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Volume 7
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Article

Sleep Patterns, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, and Sleep Disturbance Among First Nations Children in Saskatchewan

by
Chandima P. Karunanayake
1,*,
Charlene Thompson
2,
Meera J. Kachroo
1,
Donna C. Rennie
1,2,
Warren Seesequasis
3,
Jeremy Seeseequasis
1,
James A. Dosman
1,4,
Mark Fenton
4,
Vivian R. Ramsden
5,
Malcolm King
6,
Sylvia Abonyi
6,
Shelley Kirychuk
1,4,
Niels Koehncke
1,4 and
Punam Pahwa
1,6
1
Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
2
College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
3
Community A, P.O. Box 96, Duck Lake, SK S0K 1J0, Canada
4
Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
5
Department of Academic Family Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, West Winds Primary Health Centre, 3311 Fairlight Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7M 3Y5, Canada
6
Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Clocks & Sleep 2025, 7(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep7020021
Submission received: 18 March 2025 / Revised: 16 April 2025 / Accepted: 24 April 2025 / Published: 25 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Narcolepsy and Related Disorders)
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Abstract

Sleep is essential for maintaining both mental and physical well-being. It plays a critical role in the health and development of children. This study investigates sleep patterns and habits of First Nations children, the prevalence of sleep disturbances, and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), along with the factors associated with EDS. Our 2024 First Nations Children Sleep Health Study assessed the sleep health of children aged 6 to 17 years living in a First Nation in Canada. Statistical analyses were performed using comparison tests and logistic regression models. A total of 78 children participated; 57.7% were boys. The average age of the participants was 10.49 years (SD = 3.53 years). On school days, children aged 6 to 9 years slept an average of one additional hour, while on weekends, they slept an extra 40 min compared to adolescents aged 10 to 17 years. Only 39.7% of the children (ages 6 to 17) slept alone in a room, with more than 80% of the children sharing a bed every night. Only 30.6% of the children aged 6 to 9 years and 7.2% of the adolescents aged 10 to 17 years adhered to the recommended maximum screen time of 2 h on school days. More than two-thirds of the children reported experiencing sleep disturbances. The prevalence of EDS was 19.7%. After adjusting for age and sex, it was determined that the children who snored loudly and those who did not sleep in their own beds were more likely to experience abnormally high levels of daytime sleepiness. A high proportion of children exceeded the recommended screen time, an important public health issue. Further, identifying sleep patterns among children will facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of disordered sleep.
Keywords: First Nations; children; sleep; screen time; daytime sleepiness First Nations; children; sleep; screen time; daytime sleepiness

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MDPI and ACS Style

Karunanayake, C.P.; Thompson, C.; Kachroo, M.J.; Rennie, D.C.; Seesequasis, W.; Seeseequasis, J.; Dosman, J.A.; Fenton, M.; Ramsden, V.R.; King, M.; et al. Sleep Patterns, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, and Sleep Disturbance Among First Nations Children in Saskatchewan. Clocks & Sleep 2025, 7, 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep7020021

AMA Style

Karunanayake CP, Thompson C, Kachroo MJ, Rennie DC, Seesequasis W, Seeseequasis J, Dosman JA, Fenton M, Ramsden VR, King M, et al. Sleep Patterns, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, and Sleep Disturbance Among First Nations Children in Saskatchewan. Clocks & Sleep. 2025; 7(2):21. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep7020021

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karunanayake, Chandima P., Charlene Thompson, Meera J. Kachroo, Donna C. Rennie, Warren Seesequasis, Jeremy Seeseequasis, James A. Dosman, Mark Fenton, Vivian R. Ramsden, Malcolm King, and et al. 2025. "Sleep Patterns, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, and Sleep Disturbance Among First Nations Children in Saskatchewan" Clocks & Sleep 7, no. 2: 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep7020021

APA Style

Karunanayake, C. P., Thompson, C., Kachroo, M. J., Rennie, D. C., Seesequasis, W., Seeseequasis, J., Dosman, J. A., Fenton, M., Ramsden, V. R., King, M., Abonyi, S., Kirychuk, S., Koehncke, N., & Pahwa, P. (2025). Sleep Patterns, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, and Sleep Disturbance Among First Nations Children in Saskatchewan. Clocks & Sleep, 7(2), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep7020021

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