Journal Description
Ceramics
Ceramics
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of ceramics science and engineering, published quarterly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web of Science), and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Materials Science, Ceramics) / CiteScore - Q2 (Materials Science (miscellaneous))
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 25.2 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.7 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.1 (2023)
Latest Articles
The Fabrication of Lithium Niobate Nanostructures by Solvothermal Method for Photocatalysis Applications: A Comparative Study of the Effects of Solvents on Nanoparticle Properties
Ceramics 2024, 7(4), 1554-1565; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7040100 - 28 Oct 2024
Abstract
In this work, we report, for the first time, a comparative study on the effects of different solvents on the properties of LiNbO3 (LN) nanostructures. The solvothermal synthesis method was successfully used with three different solvents: 1—water, 2—methanol, and 3—benzyl. The structural
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In this work, we report, for the first time, a comparative study on the effects of different solvents on the properties of LiNbO3 (LN) nanostructures. The solvothermal synthesis method was successfully used with three different solvents: 1—water, 2—methanol, and 3—benzyl. The structural and optical properties of the as-prepared nanoparticles were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis absorbance, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL). Nanoparticles of a very small size, with an average size between 3 and 10 nm, were obtained for the first time. The photocatalytic activities of the three synthesized LiNbO3 nanoparticles were studied in relation to the photodegradation of a complex and heavy reactive black 5 dye for a wastewater treatment application. The LiNbO3 synthesized with deionized water showed a higher photocatalytic activity than those synthesized using other solvents, such as methanol or benzyl.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ceramics, 2nd Edition)
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The Effect of Adding Banana Fibers on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Mortar for Paving Block Applications
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Ginan Al-Massri, Hassan Ghanem, Jamal Khatib, Samer El-Zahab and Adel Elkordi
Ceramics 2024, 7(4), 1533-1553; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7040099 - 23 Oct 2024
Abstract
Paving blocks might encounter diverse environmental conditions during their lifespan. The durability of paving blocks is determined by their capacity to endure various exposure conditions. Synthetic fibers have been used in mortar and concrete to improve their properties. This research investigates the influence
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Paving blocks might encounter diverse environmental conditions during their lifespan. The durability of paving blocks is determined by their capacity to endure various exposure conditions. Synthetic fibers have been used in mortar and concrete to improve their properties. This research investigates the influence of including banana fiber (BF) on the physical and mechanical characteristics of mortar. Five different mortar mixes were developed, with varying amounts of BF ranging from 0 to 2% by volume. Testing included ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength, flexural strength, total water absorption, and sorptivity. Specimens were cured for up to 90 days. The results indicate that using 0.5% BF resulted in an improvement in compressive and flexural strength compared to the control mix. There was an increase in total water absorption and the water absorption coefficient in the presence of fibers. There appeared to be good correlations between the compressive strength and the other properties examined.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramics in the Circular Economy for a Sustainable World)
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Characterization of the Evolution with Temperature of the Structure and Properties of Geopolymer-Cordierite Composites
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Franklin Casarrubios, Alexandre Marlier, Charlotte Lang, Sandra Abdelouhab, Isabella Mastroianni, Geoffroy Bister and Maurice-François Gonon
Ceramics 2024, 7(4), 1513-1532; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7040098 - 17 Oct 2024
Abstract
This work is part of a research project aimed at producing ceramic-like materials, without the need for an initial sintering, for potential applications in catalysis or filtration at temperatures up to 1000 °C. In that context, cordierite-derived materials were prepared from recycled cordierite
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This work is part of a research project aimed at producing ceramic-like materials, without the need for an initial sintering, for potential applications in catalysis or filtration at temperatures up to 1000 °C. In that context, cordierite-derived materials were prepared from recycled cordierite powder (automotive industry waste) bonded with metakaolin-potassium silicate geopolymer. The principle is that these materials, prepared at temperatures below 100 °C, acquire their final properties during the high-temperature commissioning. The focus is on the influence of the K/Al ratio and cordierite fraction on the stability of the dimensions and porosity during heating at 1000 °C, and on the final Young’s modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion. Conventional and high-temperature XRD evidenced the absence of crystallization of the geopolymer binder and interaction with the cordierite filler during the heating stage when K/Al = 1 or 0.75. By contrast, crystallization of kalsilite and leucite, and diffusion of potassium ions in the structure of cordierite is evidenced for K/Al = 1.5 and 2.3. These differences strongly influence the shrinkage due to sintering and the final properties. It is shown that a K/Al ratio of 0.75 or 1 is favorable to the stability of the porosity, around 25 to 30%. Moreover, a low coefficient of thermal expansion of 4 to 4.5 × 10−6 K−1 and a Young’s modulus of 40 to 45 GPa is obtained.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Manufacturing Processes of Silicate Materials)
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Ultraviolet-Sensor Based on Tin-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Grown by Spray Pyrolysis
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Matías Valdés, Edgar A. Villegas, Leandro A. Ramajo and Rodrigo Parra
Ceramics 2024, 7(4), 1500-1512; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7040097 - 14 Oct 2024
Abstract
The development of sensors that can monitor ultraviolet radiation has many implications for daily life, and even more so if the focus is on low-cost solution processes and the use of eco-friendly materials. In this study, we produced a UV-sensor based on Sn-doped
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The development of sensors that can monitor ultraviolet radiation has many implications for daily life, and even more so if the focus is on low-cost solution processes and the use of eco-friendly materials. In this study, we produced a UV-sensor based on Sn-doped ZnO thin films grown by spray pyrolysis, with a doping content ranging from 1 to 10 at.%. The study focuses on the characterization of the films and the device, and their potential for UV detection. Structural analysis via XRD, FESEM, and STEM confirms the polycrystalline nature of the films, with a hexagonal single-phase wurtzite structure of ZnO. Although the dopant content in the films was widely varied, optoelectronic properties such as transmittance, resistivity, energy gap, density, and carrier mobility are not significantly modified. Sprayed Sn-doped ZnO films demonstrated high sensitivity to ultraviolet light, whether monochromatic or that coming from solar radiation. Outdoor measurements showed promising performance of the UV-sensor, indicating its potential applicability for real-time UV monitoring and potential use. Overall, sprayed Sn-doped ZnO thin films offer a viable and low-cost solution for the fabrication of UV-sensors with desirable properties such as a wide and direct bandgap, high sensitivity, and ease of fabrication.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress in Ceramic Coatings)
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Mullite–Silicate Proppants Based on High-Iron Bauxite and Waste from Metallurgical Industry in Kazakhstan
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Tolebi Dzhienalyev, Alla Biryukova, Bagdaulet Kenzhaliyev, Alma Uskenbaeva and Galiya Ruzakhunova
Ceramics 2024, 7(4), 1488-1499; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7040096 - 14 Oct 2024
Abstract
The suitability of microsilica as a raw material for the production of ceramic mullite–silicate proppants was assessed. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the initial materials were studied. The mineral composition of bauxite is mainly represented by gibbsite Al(OH)3 and, to a
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The suitability of microsilica as a raw material for the production of ceramic mullite–silicate proppants was assessed. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the initial materials were studied. The mineral composition of bauxite is mainly represented by gibbsite Al(OH)3 and, to a lesser extent, kaolinite Al4[Si4O10](OH)8, with impurities of hematite and quartz. It is established that, in order to obtain mullite–silicate proppants, compositions containing 10–20% microsilica are optimal. The sintering of these compositions occurs at 1350–1380 °C. A lightweight ceramic proppant was obtained with a bulk density of 1.21–1.41 g/cm3, breaking ratio at 51.7 MPa of 19.1–20.3%, and sphericity and roundness of 0.7–0.9, and the optimal roasting temperature was determined as 1370–1380 °C.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramics in the Circular Economy for a Sustainable World)
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Binderless Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride Sintered Compacts for Machining of Cemented Carbides
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Alexander S. Osipov, Piotr Klimczyk, Igor A. Petrusha, Yurii O. Melniichuk, Lucyna Jaworska, Kinga Momot and Yuliia Rumiantseva
Ceramics 2024, 7(4), 1477-1487; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7040095 - 13 Oct 2024
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High-purity, superhard, binderless polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (BL-PCBN) was obtained by direct hBN to cBN transformation in a toroid-type high-pressure apparatus at a pressure of 8.0 GPa and temperature of 2250 °C (HPHT-DCS; high-pressure, high-temperature direct conversion sintering). X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a
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High-purity, superhard, binderless polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (BL-PCBN) was obtained by direct hBN to cBN transformation in a toroid-type high-pressure apparatus at a pressure of 8.0 GPa and temperature of 2250 °C (HPHT-DCS; high-pressure, high-temperature direct conversion sintering). X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a prominent [111] axial texture in the sintered material when the axis was oriented perpendicular to the end surface of the sample. Vickers hardness tests conducted at a load of 49 N showed that BL-PCBN possessed an exceptional hardness value of 63.4 GPa. Finally, cutting tools made of BL-PCBN and SN-PCBN (Si3N4-doped cBN-based composite) reference materials were tested during the turning of a cemented tungsten carbide workpiece. The results of the cutting tests demonstrated that the wear resistance of the BL-PCBN material obtained with the HPHT-DCS process is 1.5–1.9 times higher compared to the conventional SN-PCBN material, suggesting its significant potential for industrial application.
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Bioactive-Glass-Incorporated Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coating on AZ31 Mg Alloy: Preparation and Characterization
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Syed Ahmed Uzair, Fayaz Hussain and Muhammad Rizwan
Ceramics 2024, 7(4), 1459-1476; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7040094 - 12 Oct 2024
Abstract
Magnesium alloys, despite having a number of attractive properties, encounter difficulties in clinical applications due to their rapid degradation rate in the physiological environment. In this work, a Bioglass (BG)-incorporated plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating was applied on the AZ31 Mg alloy to
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Magnesium alloys, despite having a number of attractive properties, encounter difficulties in clinical applications due to their rapid degradation rate in the physiological environment. In this work, a Bioglass (BG)-incorporated plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating was applied on the AZ31 Mg alloy to overcome this major limitation. PEO treatment was carried out in constant current mode with and without the addition of BG particles. The effects of BG particles on the coating’s morphology, composition, adhesion, electrochemical corrosion resistance and bioactivity were analyzed. SEM micrographs revealed that BG submicron particles were well adhered to the surface and the majority of them were entrapped in the micropores. Furthermore, the adhesion strength of the coated layer was adequate—a maximum value of 22.5 N was obtained via a micrometer scratch test. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results revealed that the degradation rate of the Mg alloy was slowed down by up to 100 times, approximately. Moreover, the PEO–BG layer considerably enhanced the in vitro bioactivity of the Mg alloy in a simulated body fluid (SBF) environment; a prominent apatite layer was witnessed through SEM imaging. Consequently, the BG-incorporated PEO layer on Mg AZ31 alloy exhibited some promising outcomes and, therefore, can be considered for biomedical applications.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress in Ceramic Coatings)
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Synthesis of Magnesia–Hercynite-Based Refractories from Mill Scale and Secondary Aluminum Dross: Implication for Recycling Metallurgical Wastes
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Praphaphan Wongsawan, Nantiya Boonlom, Muenfahn Vantar and Somyote Kongkarat
Ceramics 2024, 7(4), 1440-1458; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7040093 - 5 Oct 2024
Abstract
This study investigates the synthesis of magnesia–hercynite-based refractories using blends of magnesia powder, aluminum dross (AD), mill scale (MS), and graphite, focusing on the effects of carbon concentration and heating temperature. The results demonstrate successful synthesis at 1550 °C and 1650 °C, with
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This study investigates the synthesis of magnesia–hercynite-based refractories using blends of magnesia powder, aluminum dross (AD), mill scale (MS), and graphite, focusing on the effects of carbon concentration and heating temperature. The results demonstrate successful synthesis at 1550 °C and 1650 °C, with high magnesia content (C80 and D80) leading to the formation of distinct phases, including MgO, FeAl2O4, MgFeAlO4, CaMg(SiO4), and Ca3Mg(SiO4)2, which influence the ceramic’s microstructure and mechanical properties. Increased magnesia content reduces porosity and enhances crushing strength, while heating to 1650 °C significantly improves densification and nearly doubles cold crushing strength, from 43.77–58.97 MPa at 1550 °C to 76.79–95.67 MPa at 1650 °C. These findings suggest that the synthesized refractories exhibit properties comparable to commercial magnesia–hercynite bricks, with potential for the further development for industrial rotary kiln applications.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramics in the Circular Economy for a Sustainable World)
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Novel Ceramic Clay Automatic Feeding System and Simulation Analysis
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Xunchen Liu, Yilun Wang, Bo Mu, Hailin Wu, Lanxin Wang, Mingzhang Chen and Shanyue Guan
Ceramics 2024, 7(4), 1413-1439; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7040092 - 4 Oct 2024
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This study aims to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of an automatic feeding system in the ceramic clay-forming process. Through a series of clay-forming experiments, the system’s performance under various process parameters was examined. Precision sensors and data recording devices were used to
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This study aims to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of an automatic feeding system in the ceramic clay-forming process. Through a series of clay-forming experiments, the system’s performance under various process parameters was examined. Precision sensors and data recording devices were used to monitor and record key data during the experimental process in real-time. The results demonstrate that the automatic feeding system can supply clay steadily and continuously under set parameters, ensuring a smooth forming process and significantly improving efficiency. Quantitatively, the system achieved a 30% increase in Vickers hardness, reflecting enhanced mechanical properties of the formed clay bodies. Additionally, there was a notable improvement in axial stress–strain characteristics, indicating better structural integrity and consistency. These improvements reduced human errors and material waste, enhancing production efficiency and product quality. Future research will focus on further optimizing system design and exploring its applications in a broader range of ceramic manufacturing processes.
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Features of Dielectric Properties of 0.20BiScO3·0.45PbTiO3·0.35PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 Samples Obtained by the Melt-Hardening Method
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A. A. Nogai, A. S. Nogai, D. E. Uskenbaev and E. A. Nogai
Ceramics 2024, 7(4), 1401-1412; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7040091 - 4 Oct 2024
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This paper studies the structural parameters and electrophysical properties (dielectric and piezo electric, as well as currents of thermostimulated depolarization) of samples of composition 0.20BiScO3·0.45PbTiO3·0.35PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 (or in short 0.20BS·0.45PT·0.35PMN) obtained by ceramic and melt-hardening
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This paper studies the structural parameters and electrophysical properties (dielectric and piezo electric, as well as currents of thermostimulated depolarization) of samples of composition 0.20BiScO3·0.45PbTiO3·0.35PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 (or in short 0.20BS·0.45PT·0.35PMN) obtained by ceramic and melt-hardening methods of synthesis. In the ceramic method, the samples were obtained from the starting oxides by two-stage firing. In the melt method, amorphous precursors were first obtained from heat-treated and non-heat-treated starting oxide mixtures by melting and subsequent quenching under sharply gradient temperature conditions. Samples were obtained after grinding, pressing, and thermal annealing of the synthesized precursors, and four types of samples differing in size and shape of the intermediate precursor particles (crystallites) were obtained. The X-ray phase analysis showed that the predominant phase in the studied samples is the perovskite phase; in both types of samples, up to 5 wt.% of impurity phase with pyrochlore structure was also present. The samples of 0.20BS·0.45PT·0.35PMN exhibit dielectric properties characteristic of relaxor ferroelectrics, and the polarized samples exhibit a pronounced piezo effect with a piezo modulus value of d33~200 pC/N. A comparative analysis of the properties of the samples obtained by different methods has been carried out. The essential advantage of the melt method is that its use allows obtaining varieties of four kinds of ferroelectric relaxors and reduces the time of synthesis of samples by 2–3 times.
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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Diamond–Ceramic Composites Fabricated via Reactive Spark Plasma Sintering
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Yunwei Shi, Lanxin Hu, Aiyang Wang, Chun Liu, Qianglong He and Weimin Wang
Ceramics 2024, 7(4), 1390-1400; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7040090 - 2 Oct 2024
Abstract
In order to prepare diamond composites with excellent mechanical properties under non-extreme conditions, in this study, a diamond–ceramic composite was successfully prepared via reactive spark plasma sintering using a diamond–Ti–Si powder mixture as the raw material. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the
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In order to prepare diamond composites with excellent mechanical properties under non-extreme conditions, in this study, a diamond–ceramic composite was successfully prepared via reactive spark plasma sintering using a diamond–Ti–Si powder mixture as the raw material. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the diamond–ceramic composite sintered at different temperatures were studied. When the sintering temperature was 1500 °C, the diamond–ceramic composite exhibited a volume density of 3.65 g/cm3, whereas the bending strength and fracture toughness were high at 366 MPa and 6.17 MPa·m1/2, respectively. In addition, variable-temperature sintering activated the chemical reaction at a higher temperature, whereas lowering the temperature prevented excessive graphitisation, which is conducive to optimising the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Behavior and Reliability of Engineering Ceramics)
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Recent Advances in High-Entropy Ceramics: Synthesis Methods, Properties, and Emerging Applications
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Piyush Chandra Verma, Sunil Kumar Tiwari, Ashish Saurabh and Abhinav Manoj
Ceramics 2024, 7(4), 1365-1389; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7040089 - 30 Sep 2024
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High-entropy ceramics (HECs) represent an emerging class of materials composed of at least five different cations or anions in near-equiatomic proportions, garnering significant attention due to their extraordinary functional and structural properties. While multi-component ceramics have played a crucial role for many years,
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High-entropy ceramics (HECs) represent an emerging class of materials composed of at least five different cations or anions in near-equiatomic proportions, garnering significant attention due to their extraordinary functional and structural properties. While multi-component ceramics have played a crucial role for many years, the concept of high-entropy materials was first introduced eighteen years ago with the synthesis of high-entropy alloys, and the first high-entropy nitride films were reported in 2014. These newly developed materials exhibit superior properties over traditional ceramics, such as enhanced thermal stability, hardness, and chemical resistance, making them suitable for a wide range of applications. High-entropy carbides, borides, oxides, oxi-carbides, oxi-borides, and other systems fall within the HEC category, typically occupying unique positions within phase diagrams that lead to novel properties. HECs are particularly well suited for high-temperature coatings, for tribological applications where low thermal conductivity and similar heat coefficients are critical, as well as for energy storage and dielectric uses. Computational tools like CALPHAD streamline the element selection process for designing HECs, while innovative, energy-efficient synthesis methods are being explored for producing dense specimens. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of the compositional design, the fabrication techniques, and the diverse applications of HECs, emphasizing their transformative potential in various industrial domains.
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Furnace Testing and Validation of a Hybrid Cooling Approach for Enhanced Turbine Blade Protection with a Thermal Barrier Coating in Advanced Gas Turbines
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Salmi Mohd Yunus, Abreeza Manap, Meenaloshini Satgunam, Savisha Mahalingam and Nurfanizan Mohd Afandi
Ceramics 2024, 7(4), 1340-1364; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7040088 - 27 Sep 2024
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Hybrid turbine blade protection systems, which combine thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) and cooling mechanisms, are essential for safeguarding turbine blades in advanced gas turbine applications. However, conventional furnace evaluation methods are inadequate for accurately simulating the complex thermal conditions experienced by TBCs in
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Hybrid turbine blade protection systems, which combine thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) and cooling mechanisms, are essential for safeguarding turbine blades in advanced gas turbine applications. However, conventional furnace evaluation methods are inadequate for accurately simulating the complex thermal conditions experienced by TBCs in these environments. Initial testing revealed substantial degradation of TBCs when subjected to high temperatures without the necessary cooling support. To address this limitation, the furnace setup was modified to incorporate a cooling air system. This system channeled 400 °C air to the back surface of the TBC while subjecting the front to 1400 °C furnace air, effectively replicating the thermal gradient encountered in hybrid protection systems. The modified furnace setup demonstrated a remarkable improvement in the performance of yttria-stabilized zirconia TBCs. By cooling the back surface of the TBC, the metal substrate temperature decreased, thereby improving the thermal gradient on the coating and its durability. The thermal gradient achieved by the modified furnace was verified to simulate accurately the conditions experienced by TBCs in advanced gas turbines. The conventional furnace setup, lacking a cooling mechanism, overestimated the heat transfer on the TBCs, leading to inaccurate results. The modified furnace, with its integrated cooling system, more accurately simulated the conditions experienced by TBCs in real-world advanced gas turbine applications and more reliably assessed their performance.
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Advanced Refinement of Geopolymer Composites for Enhanced 3D Printing via In-Depth Rheological Insights
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Abrar Gasmi, Christine Pélegris, Ralph Davidovits, Mohamed Guessasma, Hugues Tortajada and Florian Jean
Ceramics 2024, 7(4), 1316-1339; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7040087 - 27 Sep 2024
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The advancement of 3D printing technology has been remarkable, yet the quality of printed prototypes heavily relies on the rheological behavior of the materials used. This study focuses on optimizing geopolymer-based composite formulas to achieve high-quality 3D printing, with particular attention given to
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The advancement of 3D printing technology has been remarkable, yet the quality of printed prototypes heavily relies on the rheological behavior of the materials used. This study focuses on optimizing geopolymer-based composite formulas to achieve high-quality 3D printing, with particular attention given to rheological analysis. Three metakaolins, Argical M1200s, Metamax, and Tempozz M88, were used as alumino-silicate precursors for the preparation of the geopolymer binders. Rheological studies were conducted on viscosity, shear stress, and responses to oscillations in amplitude and frequency. The Tempozz M88-based binder was identified as the most effective for the extrusion due to its optimal rheological properties. Subsequently, the study investigated the influence of the amount, up to 55%, and morphology of the fillers, comprising feldspar and wollastonite, on the rheology of the pastes. Also, the addition of Xanthan gum, a gelling agent in the geopolymer paste, was analyzed, revealing improved extrusion quality and more stable bead structures. Finally, a comprehensive comparison was carried out between two formulations chosen according to rheological observations, utilizing image sequences captured during 3D printing. This comparison highlighted the formulation that ensures structural stability, design accuracy, and minimized sagging. This study underscores the significance of geopolymer formula optimization, leveraging rheology as a pivotal tool to enhance 3D printing quality, thereby facilitating more precise and reliable applications of additive manufacturing.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Manufacturing Processes of Silicate Materials)
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Hardening of Mortars from Blended Cement with Opoka Additive in CO2 Environment
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Raimundas Siauciunas, Edita Prichockiene, Zenonas Valancius and Arunas Elsteris
Ceramics 2024, 7(4), 1301-1315; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7040086 - 26 Sep 2024
Abstract
The influence of the parameters of accelerated carbonization in a 99.9% CO2 environment on the hardening kinetics of blended cement with 15 wt% opoka additive, the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting products, the mineralogical composition, and the amount of absorbed
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The influence of the parameters of accelerated carbonization in a 99.9% CO2 environment on the hardening kinetics of blended cement with 15 wt% opoka additive, the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting products, the mineralogical composition, and the amount of absorbed CO2 were investigated. Sedimentary rock opoka was found to have opal silica and calcite as its predominant constituent parts. Therefore, these properties determine that it serves as an extremely suitable raw material and a source of both SiO2 and CaO. The strength properties of the mortars (blended cement/standard sand = 1:3) were similar or even better than those of samples based on Ordinary Portland cement (OPC): the compressive strength exceeded 50 MPa under optimal conditions. In blended cement, some of the pores are filled with fine-dispersed opoka, which can lead to an increase in strength. By reducing the amount of OPC in mixtures, the negative impact of its production on the environment is reduced accordingly. Using XRD, DSC, and TG methods, it was determined that replacing 15 wt% of OPC clinker with opoka does not affect the mineralogy of the crystalline phases as the same compounds are obtained. After determining the optimal parameters for sample preparation and hardening, in accordance with the obtained numbers, concrete pavers of industrial dimensions (100 × 100 × 50 mm) were produced. Their strength indicators were even ~10% better.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic Materials for Industrial Decarbonization)
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A Simple Methodology to Gain Insights into the Physical and Compositional Features of Ternary and Quaternary Compounds Based on the Weight Percentages of Their Constituent Elements: A Proof of Principle Using Conventional EDX Characterizations
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Luis Fernando Garrido-García, Ana Laura Pérez-Martínez, José Reyes-Gasga, María del Pilar Aguilar-Del-Valle, Yew Hoong Wong and Arturo Rodríguez-Gómez
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1275-1300; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030085 - 21 Sep 2024
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Ternary and quaternary compounds offer vast potential for tailoring material properties through compositional adjustments and complex interactions among their constituent elements. However, many of their compositional possibilities still need to be investigated. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) is crucial for determining elemental composition but
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Ternary and quaternary compounds offer vast potential for tailoring material properties through compositional adjustments and complex interactions among their constituent elements. However, many of their compositional possibilities still need to be investigated. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) is crucial for determining elemental composition but is inadequate for identifying chemical bonds and physical properties. This work introduces a novel methodology using a stoichiometric deviation vector (SDV) to estimate the physical and compositional feature characteristics of Si, N, and O compounds by comparing actual molar ratios with ideal stoichiometric references. We validated this method by estimating Si-O bonds in silicon oxynitride samples, demonstrating strong agreement with FTIR and refractive index results. We also extended our proof of principle for SiAlON compounds and established an adaptable procedure to analyze compounds with more than three elements. This flexible methodology will significantly value the materials research community, providing valuable compositional features and physical insights by performing elemental EDX characterizations.
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Experiments on High-Temperature Irradiation of Li2ZrO3/MgLi2ZrO4 Ceramics by He2+ Ions
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Dmitriy I. Shlimas, Ainagul A. Khametova, Artem L. Kozlovskiy and Maxim V. Zdorovets
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1260-1274; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030084 - 18 Sep 2024
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The key objective of this study is to determine the effect of interphase boundaries, the formation of which is caused by the variation of Li2ZrO3/MgLi2ZrO4 phases in lithium-containing ceramics based on lithium metazirconate, on the resistance
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The key objective of this study is to determine the effect of interphase boundaries, the formation of which is caused by the variation of Li2ZrO3/MgLi2ZrO4 phases in lithium-containing ceramics based on lithium metazirconate, on the resistance to near-surface layer destruction processes associated with irradiation with He2+ ions. During the observation of the deformation effects that have an adverse impact on the volumetric swelling of the near-surface layers of ceramics, the thermal expansion factor caused by high-temperature irradiation was considered, simulating conditions as close as possible to the operating conditions of these materials as blankets for tritium propagation. During the studies conducted, it was established that an elevation in the contribution of MgLi2ZrO4 in the composition of ceramics leads to a rise in resistance to deformation swelling caused by structural distortions of the crystal lattice, due to a decrease in the effect of thermal expansion, alongside the presence of interphase boundaries. The established dependencies of the change in the hardness of the near-surface layer of the studied ceramics made it possible to establish the kinetics of softening caused by the deformation distortion of the crystalline structure, as well as to determine the relationship between volumetric swelling and softening (change in hardness) and a decrease in crack resistance (change in the value of resistance to single compression).
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Open AccessArticle
Effect of Inorganic Anions on the Structure of Alkali-Activated Blast Furnace Slag
by
Dominika Świszcz, Mateusz Marzec, Włodzimierz Mozgawa and Magdalena Król
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1247-1259; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030083 - 17 Sep 2024
Abstract
Analyzing the effect of anions on the structure of geopolymers is crucial because anions can significantly influence the material’s chemical stability, mechanical properties, and long-term durability. Understanding these effects helps optimize geopolymer compositions for various applications, such as construction materials and waste encapsulation.
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Analyzing the effect of anions on the structure of geopolymers is crucial because anions can significantly influence the material’s chemical stability, mechanical properties, and long-term durability. Understanding these effects helps optimize geopolymer compositions for various applications, such as construction materials and waste encapsulation. This research report describes the effects of nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate anions on alkali-activated blast furnace slag’s structural integrity and properties. Advanced techniques like XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS have been employed to analyze structural modifications caused by anions, providing insights into their interactions and effects. These anions generally decrease compressive strength by disrupting geopolymerization and altering microstructure. For example, sulfate ions lead to the formation of ettringite, while phosphate ions bind calcium into separate phases. We can also observe microstructural changes, such as increased porosity with phosphate, which significantly reduces strength. Nitrate’s effect is less detrimental but still influences the overall structural dynamics.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ceramics, 2nd Edition)
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The Effect of a Dual Cure Activator on Self-Adhesive Resin Cements and Zirconia Shear Bond Strength
by
Phalat Akrawatcharawittaya, Tool Sriamporn, Suchada Vuddhakanok, Niyom Thamrongananskul and Awiruth Klaisiri
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1237-1246; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030082 - 15 Sep 2024
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This study examines the impact of a dual cure activator (DCA) when applied in combination with self-adhesive resin cements on the zirconia. Sixty zirconia were prepared in compliance with the manufacturer’s directions. The specimens were randomly assigned to each group under the dark
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This study examines the impact of a dual cure activator (DCA) when applied in combination with self-adhesive resin cements on the zirconia. Sixty zirconia were prepared in compliance with the manufacturer’s directions. The specimens were randomly assigned to each group under the dark condition, following DCA and self-adhesive resin cements [RelyX universal resin cement (RXS); Maxcem elite chroma (MAC); Panavia SA cement multi (PSM)]; group 1, RXS; group 2, MAC; group 3, PSM; group 4, DCA + RXS; group 5, DCA + MAC; and group 6, DCA + PSM. The resin composite was fixed to the zirconia, surface-treated, and maintained in a dark container for 30 min. The specimens were kept in an incubator at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius for 24 h. The universal testing device was employed to compute the shear bond strength (SBS). A stereomicroscope was used to analyze the fractured types. The data were analyzed employing the one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Group 2 had the lowest SBS (4.93 ± 0.53 MPa). Group 1 (11.17 ± 0.86 MPa) and group 3 (11.48 ± 1.17 MPa) were not significantly different in SBS. Group 6 (15.61 ± 0.68 MPa) had the highest SBS but was not significantly different from group 4 (15.45 ± 1.20 MPa). The findings show that treating the zirconia surface with DCA before using the self-curing mode of self-adhesive resin cements is the best way to improve the bond between the zirconia and resin cement.
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Open AccessArticle
Study on Microwave Dielectric Materials an Adjustable Temperature Drift Coefficient and a High Dielectric Constant
by
Yuan-Bin Chen, Yu Fan, Shiuan-Ho Chang and Shaobing Shen
Ceramics 2024, 7(3), 1227-1236; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7030081 - 13 Sep 2024
Abstract
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This paper reports the dielectric characterizations of (Ca0.95Sr0.05)(Ti1−xSnx)O3 ceramics prepared using a solid-state reaction method with various x values. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy analyses showed that the crystal structure of these pure samples was orthorhombic
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This paper reports the dielectric characterizations of (Ca0.95Sr0.05)(Ti1−xSnx)O3 ceramics prepared using a solid-state reaction method with various x values. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy analyses showed that the crystal structure of these pure samples was orthorhombic perovskite. With increasing Sn4+ content, the lattice constant and unit cell volume increased, while the dielectric constant decreased because of the ionic polarizability decreasing. Moreover, a maximum Q × f value of 5242 (GHz), a dielectric constant (εr) of 91.23, and a temperature coefficient (τf) of +810 ppm/°C were achieved for samples sintered at 1350 °C for 4 h. The microwave dielectric characterization was found to be strongly correlated with the sintering temperature, and the best performance was achieved for the sample sintered at 1350 °C. (Ca0.95Sr0.05)(Ti1−xSnx)O3 possesses a promising potential to be a τf compensator for a near-zero τf dielectric ceramic applied in wireless communication systems.
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