Experimental Study of Scale Effect in Tunnel Fires at Different Sealing Ratios
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Setup
3. Experimental Results
3.1. Peak Temperature Rises above the Fire Source in Tunnel-S
3.2. Peak Temperature Rises above the Fire Source in Tunnel-L
3.3. A Comparision of Peak Temperature Rises above the Fire Source in Two Tunnels
3.4. Extinction Times at Different Sealing Ratios
3.5. Attenuation of Temperature Rises along the Tunnels
3.6. Similarity in Oxygen Concentration
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | Scaling Law | Unit |
---|---|---|
Heat-release rate | kW | |
Velocity | m/s | |
Time | s | |
Temperature | K | |
Gas concentration | - |
No. | HRR/kW | Self-Extinction or Not | Self-Extinction Time/s | Limiting Oxygen Concentration/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
L-15.8–0%-Ⅰ | N | - | - | |
L-15.8–75%-Ⅰ | N | - | - | |
L-15.8–85%-Ⅰ | N | - | - | |
L-15.8–85%-Ⅱ | 15.8 | N | - | - |
L-15.8–100%-Ⅰ | Y | 745 | - | |
L-15.8–100%-Ⅱ | Y | 792 | 13.9 | |
L-31.6–0%-Ⅰ | N | - | - | |
L-31.6–75%-Ⅰ | N | - | - | |
L-31.6–75%-Ⅱ | N | - | - | |
L-31.6–85%-Ⅰ | Y | 753 | - | |
L-31.6–85%-Ⅱ | 31.6 | Y | 575 | 15.4 |
L-31.6–100%-Ⅰ | Y | 414 | NA | |
L-31.6–100%-Ⅱ | Y | 452 | 13.3 | |
L-63.2–0%-Ⅰ | N | - | - | |
L-63.2–75%-Ⅰ | N | - | - | |
L-63.2–75%-Ⅱ | N | - | - | |
L-63.2–85%-Ⅰ | 63.2 | Y | 340 | 13.9 |
L-63.2–85%-Ⅱ | Y | 339 | 12.7 | |
L-63.2–100%-Ⅰ | Y | 227 | NA | |
L-63.2–100%-Ⅱ | Y | 240 | 12.7 |
No. | HRR/kW | Self-Extinction or Not | Self-Extinction Time/s | Limiting Oxygen Concentration/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
S-2.8–0%-Ⅰ | 2.8 | N | - | - |
S-2.8–75%-Ⅰ | N | - | - | |
S-2.8–75%-Ⅱ | N | - | - | |
S-2.8–85%-Ⅰ | N | - | - | |
S-2.8–85%-Ⅱ | N | - | - | |
S-2.8–100%-Ⅰ | Y | 517 | 15 | |
S-2.8–100%-Ⅱ | Y | 533 | 14.4 | |
S-5.6–0%-Ⅰ | 5.6 | N | - | - |
S-5.6–75%-Ⅰ | Y | 746 | 15.2 | |
S-5.6–75%-Ⅱ | Y | 788 | 17.3 | |
S-5.6–85%-Ⅰ | Y | 463 | 15.5 | |
S-5.6–85%-Ⅱ | Y | 704 | 14.7 | |
S-5.6–100%-Ⅰ | Y | 319 | 13.9 | |
S-5.6–100%-Ⅱ | Y | 318 | 13.7 | |
S-11.2–0%-Ⅰ | 11.2 | N | - | - |
S-11.2–75%-Ⅰ | Y | 406 | 15.1 | |
S-11.2–75%-Ⅱ | Y | 726 | 13.9 | |
S-11.2–85%-Ⅰ | Y | 251 | 14.5 | |
S-11.2–85%-Ⅱ | Y | 248 | 14.2 | |
S-11.2–100%-Ⅰ | Y | 221 | 13.6 | |
S-11.2–100%-Ⅱ | Y | 168 | 13.9 |
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Chen, L.; Wang, X.; Li, B.; Lin, P. Experimental Study of Scale Effect in Tunnel Fires at Different Sealing Ratios. Fire 2023, 6, 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6030092
Chen L, Wang X, Li B, Lin P. Experimental Study of Scale Effect in Tunnel Fires at Different Sealing Ratios. Fire. 2023; 6(3):92. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6030092
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Ling, Xuan Wang, Baiyi Li, and Peng Lin. 2023. "Experimental Study of Scale Effect in Tunnel Fires at Different Sealing Ratios" Fire 6, no. 3: 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6030092