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Volume 8
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10.3390/ceramics8010014
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Article

The Effect of Glazing and Repeated Firing on Color, Translucency, and Flexural Strength of Different Types of Zirconia: An In Vitro Study

by
Ruwaida Z. Alshali
1,*,
Mohamed Abdelmageed Awad
1,2,
Amnah A. Assiri
3,
Shahad A. Aljahdali
3,
Walaa A. Babeer
1,
Dalea M. Bukhary
1,
Mosa M. Altassan
1 and
Lulwa E. Al-Turki
1
1
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
2
Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta 31773, Egypt
3
Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Ceramics 2025, 8(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8010014
Submission received: 4 January 2025 / Revised: 30 January 2025 / Accepted: 3 February 2025 / Published: 6 February 2025
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Abstract

This study evaluated the impact of glazing and multiple firing on the flexural strength, translucency, and color stability of three types of zirconia: 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP), 4 mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (4Y-PSZ), and 5 mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ). A total of 120 samples were categorized into four groups: polishing only (P), polishing + glazing (PG), polishing + glazing + one glaze firing (PGF), and polishing + glazing + two glaze firings (PGFF). A three-point bending test was used for assessing flexural strength and a spectrophotometer analysis for assessing color difference (ΔE*ab) and translucency parameter (TP). Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests, with significance set at α = 0.05. The type 3Y-TZP showed the highest flexural strength (918.46 MPa) and lowest translucency (TP = 4.32), while 5Y-PSZ exhibited the lowest strength (401.58 MPa, p < 0.001) and highest translucency (TP = 6.26, p ≤ 0.012). Heat treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the flexural strength of 5Y-PSZ (p = 0.002), followed by 3Y-TZP (p = 0.04). The type 5Y-PSZ exhibited significant change in translucency (p = 0.003) and unacceptable variations in color (ΔE*ab: 1.49–9.6). The type 4Y-PSZ exhibited the highest stability in flexural strength, translucency, and color under multiple treatments. In conclusion, while glazing and firing significantly compromised 5Y-PSZ’s flexural strength and altered its color and translucency, 4Y-PSZ demonstrated the highest stability.
Keywords: zirconia; flexural strength; translucency; color stability; heat treatment zirconia; flexural strength; translucency; color stability; heat treatment

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alshali, R.Z.; Awad, M.A.; Assiri, A.A.; Aljahdali, S.A.; Babeer, W.A.; Bukhary, D.M.; Altassan, M.M.; Al-Turki, L.E. The Effect of Glazing and Repeated Firing on Color, Translucency, and Flexural Strength of Different Types of Zirconia: An In Vitro Study. Ceramics 2025, 8, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8010014

AMA Style

Alshali RZ, Awad MA, Assiri AA, Aljahdali SA, Babeer WA, Bukhary DM, Altassan MM, Al-Turki LE. The Effect of Glazing and Repeated Firing on Color, Translucency, and Flexural Strength of Different Types of Zirconia: An In Vitro Study. Ceramics. 2025; 8(1):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8010014

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alshali, Ruwaida Z., Mohamed Abdelmageed Awad, Amnah A. Assiri, Shahad A. Aljahdali, Walaa A. Babeer, Dalea M. Bukhary, Mosa M. Altassan, and Lulwa E. Al-Turki. 2025. "The Effect of Glazing and Repeated Firing on Color, Translucency, and Flexural Strength of Different Types of Zirconia: An In Vitro Study" Ceramics 8, no. 1: 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8010014

APA Style

Alshali, R. Z., Awad, M. A., Assiri, A. A., Aljahdali, S. A., Babeer, W. A., Bukhary, D. M., Altassan, M. M., & Al-Turki, L. E. (2025). The Effect of Glazing and Repeated Firing on Color, Translucency, and Flexural Strength of Different Types of Zirconia: An In Vitro Study. Ceramics, 8(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8010014

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