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Article

Erosion Induced Heterogeneity of Soil Organic Matter in Catenae from the Baltic Sea Catchment

by
Gerald Jandl
1,*,
Christel Baum
1,
Goswin Heckrath
2,
Mogens H. Greve
2,
Arno Kanal
3,
Ülo Mander
3,
Barbara Maliszewska-Kordybach
4,
Jacek Niedzwiecki
4,
Kai-Uwe Eckhardt
1 and
Peter Leinweber
1
1
Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Soil Science, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
2
Department of Agroecology and Environment, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, Postboks 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
3
Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise St. 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
4
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Soil Syst. 2019, 3(2), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3020042
Submission received: 29 April 2019 / Revised: 5 June 2019 / Accepted: 11 June 2019 / Published: 19 June 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soil Erosion and Land Degradation)
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Abstract

Soil organic matter (SOM) is unevenly distributed in arable fields in undulated landscapes, but the chemical composition resulting from their turnover, transport and deposition processes is insufficiently known. Therefore, we aimed at disclosing the molecular-chemical composition of SOM in four different catenae at shoulderslope, backslope and footslope positions in arable fields in the Baltic Sea catchment, Europe. The backslope positions always had the lowest organic C-contents (Corg) (1.6…11.8 g·kg−1) and C-stocks (3.8…8.5 kg·m−2) compared to the shoulderslopes and footslopes (1.7…17.7 g·Corg·kg−1, 5.4…15 kg·Corg·m−2). In the SOM-poor backslope positions, the organic matter was characterized by relatively high proportions of carbohydrates, phenols + lignin monomers, alkylaromatic compounds, N-compounds and amides, indicating intensive microbial decomposition. By contrast, the footslopes had the largest Corg-contents (9.3…16.5 g·kg−1) and C-stocks (8.9…15 kg·m−2) in the catenae and particular enrichments in lipids, lignin dimers, sterols and free fatty acids. These relatively stabile SOM compound classes are interpreted as leftovers from erosive downslope transport and concurrent microbial decomposition, e.g., they are pronounced at backslope positions, followed by restricted microbial decomposition. This heterogeneous SOM distribution calls for an adapted soil management that reduces erosion and places amendments to field areas, such as the shoulderslope and backslope.
Keywords: catena; soil erosion; SOM quality changes; matter transport; soil conservation; mass spectrometry catena; soil erosion; SOM quality changes; matter transport; soil conservation; mass spectrometry

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jandl, G.; Baum, C.; Heckrath, G.; Greve, M.H.; Kanal, A.; Mander, Ü.; Maliszewska-Kordybach, B.; Niedzwiecki, J.; Eckhardt, K.-U.; Leinweber, P. Erosion Induced Heterogeneity of Soil Organic Matter in Catenae from the Baltic Sea Catchment. Soil Syst. 2019, 3, 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3020042

AMA Style

Jandl G, Baum C, Heckrath G, Greve MH, Kanal A, Mander Ü, Maliszewska-Kordybach B, Niedzwiecki J, Eckhardt K-U, Leinweber P. Erosion Induced Heterogeneity of Soil Organic Matter in Catenae from the Baltic Sea Catchment. Soil Systems. 2019; 3(2):42. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3020042

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jandl, Gerald, Christel Baum, Goswin Heckrath, Mogens H. Greve, Arno Kanal, Ülo Mander, Barbara Maliszewska-Kordybach, Jacek Niedzwiecki, Kai-Uwe Eckhardt, and Peter Leinweber. 2019. "Erosion Induced Heterogeneity of Soil Organic Matter in Catenae from the Baltic Sea Catchment" Soil Systems 3, no. 2: 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3020042

APA Style

Jandl, G., Baum, C., Heckrath, G., Greve, M. H., Kanal, A., Mander, Ü., Maliszewska-Kordybach, B., Niedzwiecki, J., Eckhardt, K.-U., & Leinweber, P. (2019). Erosion Induced Heterogeneity of Soil Organic Matter in Catenae from the Baltic Sea Catchment. Soil Systems, 3(2), 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3020042

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