Design and Implementation of Smart Contract in Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain and Internet of Things †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. System Model
2.1. System Hardware
- The NodeMCU ESP8266 Microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit used to perform specific operations in an embedded system. We have used NodeMCU ESP8266 to make the IoT-based sensor node.
- The DHT11 sensor is an inexpensive digital sensor for sensing the temperature and humidity of the deployed environment.
- The IoT-enabled Container is designed by developing hardware and software interfaces and equipment that will enable remote monitoring of temperature and humidity requirements.
2.2. Software Components
- Meta Mask is a popular cryptocurrency wallet. It is a browser plugin that serves as an Ethereum wallet and installs like any other plugin. With the Meta Mask connection to Ethereum-based applications, users can spend their amounts or coins in games, stake tokens, etc.
- Ether scan is a block explorer and block analytics medium that allows users to access details of any pending or confirmed Ethereum blockchain transactions. Using Etherscan, you can see the current state of balance and transaction history by searching with the Ethereum address of the wallet.
- Ropsten Test Network enables builders to experiment with protocol upgrades and decentralized websites and applications before the actual deployment, i.e., on the Ethereum main net. Due to its proof-of-work consensus model, the test net is similar to the mainnet. The Ropsten test net is used by developers due to it presents the production environment of the mainnet of Ethereum, which is based on a proof-of-work mechanism, and to prepare for the upcoming Ethereum mainnet merge.
- FireBase is a platform for development known originally for its real-time database. The applications based on FireBase allow secure and direct access to the database by using client-side code. The changes made by the user on their device are retained and synchronized automatically while being offline with the remote database.
- Arduino IDE Arduino Software Integrated Development Environment (IDE) contains a text editor for code writing, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions, and a series of menus.
- Remix IDE allows the development and deployment of smart contracts for the Ethereum blockchain. Solidity language is used to write and implement smart contracts. The programming languages and libraries used to build the system include Web3.js, Solidity programming language, React, and React.js, which offer a range of extensions for application architectural support, for instance, Flux and React Native.
3. System Design
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Saputhanthri, A.; Alwis, C.D.; Liyanage, M. Emergence of Blockchain based IoT Marketplaces. In Proceedings of the Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC) & 6G Summit, Porto, Portugal, 8–11 June 2021. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, Z.; Jin, H.; Dai, W.; Choo, K.K.; Zou, D. Ethereum smart contract security research: Survey and future research opportunities. Front. Comput. Sci. 2021, 15, 152802. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Reyna, A.; Martín, C.; Chen, J.; Soler, E.; Díaz, M. On blockchain and its integration with IoT. Challenges and opportunities. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 2018, 88, 173–190. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ashok, A.; Brison, M.; LeTallec, Y. Improving cold chain systems: Challenges and solutions. Vaccine 2018, 35, 2217–2223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lou, M.; Dong, X.; Cao, Z.; Shen, J. SESCF: A Secure and Efficient Supply Chain Framework via Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts. Secur. Commun. Netw. 2021, 2021, 8884478. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hasan, H.; AlHadhrami, E.; AlDhaheri, A.; Salah, K.; Jayaraman, R. Smart contract-based approach for efficient shipment management. Comput. Ind. Eng. 2019, 136, 149–159. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Anbunathan, R. Smart Home Solution Using Smart Contract. 2022. Available online: https://www.electronicsforu.com/electronics-projects/hardware-diy/smart-home-solution-using-smart-contract (accessed on 31 December 2022).
- Goda, M.P. Blockchain Enabled Vaccine Supply Chain Provenance. Master’s Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA, 2021. [Google Scholar]
- Antal, C.; Cioara, T.; Antal, M.; Anghel, I. Blockchain Platform For COVID-19 Vaccine Supply Management. IEEE Open J. Comput. Soc. 2021, 2, 164–178. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kumar, R.; Sharma, R. Leveraging blockchain for ensuring trust in IoT: A survey. J. King Saud Univ.—Comput. Inf. Sci. 2022, 34, 8599–8622. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Naqvi, F.H.; Ali, S.; Haseeb, B.; Khan, N.; Qureshi, S.; Sajid, T.; Aslam, M.I. Design and Implementation of Smart Contract in Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain and Internet of Things. Eng. Proc. 2023, 32, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023032015
Naqvi FH, Ali S, Haseeb B, Khan N, Qureshi S, Sajid T, Aslam MI. Design and Implementation of Smart Contract in Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain and Internet of Things. Engineering Proceedings. 2023; 32(1):15. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023032015
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaqvi, Fatima Haider, Sundus Ali, Binish Haseeb, Namra Khan, Soomal Qureshi, Taha Sajid, and Muhammad Imran Aslam. 2023. "Design and Implementation of Smart Contract in Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain and Internet of Things" Engineering Proceedings 32, no. 1: 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023032015