Performance Improvement of Active Suspension System Collaborating with an Active Airfoil Based on a Quarter-Car Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Initially, simulations were conducted solely for the airfoil case to examine the aerodynamic effects of an active aerodynamic surface.
- Subsequently, simulations were carried out to assess the aerodynamic impact on the active suspension of the quarter-car model.
- Finally, comparative analyses with other suspension systems were performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed study.
2. Modeling of the Quarter-Car
2.1. Aerodynamic Force
2.2. Road Excitation Model
3. Problem Formulation
- The tire damping coefficient, representing the energy loss due to tire deformation, is considered too small to significantly affect the vehicle dynamics. Thus, it is excluded from the model to simplify the analysis.
- The model assumes that all state variables, such as the vehicle’s absolute velocity, suspension deflection, and dynamic tire load deflection, can be directly measured or detected from the controller output. This eliminates the need for complex estimations or additional sensor data.
- In the simulation, only the vertical lift force produced by the airfoil is taken into account to affect the vehicle’s vertical dynamics. Being small, the horizontal drag force is neglected.
- For simplicity, the model assumes that there are no physical limits on the actuator force and the lift force generated by the active aerodynamic surface. This allows the simulation to focus on and investigate the effects of these forces without considering the complex, constrained dynamics.
4. Optimal Controller Design
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Frequency Domain Analysis
5.2. Time Domain Analysis
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
LQR | Linear Quadratic Regulator |
AAS | Active Aerodynamic Surface |
DOF | Degrees of Freedom |
PSD | Power Spectral Density |
Appendix A
Suspension System | Weight () | Weight () | Weight () | Weight () |
---|---|---|---|---|
Active Sus. System | 0.1 | 0.001 | ||
Active Sus. with Airfoil | 0.1 | 0.001 | ||
Airfoil only | 0.1 | 1 |
Suspension System | Weight () | Weight () | Weight () | Weight () |
---|---|---|---|---|
Active Sus. System | 0.1 | 0.001 | ||
Active Sus. with Airfoil | 0.1 | 0.001 | ||
Airfoil only | 0.1 | 1 |
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Parameters | Description | Unit | Typical Values |
---|---|---|---|
Sprung mass | |||
Unsprung mass | |||
Suspension Stiffness | |||
Tire stiffness | |||
Passive damping coefficient |
Sus. System | Body Acc. (%) | Tire Def. (%) | Sus. Def. (%) | Per. Index. (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Passive Suspension System | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Active Suspension System | ||||
Active Sus. With Airfoil | ||||
Airfoil only |
Sus. System | Body Acc. (%) | Tire Def. (%) | Sus. Def. (%) | Per. Index. (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Passive Suspension System | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Active Suspension System | ||||
Active Sus. With Airfoil | ||||
Airfoil only |
Sus. System | Body Acc. (%) | Tire Def. (%) | Sus. Def. (%) | Per. Index. (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Passive Suspension System | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Active Suspension System | ||||
Active Sus. With Airfoil | ||||
Airfoil only |
Sus. System | Body Acc. (%) | Tire Def. (%) | Sus. Def. (%) | Per. Index. (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Passive Suspension System | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Active Suspension System | ||||
Active Sus. With Airfoil | ||||
Airfoil only |
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Abbas, S.B.; Youn, I. Performance Improvement of Active Suspension System Collaborating with an Active Airfoil Based on a Quarter-Car Model. Vehicles 2024, 6, 1268-1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6030060
Abbas SB, Youn I. Performance Improvement of Active Suspension System Collaborating with an Active Airfoil Based on a Quarter-Car Model. Vehicles. 2024; 6(3):1268-1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6030060
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbbas, Syed Babar, and Iljoong Youn. 2024. "Performance Improvement of Active Suspension System Collaborating with an Active Airfoil Based on a Quarter-Car Model" Vehicles 6, no. 3: 1268-1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6030060
APA StyleAbbas, S. B., & Youn, I. (2024). Performance Improvement of Active Suspension System Collaborating with an Active Airfoil Based on a Quarter-Car Model. Vehicles, 6(3), 1268-1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6030060