500 mW/cm2). |
Cristobal | 74% pyrogenic silica particles, barium glass, and borosilicate. | Pre-polymerization in an MPa 2000 unit for 90 s (200 mW/cm2) in the first cycle and then for 75 s (800–1000 mW/cm2) in the second cycle. Final polymerization in a Post Cure unit for 8 min at 80 °C. |
Sinfony | 48% organic matrix (UDMA), 40% strontium glass (macroparticle of 0.6 μm), 5% pyrogenic silica (microparticle of 0.06 μm), 5% glass ionomer cement particles, 1% silane and 1% initiator. | Pre-polymerization for 15 s in Visio Alfa Light and Visio Beta Vario Light units used with a Visio Beta Vacuum pump (470 mW/cm2). Final polymerization in two stages: 1 minute of light emission in air followed by 14 min of light emission in vacuum in Visio Beta. |
Epricord | 53% ceramic filler content, 25% multifunctional polymers and 22% conventional resin photoinitiators. The mean particle size is 0.6 μm. | Pre-polymerization for 30 s in a Kota unit. Final polymerization for 180 s with a halogen lamp (600 mW/cm2) in a Kota unit. |
Solution | Brand | Chemical Composition |
---|---|---|
Red wine | Periquita dry red wine, José Maria Da Fonseca Vinhos S.A., Azeitão, Portugal | Red grape varieties, conservative INS 220 (sulfur dioxide, SO2), sulphurous acid, and 12.7% alcohol. |
Coffee | Coffee Pilão, Sara Lee, Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil | Roasted and ground coffee. |
Orange juice | Coca-Cola, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil | Orange juice, water, sugar, orange pulp, natural flavors, ascorbic acid, and citric acid. |
Coca-Cola | Coca-Cola, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil | Carbonated water, sugar, cola nut extract, yellow dye IV, acidulant INS 338, and natural flavors. |
Artificial saliva | Farmácia de Manipulação Apothicário, Araçatuba, Brazil | [KCl (0.4 g·L−1), NaCl (0.4 g·L−1), CaCl2·2H2O (0.906 g·L−1), NaH2PO4·2H2O (0.690 g·L−1), Na2S·9H2O (0.005 g·L−1), and urea (1 g·L−1)]. |
SS | df | MS | F | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Resin | 6566.386 | 4 | 1641.597 | 2142.478 | <0.001 |
Solution | 131.647 | 4 | 32.912 | 42.954 | <0.001 |
Resin × Solution | 458.558 | 16 | 28.660 | 37.404 | <0.001 |
Between subjects | 172.398 | 225 | 0.766 | ||
Period | 19,564.573 | 2.845 | 6877.370 | 5664.649 | <0.001 |
Period × Resin | 12,870.394 | 11.379 | 1131.055 | 931.611 | <0.001 |
Period × Solution | 930.291 | 11.379 | 81.754 | 67.338 | <0.001 |
Period × Resin × Solution | 3266.354 | 45.516 | 71.762 | 59.108 | <0.001 |
Within subjects | 777.105 | 675 | 1.151 | ||
P < 0.05 denotes statistically significant difference. |
SS | df | MS | F | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Resin | 23,185.790 | 4 | 5796.447 | 1693.562 | <0.001 |
Solution | 200.716 | 4 | 50.179 | 14.661 | <0.001 |
Resin × Solution | 829.049 | 16 | 51.816 | 15.139 | <0.001 |
Between subjects | 770.093 | 225 | 3.423 | ||
Period | 8636.929 | 3.071 | 2812.801 | 1324.969 | <0.001 |
Period × Resin | 25,959.112 | 12.282 | 2113.535 | 995.580 | <0.001 |
Period × Solution | 2326.537 | 12.282 | 189.422 | 89.227 | <0.001 |
Period × Resin × Solution | 4517.111 | 49.129 | 91.943 | 43.310 | <0.001 |
Within subjects | 1466.683 | 900 | 1.630 | ||
P < 0.05 denotes statistically significant difference. |
Resin | Staining Solution | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red Wine | Coffee | Orange Juice | Coca-Cola | Saliva | ||
Adoro | ∆E1 | 6.59 Aa | 5.99 Aab | 5.42 Ab | 6.14 Aab | 0.57 Bc |
∆E2 | 2.79 Bb | 5.05 Ba | 1.89 Bc | 2.20 Bbc | 0.45 Bd | |
∆E3 | 3.40 Ba | 2.47 Cb | 1.89 Bb | 2.47 Bb | 1.96 Ab | |
∆E4 | 0.76 Ca | 0.66 Da | 1.20 Ba | 1.22 Ca | 0.85 Ba | |
Means followed by the same capital letter in column do not differ (P < 0.05; Tukey). Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the line do not differ (P < 0.05; Tukey). |
Resin | Staining Solution | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red Wine | Coffee | Orange Juice | Coca-Cola | Saliva | ||
Resilab | ∆E1 | 13.49 Ad | 29.44 Ac | 35.64 Aa | 34.53 Ab | 33.68 Ab |
∆E2 | 8.15 Ba | 4.61 Bb | 1.18 Dc | 1.87 Cc | 1.34 Cc | |
∆E3 | 5.13 Ca | 3.19 Cb | 2.26 Ccd | 1.77 Cd | 2.93 Bbc | |
∆E4 | 4.56 Dab | 3.87 BCab | 3.53 Bb | 4.77 Ba | 1.98 BCc | |
Means followed by the same capital letter in column do not differ (P < 0.05; Tukey). Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the line do not differ (P < 0.05; Tukey). |
Resin | Staining Solution | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red Wine | Coffee | Orange Juice | Coca-Cola | Saliva | ||
Epricord | ∆E1 | 12.78 Ab | 13.84 Aa | 11.54 Ac | 11.54 Ac | 11.53 Ac |
∆E2 | 5.52 Bab | 6.16 Ba | 4.05 Cc | 4.20 Cc | 5.09 Cb | |
∆E3 | 6.32 Ba | 5.93 Ba | 6.35 Ba | 5.94 Ba | 6.28 Ba | |
∆E4 | 2.50 Ca | 0.95 Cb | 1.08 Db | 0.84 Db | 0.88 Db | |
Means followed by the same capital letter in column do not differ (P < 0.05; Tukey). Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the line do not differ (P < 0.05; Tukey). |
Resin | Staining Solution | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red Wine | Coffee | Orange Juice | Coca-Cola | Saliva | ||
Cristobal | ∆E1 | 8.57 Aab | 9.27 Aa | 8.54 Aab | 8.58 Aab | 8.39 Ab |
∆E2 | 6.51 Ba | 4.10 Bb | 2.91 Bc | 3.32 Bc | 0.82 Cc | |
∆E3 | 1.31 Cbc | 1.85 Cab | 0.74 Cc | 0.77 Cc | 2.40 Ba | |
∆E4 | 0.69 Cbc | 2.02 Ca | 0.58 Cc | 1.69 Cab | 2.06 Ba | |
Means followed by the same capital letter in column and do not differ (P < 0.05; Tukey). Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the line do not differ (P < 0.05; Tukey). |
Resin | Staining Solution | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red Wine | Coffee | Orange Juice | Coca-Cola | Saliva | ||
Sinfony | ∆E1 | 11.22 Aa | 9.95 Ab | 8.83 Ac | 8.06 Ac | 8.25 Ac |
∆E2 | 5.87 Ba | 2.76 Bb | 0.84 Cc | 1.39 Cc | 1.01 Cc | |
∆E3 | 2.24 Cab | 2.40 Ba | 1.39 Cb | 2.34 Ba | 2.48 Ba | |
∆E4 | 1.55 Cb | 2.02 Bab | 2.83 Ba | 1.89 BCab | 1.83 BCab | |
Means followed by the same capital letter in column do not differ (P < 0.05; Tukey). Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the line do not differ (P < 0.05; Tukey). |
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dos Santos, D.M.; da Silva, E.V.F.; Mendonça, J.B.; Cetrangolo, D.; Caxias, F.P.d.; Goiato, M.C. Influence of a Bleaching Agent on the Color Stability of Indirect Composite Resins Immersed in Dyes. Ceramics 2019, 2, 235-245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics2020019
dos Santos DM, da Silva EVF, Mendonça JB, Cetrangolo D, Caxias FPd, Goiato MC. Influence of a Bleaching Agent on the Color Stability of Indirect Composite Resins Immersed in Dyes. Ceramics. 2019; 2(2):235-245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics2020019
Chicago/Turabian Styledos Santos, Daniele M., Emily V. F. da Silva, Juliani B. Mendonça, Denis Cetrangolo, Fernanda P. de Caxias, and Marcelo C. Goiato. 2019. "Influence of a Bleaching Agent on the Color Stability of Indirect Composite Resins Immersed in Dyes" Ceramics 2, no. 2: 235-245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics2020019